Economical heating of a country house: options and prices. Do-it-yourself heating of a country house - we carry out calculations and select equipment Do-it-yourself installation of heating systems for a country house

Organizing a heating system in a private home is not an easy task. This work cannot be done without professional specialists in this field.

However, they can be involved at different stages of the work. Hired workers can complete the entire heating work or do only a specific stage of the work. You can also seek advice from specialists.

Regardless of whether you do the heating work yourself or hire workers, you definitely need to know all the stages and nuances of the process. Let's look at how to organize home heating with your own hands.

Heating system elements

In country houses it is better to use water heating. This method is considered traditional. Heat is supplied to the house using a coolant, which can be heated by various energy carriers.

Such a system includes the following components:

• heating system devices;
• heat source;
• pipeline network.

If you do not have the time and opportunity to handle heating yourself, then contact the GWDE Engineering Company. Specialists in the installation of engineering systems will perform their work efficiently and will provide a guarantee for up to 7 years.

Full work is impossible without such equipment as:

• expansion tank;
• buffer capacity;
• circulation pump;
• distribution manifold;
• automation devices;
• hydraulic separator;
• heating boiler.

It is important that for a water heating system a mandatory piece of equipment is an expansion tank. Everything else is installed if required.

Heating boiler

Today it is not difficult to select and buy a heating boiler. There is a wide range of different models on the market. They differ from each other only in the type of fuel used, as well as the energy carrier.

For private homes, the following types of devices can be used:

• gas;
• liquid fuel;
• solid fuel;
• electric.

Heating scheme in a private house

At this stage, it is better to seek help from professionals. They will draw up the correct scheme. Since making a heating circuit is not easy.

There are two types of heating:

• Single-pipe, in which all radiators are connected to one collector.
• Double-pipe, in which two pipes are involved. One goes to supply, and the second to return heat.

Two-pipe heating, among experts, is considered the most reliable system. At the same time, the costs are much lower than for the single-pipe type.

Heating installation

Before starting work, you need to decide on the location where the boiler will be located. If its power is not higher than 60 kW, then it can be placed in the kitchen space.

In other cases, you need to prepare a separate room, which should be well ventilated. It is also necessary to make a chimney through which combustion products will escape.

Let's look at the photo of the heating of the house and see how the boiler connection system is arranged.

Purchase and installation of pipes

There is a wide range of heating pipes on the market. Each owner chooses the type of pipes as desired. At the same time, it is necessary to take into account the characteristics of the material from which they are made.

Note!

Types of pipes

• Copper is a great option. They are resistant to any changes in pressure and temperature.
• Steel ones are chosen quite rarely. Since they are susceptible to metal corrosion, which shortens their service life.
• Polypropylene pipes must be reinforced with foil. This way they will last much longer than conventional pipes. Polypropylene heating of a private house is the cheapest way.
• Stainless steel is a very different option. However, it is a reliable, durable material.
• Metal-plastic ones are suitable for those who have decided to install a heating system for the first time.
• Polyethylene pipes are inexpensive, and their installation is very simple.

Selection of radiators

Manufacturers offer a wide selection of different heating devices. First of all, you need to pay attention to the type of material, and then to their appearance.

Battery types:

• Cast iron batteries have high heat output. But their cost is very high. And if you take Soviet-style models, their appearance will not decorate your home.
• Bimetallic ones have a table frame inside. This type of device is used in apartment buildings.
• Steel batteries are among the cheapest, with a service life of 20 years.
• Aluminum ones are good because you can automatically regulate the heat supply.

It is important, when making a choice in favor of a certain type of device, take into account its features.

Of course, the process of organizing a heating system is very labor-intensive. However, if you understand all the intricacies, you can make heating yourself.

But, if this is still a difficult job for you, then it is better to hire specialists. And basic knowledge will help you control the entire installation process.

Photo of home heating with your own hands

Note!

Note!

Today, heating a country house is carried out quickly and efficiently using the most modern equipment and components. The main thing at the stage of selecting a heating system is to decide on the priority types of heating, select the most efficient devices, taking into account modern energy saving standards, operating conditions of the facility and the volume of the premises. In addition, the choice of system and its connection diagram are influenced by the availability of energy resources in the region, the economic feasibility of their use and the uninterrupted supply of fuel. In this article we will look at how to make heating for a country house with your own hands.

