The design and principle of operation of a hair dryer

This household appliance has been helping to dry hair for over 75 years - the first example of this electric product appeared in the early 40s of the last century. Today, there is a hairdryer in almost every home, and everyone knows the rules for using it. But the internal structure of the hair dryer is familiar only to some - we will try to fill this gap in knowledge.

The design of the hair dryer is not complicated: the case is made of durable plastic, inside there is a miniature fan with a powerful electric motor and heating elements made of nichrome. The principle of operation is also simple: from the back of the product, as a result of the fan operation, an air flow enters, which heats up to the optimal temperature, and then leaves the device through a converging nozzle.

The nozzle of the hair dryer can be worn various attachments such as a comb or a round brush for treating long hair, as is done on the Rowenta product. Other nozzles are also used - in the form of small and large combs of various designs. A protective grill with a fine-mesh mesh is installed at the end of the device to prevent small objects and long hair from getting inside.

To adjust the speed of air passage, as well as the degree of its heating, different models of hair dryers have switches installed on the pistol grip for the convenience of users.

Standard product diagrams are almost the same, with the exception of small nuances. The figure shows the main parts of the hair dryer:

• fan propeller;
• electric motor;
• heating element in the form of a spiral;
• base with thermal protection;
• start button and mode switch;
• power supply cord.

As you can see from the diagram, the hair dryer is quite simple: the main nodes are heater and fan, which is built on the basis of a collector type of miniature electric motors for 12-18 V. A plastic propeller is rigidly mounted on its shaft, the design of which differs from manufacturer to manufacturer. The heating element is a base made of a non-combustible material, with wire threads or special spirals wound on its body. There may be several windings, depending on the modes in which the hair dryer works, but one of them is necessarily lowering.

Hair dryer heater

Hair dryer fan

The photo shows a mini-motor and fan, and below is a heating element block with two windings.

The spirals must be constantly cooled by the air flow so as not to overheat. If for some reason this does not happen, then the built-in protection against overheating is immediately triggered - this is the difference between the hair dryers of the most famous brands, for example, Philips or Roventa.

Overheating protection system

The main purpose of the hair dryer is drying and quick styling of hair into a hairstyle, while the temperature of the outgoing air sometimes reaches 60 degrees. Many devices are equipped with switches that regulate the flow rate of air and its heat. To protect internal parts from high temperatures, a protection system is installed that cuts off the power supply to the operating product in case of emergency.

Few of the users know where the name of the hair dryer comes from - sometimes a dry, hot, strong and rather gusty wind comes from the mountains to the valleys, which the locals gave the name to.

In a device of any modern model, two especially sensitive elements are necessarily present:

Fenov is not as complicated as it seems: a minimum of basic components, therefore, if you have basic knowledge of electrical engineering, you can figure it out if necessary. For a complete description, see the instruction manual for the specific product.

Typical malfunctions

Let us consider the reasons for the failure of the main parts, because the breakdown of any of them guarantees the failure of the entire product from work, since it will not be possible to use it further without repair. Simple diagnostics can be carried out on your own if you know the most typical problems of these household appliances.

If your home craftsman is easily versed in electrical household appliances, then you will not need the services of professional craftsmen - all of the listed failures can be eliminated on your own.

Safe operation

In order not to often visit the service center and save time and family budget, it is necessary to clearly fulfill all the requirements for operation:

1. Use only standard, factory-made extension cords.
2. Inspect the cord before each use of the product and do not wrap it around the handle when storing.
3. You can only use the supplied attachments that come with the kit.
4. Do not use the product in a damp room or expose it to water.
5. Install a special fine mesh filter, eliminating the suction of hair into the device.
6. In the event of any malfunction, immediately disconnect the product from the electrical network.
7. Do not pull the cord out of the socket or carry the appliance by the cord. Remember that inside its wires are not steel, but copper, which can be damaged by mechanical stress.
8. Do not overheat the hair dryer if you need a device for long-term use - get a professional device designed for long-term operation.
9. Before storing the device, give it a cooling time of at least half an hour.
10. Store the product in a dry place, the drawer must be locked.

If you follow all the recommendations exactly, your hair dryer will work without repair, and your hair will look flawless and stylish.