Selecting an efficient heating system

The most common heating system is water heating distribution, where the coolant is ordinary process water, which circulates in communication pipes in a closed circuit. Water is heated in a boiler, from which it is further transmitted through radiators and pipes. Compared to other heating options, water heating has the following advantages:

• Water is the most accessible and efficient coolant.
• Wiring communications and installing a boiler for a water system can be done without problems, even without special education and extensive work experience.
• The closed nature of the water heating system ensures its independent, economical operation and trouble-free functionality.
• Availability of materials and consumables that can be purchased at any specialized store or construction market.
• A large selection of different materials for arranging the system and components. A wide range of boilers with different operational and technical characteristics.

For water heating at home, you can choose a boiler that will operate on any type of fuel available in the area. The choice of equipment should be made taking into account numerous factors: the thermal efficiency of the building, the seasonality of its use, layout features and personal preferences of the owners.

Gas heating

Currently, natural gas is considered the most economical type of fuel, which is also the most affordable and most reliable type of energy carrier. Even in cases where gas supply is impossible for various reasons, experts recommend using new solutions. Modern heating technologies include a gas holder - a specialized storage facility for the further use of liquefied gas.

Despite the fact that this type of heating will cost home owners more at the installation stage, manufacturers guarantee that the use of gas will fully pay for itself after 5 years, especially in comparison with electric counterparts.

Heating of residential premises can also be done using conventional gas cylinders.

Heating without gas

If it is not possible to supply natural gas to a suburban area, then the owners can only use electricity for heating or rely on solid fuel: firewood, briquettes, coal, peat and other types. However, it should be remembered that only modern types of equipment can make alternative home heating effective: avoid smoke, reduce raw material consumption, etc.

Heating of country houses, cottages and mansions without the use of gas can be done using the following solutions:

• By installing electric boilers or special devices that directly convert electricity into thermal air flows.
• Through the use of liquid or solid fuel boilers that are part of an air or water system.
• Local or general heating using traditional fireplaces and stoves.

Today, it is very rare that stoves or wood-burning fireplaces are used to continuously heat homes. Although, if you take care of organizing such heating in advance, even at the stage of building construction, and equip high-quality air ducts in advance, then such a scheme will help inexpensively heat a small dacha or a small country cottage. If possible, you can supplement the communications with a solid fuel boiler, which will ensure guaranteed uninterrupted and reliable heating of the living space.

Currently, all country houses have electricity, which can be used to install various heating systems. For example, purchase an electric boiler, which will be characterized by quiet operation, the most precise control of temperature and power, a high degree of control and automation, environmental friendliness and no need for expensive chimney installations.

The decisive factor when choosing a heating system may be its operating conditions and seasonality of use.

If heating is selected for periodic heating of a dacha or country cottage, where no one lives in winter, then experts advise considering the possibility of installing new heating systems using electric convectors with an effective forced ventilation system.

Such devices will quickly heat any volume of the room, can independently control the temperature of the surrounding space in a given mode and maintain minimal comfort in the absence of residents.

Before installing any heating system, qualified specialists recommend reducing the heat loss of the building by thoroughly insulating all structures: foundation, walls, ceilings and roof. Investments in thermal insulation of a building will quickly pay off during the operation of the house, will help maintain a high-quality indoor microclimate, regulate humidity levels and significantly save on heating fees.

Video

An important stage in arranging a home heating system is design. This video will help you draw up the diagram correctly.

One of the stages of building a private house is the design and creation of a heating system. This is a difficult stage, since you need to not only design the heating, but also save on materials. An important factor is that the heating created must be efficient and economical. We create heating for a private house with our own hands - you can find wiring diagrams (the most basic) in our review.

There are many schemes for laying heating pipes in private households. Some of them are combined, which allows you to increase the efficiency of the system and achieve more uniform heating throughout the house. In our review we will consider only the most basic schemes:

• single-pipe horizontal circuit;
• single-pipe vertical circuit;
• "Leningradka" scheme;
• two-pipe system with bottom wiring;
• two-pipe system with top wiring;
• beam system with collectors;
• schemes with forced and natural circulation.

Let's look at the features of the presented schemes, and also discuss their advantages, disadvantages and installation features.

Single pipe systems

In single-pipe heating systems, the coolant passes sequentially through all radiators.

When creating heating for a private house with your own hands, the easiest way is to equip a single-pipe heating system. It has many advantages, such as cost-effective use of materials. Here we can save a lot on pipes and achieve heat delivery to every room. A single-pipe heating system provides for sequential delivery of coolant to each battery. That is the coolant leaves the boiler, enters one battery, then another, then a third, and so on.

What happens in the last battery? Having reached the end of the heating system, the coolant turns around and is sent back to the boiler through a single pipe. What are the main advantages of such a scheme?

• Easy to install - you need to sequentially pass the coolant through the batteries and return it back.
• Minimum consumption of materials is the simplest and cheapest scheme.
• Low location of heating pipes - they can be mounted at floor level or completely lowered under the floors (this can increase the hydraulic resistance and require the use of a circulation pump).

There are also some disadvantages that you have to put up with:

• limited length of the horizontal section - no more than 30 meters;
• The farther from the boiler, the colder the radiators.

However, there are some technical tricks that can mitigate these shortcomings. For example, the length of horizontal sections can be dealt with by installing a circulation pump. It will also help make the last radiators warmer. Bypass jumpers on each radiator will also help compensate for the temperature drop. Let's now discuss certain types of single-pipe systems.

Single-pipe horizontal

The simplest version of a single-pipe horizontal heating system with a bottom connection.

When creating a heating system for a private house with your own hands, a single-pipe wiring diagram may turn out to be the most profitable and cheapest. It is equally suitable for both one-story and two-story houses. In the case of a one-story house, it looks very simple - radiators are connected in series - to ensure consistent flow of coolant. After the last radiator, the coolant is sent through a solid return pipe to the boiler.

Advantages and disadvantages of the scheme

First, we will look at the main advantages of the scheme:

• ease of implementation;
• excellent option for small houses;
• saving of materials.

A single-pipe horizontal heating circuit is an excellent option for small spaces with a minimum number of rooms.

The scheme is really very simple and understandable, so even a beginner can handle its implementation. It provides for a serial connection of all installed radiators. This ideal heating layout for a small private house. For example, if this is a one-room or two-room house, then “fencing” a more complex two-pipe system does not make much sense.

Looking at the photo of such a circuit, we can note that the return pipe here is solid, it does not pass through the radiators. Therefore, this scheme is more economical in terms of material consumption. If you don’t have extra money, this type of wiring will be the most optimal for you - it will save money and allow you to provide heat to your home.

As for the shortcomings, there are few of them. The main disadvantage is that the last radiator in the house will be colder than the very first one. This is due to the sequential passage of the coolant through the batteries, where it releases the accumulated heat into the atmosphere. Another disadvantage of a single-pipe horizontal circuit is that if one battery fails, the entire system will have to be turned off at once.

Despite certain disadvantages, this heating scheme continues to be used in many small private houses.

Features of installation of a single-pipe horizontal system

When creating water heating for a private house with your own hands, the scheme with single-pipe horizontal wiring will be the easiest to implement. During the installation process, it is necessary to mount the heating radiators, and then connect them with pipe sections. After connecting the very last radiator, it is necessary to turn the system in the opposite direction - it is advisable that the outlet pipe runs along the opposite wall.

The larger your home, the more windows it has and the more radiators it has. Accordingly, heat losses also increase, as a result of which the last rooms become noticeably cooler. You can compensate for the temperature drop by increasing the number of sections on the latest radiators. But it is best to install a system with bypasses or with forced circulation of the coolant - we will talk about this a little later.

A similar heating scheme can be used to heat two-story houses. To do this, two chains of radiators are created (on the first and second floors), which are connected in parallel to each other. There is only one return pipe in this battery connection diagram; it starts from the last radiator on the first floor. The return pipe coming down from the second floor is also connected there.

Single-pipe vertical

How else can you heat two-story households with a single-pipe system? There really is an alternative - this is a single-pipe vertical heating system, which is used by many people who are looking for a suitable steam heating scheme in a private home. There are no difficulties in such a scheme; you just need to bring the supply pipe with the coolant to the second floor and connect the batteries located there, and then make branches down to the first floor.

Advantages and disadvantages of a single-pipe vertical scheme

As usual, let's start with the positive features:

In single-pipe vertical heating systems, the coolant flows from the radiator on the top floor to the lower floors.

• greater savings on materials;
• relatively equal air temperature on the first and second floors;
• ease of implementation.

The list of disadvantages is the same as the previous scheme. It included heat losses on the last radiators. And since our coolant is supplied through the upper floor, then the first floor may be cooler than the second.

The savings on materials are more than substantial. We only have one pipe going upstairs, from which the coolant is distributed to all the radiators on the second floor (not sequentially). From each upper radiator, pipes go down to the radiators on the ground floor, after which they end up in one common return pipe. Thus, this scheme involves minimal use of materials.

Features of installation of a single-pipe vertical system

When installing a vertical single-pipe system, you will receive as many chains as there are radiators on each floor.

In the previous gas heating scheme in a private house, the pipes sequentially bypassed the radiators on the first and second floors. That is, we have two parallel chains were obtained, each of which included several radiators. In the current scheme we also have chains, but they are vertical. For example, if there are four radiators on each floor, then we get four chains connected in parallel.

This scheme assumes one solid supply pipe passing along the top floor. Branches are made from it to each radiator. After passing through the upper radiators, the coolant flows to the lower radiators, and only after that into the return pipe passing along the first floor.

If in the first case the greatest heat losses were observed in the distant radiators of the first and second floors, then in this scheme it will be cooler on the first floor, since part of the heat will be consumed on the second floor.

A single-pipe vertical heating scheme for a private house with a gas boiler can be implemented without forced circulation of the coolant. The thing is that the temperature of the coolant supplied to the radiators on the second floor is the same. A drop in temperature is observed only on the first floor. But if we supplement the radiators with bypass jumpers, then the temperature change will be minimal - it can be neglected.

Thus, this circuit, supplemented by bypass jumpers, will become the most economical and inexpensive among any other circuits. Instead of a gas boiler, any other boiler can be used. The electric heating circuit of a private house is no different from gas heating (except in the type of boiler).

Scheme "Leningradka"

The Leningradka heating system is an improved single-pipe system.

Both considered schemes have one common drawback - a drop in temperature in the last radiators. In the case of a horizontal circuit, we have cold radiators in horizontal chains, and in the case of a vertical circuit, in vertical chains. That is, in the latter case it is the entire first floor.

The Leningradka heating circuit in a private house allows you to compensate for the cooling of the coolant when passing through the next radiator. How is it implemented? This circuit provides bypass jumpers located under the batteries. What do they give? The jumpers allow you to direct part of the coolant bypassing the radiators, so the coolant at the outlet is as warm as at the inlet (minor deviations can be neglected).

Advantages and disadvantages of the Leningradka scheme

Leningradka promotes more uniform heating of rooms.

Each scheme has its own advantages and disadvantages. What are the advantages of the Leningradka scheme?

• More even heat distribution throughout the house.
• Relatively simple upgrade.
• Possibility of adjusting the temperature in individual rooms (as in two-pipe systems).

Single-pipe heating is not perfect, so the Leningradka scheme allows you to compensate for some of its shortcomings. But she has negative features:

• limited line length – if there are many radiators in a horizontal chain, then there will still be losses;
• the need to use large diameter pipes for more uniform heat distribution.

The last drawback can be eliminated by installing a circulation pump in the system.

Features of installation of "Leningradka"

Connection options for Leningradka in a single-pipe vertical circuit.

When creating heating systems for private houses with their own hands, many people actively use the Leningradka scheme. How is it laid? To create a circuit, it is necessary to place radiators and lay a pipe under them, from which branches are made to the inlets and outlets of the radiators. That is, a jumper is formed under each radiator. In addition, we can install three taps on each radiator - the first two taps are installed at the inputs and outputs, and the third is installed on the jumper itself. What does this give?

• Taps can be used to regulate the temperature in individual rooms.
• Ability to exclude any radiator without shutting down the entire system(for example, if one radiator is leaking and needs to be replaced).

Thus, the “Leningradka” scheme is the optimal scheme for small one-story and two-story houses - you can save on materials and achieve uniform heat distribution throughout the rooms.

Two-pipe system with bottom wiring

Next, we will consider two-pipe systems, characterized by the fact that they ensure uniform heat distribution even throughout the largest households with many rooms. It is the two-pipe system that is used for heating multi-storey buildings, in which there are a lot of apartments and non-residential premises - here this scheme works great. We will consider schemes for private houses.

A two-pipe heating system consists of supply and return pipes. Radiators are installed between them - the radiator inlet is connected to the supply pipe, and the outlet is connected to the return pipe. What does this give?

• Uniform heat distribution throughout the rooms.
• Possibility of adjusting the temperature in the rooms by completely or partially closing individual radiators.
• Possibility of heating multi-storey private houses.

There are two main types of two-pipe systems - with bottom and top wiring. First, we will look at a two-pipe system with bottom wiring.

Bottom wiring is used in many private homes, as it makes heating less visible. The supply and return pipes pass here next to each other, under the radiators or even in the floors. Air is removed through special Mayevsky taps. Heating schemes in a private house made of polypropylene most often provide for just such wiring.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe system with bottom wiring

When installing heating with bottom wiring, we can hide the pipes in the floor.

Let's see what positive features two-pipe systems with bottom wiring have.

• Possibility of masking pipes.
• The ability to use radiators with bottom connections makes installation somewhat easier.
• Heat losses are minimized.

The opportunity to at least partially make heating less visible attracts many people. In the case of bottom wiring we get two parallel pipes running flush with the floor. If desired, they can be placed under the floors, having provided for this possibility at the stage of designing the heating system and developing a project for the construction of a private house.

As for the disadvantages, they are the need for regular manual removal of air and the need to use a circulation pump.

Features of installing a two-pipe system with bottom wiring

Plastic fasteners for heating pipes of different diameters.

In order to install a heating system according to this scheme, it is necessary to lay supply and return pipes throughout the house. For these purposes, there is a special plastic fastener on sale. If radiators with a side connection are used, we make a branch from the supply pipe to the upper side hole, and take the coolant through the lower side hole, directing it to the return pipe. We install air vents next to each radiator. The boiler in this scheme is installed at the lowest point.

This circuit is most often made closed, using a sealed expansion tank. The pressure in the system is created using a circulation pump. If you need to heat a two-story private house, we lay pipes on the upper and lower floors, after which we create a parallel connection of both floors to the heating boiler.

In a two-pipe heating system with overhead wiring, the expansion tank is placed at the highest point.

This two-pipe scheme is very similar to the previous one, only here it is provided for the installation of an expansion tank at the very top of the system, for example, in an insulated attic or under the ceiling. From there, the coolant goes down to the radiators, gives them part of its heat, and then is sent through the return pipe to the heating boiler.

Why is such a scheme needed? It is optimal in multi-storey buildings with a large number of radiators. Thanks to this, more uniform heating is achieved, and there is no need to install a large number of air vents - the air will be removed through the expansion tank or through a separate bleeder that is part of the safety group.

Advantages and disadvantages of a two-pipe system with top wiring

There are a lot of positive features:

• it is possible to heat multi-storey buildings;
• saving on air vents;
• you can create a system with natural coolant circulation.

There are also some disadvantages:

Using vertical wiring will lead to additional difficulties when installing hidden heating.

• pipes are visible everywhere - this scheme is not suitable for interiors with expensive finishing, where elements of heating systems are usually hidden;
• in tall buildings it is necessary to resort to forced circulation of the coolant.

Despite the disadvantages, the scheme remains quite popular and widespread.

Features of installation of two-pipe systems with top wiring

This scheme eliminates the need to locate the heating boiler at the lowest point. Immediately after the boiler, the supply pipe is diverted upward, and an expansion tank is installed at the highest point. Coolant is supplied to the radiators from above, so a lateral or diagonal radiator connection scheme is used here. After this, the cooled coolant is sent to the return pipe.

Radiant heating system using a collector.

This is one of the most modern schemes implying the laying of an individual line to each heating device. To do this, collectors are installed in the system - one collector is the supply, and the other is the return. Separate straight pipes diverge from the collectors to the batteries. This scheme allows for flexible adjustment of heating system parameters. It also makes it possible to connect heated floors to the system.

The radial wiring diagram is actively used in modern homes. The supply and return pipes here can be laid in any way - most often they go in the floors, after which they are suitable for one or another heating device. To regulate the temperature and turn on/off heating appliances, small distribution cabinets are installed in the house.

According to heating engineers, this scheme is ideal, since each heating device operates from its own mains and is almost independent of other heating devices.

Advantages and disadvantages of beam systems

There are many positive qualities:

• the ability to completely hide all pipes in the walls and floors;
• convenient system setup;
• possibility of creating remote separate adjustment;
• minimum number of connections - they are grouped in distribution cabinets;
• it is convenient to repair individual elements without interrupting the operation of the entire system;
• almost perfect heat distribution.

When installing a radiant heating system, all pipes are hidden in the floor, and the collectors are hidden in a special cabinet.

There are also a couple of disadvantages:

• high cost of the system - this includes the costs of equipment and installation costs;
• difficulty in implementing the scheme in an already built house - usually this scheme is laid down at the stage of creating a home ownership project.

If you still have to put up with the first drawback, then there is no escape from the second.

Features of installation of radiant heating systems

At the project creation stage, niches are provided for laying heating pipes, and installation points for distribution cabinets are indicated. At a certain stage of construction, pipes are laid, cabinets with collectors are installed, heating devices and boilers are installed, a test run of the system is carried out and it is checked for leaks. It is best to entrust all this work to professionals, since this scheme is the most complex.

Despite its complexity, a radiant heating system with collectors is one of the most convenient and efficient. It is used not only in private homes, but also in other buildings, for example, in offices.

With forced and natural circulation

All the schemes presented above can be created on the basis of heating boilers of any type. For example, a stove heating scheme for a private house is built on the basis of a wood or coal stove, and pipe routing can be carried out according to almost any of the schemes described above. True, it would not hurt to add forced circulation to many of them. What is it for?

The main difference between a system with forced circulation of coolant and a system with natural circulation is the circulation pump.

As we remember, single-pipe heating systems are characterized by a decrease in coolant temperature as it moves away from the boiler - part of the heat remains in the radiators. These losses are partially compensated by the Leningradka scheme, but in some cases this is not enough. In order to correct the situation, a circulation pump is installed in the heating system, providing forced circulation of the coolant.

Forced circulation is also necessary in many other schemes, including two-pipe ones. The thing is that the small diameter of modern polypropylene pipes, numerous connections and turns create hydraulic resistance. In addition, the use of forced ventilation allows for faster heating of households.

Advantages and disadvantages of forced and natural circulation

Each system has its own advantages and disadvantages:

When heating a room with a large number of radiators, a circulation pump is simply necessary.

• natural circulation is easier and cheaper– no costs for circulation pumps;
• forced circulation makes it possible to improve heating performance in large buildings - in some cases you can get by with natural circulation, but then the system warm-up time increases;

The issue of heating a room in winter is extremely relevant for owners of country houses. During heating installation, a different scheme can be selected. The circuit represents the components of the system, which are connected in series to each other. The article will tell you what heating schemes there are, their positive and negative sides, as well as their features.

Before moving on to considering heating circuits, it must be said that any circuit is a closed system. It consists of a thermal boiler, pipeline, and batteries. Thermometers, shut-off valves, pressure gauges, expansion tank, etc. can be used as additional elements. The heating principle is as follows: the coolant, heated by the boiler, circulates through the pipeline and enters the radiators, which in turn transfer heat to the room. Next, the coolant returns back to the boiler plant. The cycle repeats.

Water heating scheme

Most homes and office buildings today use water heating. The system consists of a boiler, pipe, expansion tank and radiator. This water-type heating scheme has a number of undeniable advantages: high heat transfer of the coolant, excellent heat capacity, medium-section pipes are used.

True, it also has the following disadvantages:

Also, in winter the water system should not be in an inactive state. If the water in the circuit freezes, it can cause pipes to burst.

When considering water heating systems, the scheme can be classified according to a number of characteristics:

For one-story houses with a flat roof, a system with a horizontal type of wiring is more suitable. And for one-story buildings with a steep roof, the ideal option is that the wiring can be bottom or top, vertical risers are preferable, and natural water circulation. For multi-storey buildings, it is worth choosing two-pipe systems, with lower or upper wiring, vertical risers.

Heating schemes for a two-story building

At the moment, there is a heating scheme for a two-story house with a double-circuit boiler and with a single-circuit boiler. The last option is simple.

Single-circuit boiler

The essence of single-circuit wiring is as follows: the coolant moves from the boiler along the line to the batteries, and returns back to the boiler. In terms of pipe use, this option is more economical. But the coolant reaches the last radiators already cooled. To get out of this situation, some install additional sections, thereby increasing heat transfer.

Heat can also be balanced using shut-off valves that regulate the flow of water into the first heating units. Also, a single-circuit heating system whose circuit does not ensure uniform heat distribution throughout the room can be supplemented with circulation pumps.

Double-circuit boiler

If a single-circuit circuit allows only to heat the room, then a double-circuit gas boiler circuit also provides water supply. This is an ideal option that allows you to save both space in your home and money.

The horizontal type of connection of a double-circuit boiler can be made in the following options: with manifold distribution, with associated movement, dead-end circuits. Parallel connection of thermal boilers is also distinguished. I must say that the heating scheme with two boilers is very convenient. True, it cannot always be called expedient. It is worth remembering that the boiler heating scheme requires a competent approach.

It is important to choose the most suitable option for heating your home, taking into account the availability of fuel and material capabilities.

A variation of the two-pipe system is the Tichelman heating scheme. This is a return heat supply system with reverse. Popularly, the Tichelman heating scheme is also called three-pipe. The circulation circuits in it are balanced. This is the most favorable option for the coolant. This scheme ensures uniform heating. Of course, there are some disadvantages. For example, greater pipe consumption than with a dead-end installation. The scheme is suitable for houses with a small area.

Alternative heating

Recently, when organizing heating of a two-story house, engineering developments of climate systems that operate on alternative energy sources are often used. In this regard, the most promising is the thermosyphon heating system, the scheme of which involves the use of sunlight and consists of solar collectors, a special heat exchanger and connecting lines. True, such devices are not suitable as the main source of heat, since the generated thermal energy is simply not enough to heat the entire house.

Features of installation of heating systems

A single-pipe heating installation scheme is considered independent of external conditions and less expensive. Installation can be carried out with horizontal and vertical wiring. Single-pipe wiring is often called Leningradka. Its advantages are versatility and cost-effectiveness. You can find out how to connect the Leningradka heating system in a private house.

But heating installation, a two-pipe type heating scheme has its own characteristics. These include: increased costs of components and materials, volume of work. But this scheme is universal and can be used in private houses of any number of floors and any area. But when organizing a heat supply system, other installation methods can be used that increase the operating efficiency of heating units under certain conditions. But in any case, only highly qualified craftsmen should do this.

In a country house, the choice of system type should be made taking into account the availability and low cost of energy resources.

For example, if there is a gas main, the ideal option would be a gas heating scheme in a private house (however, in the absence of such a main, many use an autonomous gas boiler room).

When building a summer house that you plan to visit or live in all year round, the pressing question arises of how to make the house warm. The correct choice of heating system layout is the primary task when solving this issue. There is no definite answer which of the systems is better: one- or two-pipe, since much depends on the specific conditions in a particular building.

Features of country heating

In most cases, a dacha is not a place of permanent residence, so heating a country house has the following specifics.

As a rule, a holiday village is located far from the main gas supply line. This circumstance forces us to look for another source of thermal energy and practically excludes the installation of gas boilers.

If the dacha has an organized electricity supply, then there are limitations on power and wiring installation. If, when the air temperature drops in the warm season, it is possible to use an air conditioner for heating, then in cold weather it will not help.

It is advisable to heat the cottage periodically. In this case, the risk of the system defrosting in extreme cold must be taken into account.

Heating of the premises should occur as quickly as possible.

Requirements for heating systems

When creating a heating system in a country house, to ensure its maximum efficiency, you should adhere to a number of recommendations and rules.

In order to maintain the continuity of coolant movement, the main riser should be properly insulated.

This is due to the fact that liquid movement is possible if the system is filled with water and there is a temperature difference.

If necessary, you can increase the speed of the coolant. This effect can be achieved by increasing the height of the pipeline and radiators. When creating such circulation conditions, this distance should not be less than three meters. To achieve this result in the absence of a basement, the boiler is placed in the basement at the height of the heating devices on the ground floor. In this case, it is recommended to move the center of the boiler down 150-200 mm relative to the axis of the radiators. For this purpose, a pit is constructed.

Most country heating systems operate on the principle of gravitational fluid circulation. The length of the pipeline structure does not exceed 15-30 m. As the length of the pipes increases, friction within the system does not allow heating to be carried out efficiently. To reduce the influence of this factor, it is advisable to use pipes of larger diameter and provide wide passage holes in the design of heating devices.

Selecting the boiler type

As already noted, most summer cottages are not gasified. The reason for this is various technical difficulties associated with gas supply, so the option of using a gas boiler will not be considered.

Despite all the advantages and good technical and economic performance indicators of electric heating equipment, its use is associated with significant costs for paying for electrical energy. This option for heating a dacha is also, most often, unacceptable.

The most optimal boiler options for creating heating in a dacha with your own hands are equipment that runs on solid or liquid fuel. The availability of the energy source should also be taken into account.

In addition, it is necessary to take into account the frequency of stay at the dacha. If it is visited from time to time, then it is undesirable to use water as a coolant. The use of water is possible during the period of a slight decrease in temperature in spring and autumn and its removal from the system in winter. For trouble-free operation in winter, it is necessary to fill the system with antifreeze.

Boiler designs

When choosing a heating device, you should primarily consider the type of energy carrier. When considering this issue, you should pay attention to its cost and the possibility of its delivery.
The second most important factor influencing the choice of boiler is the power of the equipment. On average, it is considered that for heating 10 sq.m. The room area required is 1 kW.

When designing a country heating system, it is necessary to take into account the installation location of the boiler equipment. It is recommended to take it outside the house and place it in an extension. In any case, the specific installation conditions determine the method of placing the boiler.

Let's consider options for heating equipment for a summer residence.

Liquid fuel boilers

Such units run on diesel fuel or. The latter option is more preferable, since the cost of fuel is significantly reduced. Liquid fuel equipment is attractive not so much for its efficiency as for the possibility of fully automating its operation.
Using diesel fuel does not allow for cost savings. At lower temperatures, fuel becomes more viscous, which prevents a stable combustion process. Such a boiler requires the construction of a separate room, since its operation is accompanied by loud noise.

Solid fuel boilers

Despite the fact that it is necessary to constantly replenish firewood, the cost of solid fuel is not comparable with liquid fuel, and even more so with electricity and gas. You can save money by collecting dead wood in the nearest forest belt.

The disadvantage of this type of fuel is that it burns out quickly; one fill is enough to operate the boiler for no more than six hours. The installation increases the operating time of the equipment on one tab, but it is not practical to use them for a small area.

It is impossible to regulate the combustion temperature in solid fuel boilers. There is only one way to influence the combustion process: change the air supply using a damper. In addition, to store fuel reserves, the premises must be organized in a certain way.

Features of choosing pipe material

Until recently, metal was considered the traditional material for creating a heating system pipeline. However, welded steel structures are susceptible to corrosion, so they are replaced with galvanized or stainless steel pipes. Copper pipes, which are capable of operating under significant pressure drops, are considered to be the most reliable. However, all these materials have one significant drawback: significant cost.

Modern metal-plastic pipes are an excellent analogue to metal products. The material does not rust, has sufficient strength and is easy to install. Damage to such pipes is possible only in the event of significant temperature changes.

Solving the heating problem

The operating principle of water heating is not complicated. The design consists of a heating device, pipes and heating devices, which are closed into a single system.

The heating boiler creates the required temperature of the coolant, which uses water or antifreeze. The heated coolant moves through the pipeline to radiators, which are installed in heated rooms. The latter transfer the resulting heat into the atmosphere of the room, thereby warming it up. The coolant that has given off heat, moving through the pipes, returns to the boiler, where it is heated again. Then the cycle repeats.

Depending on the method of moving the coolant, the heating system can be with natural or forced circulation.

Natural circulation

The operation of the heating system is based on the difference in density of heated and cold liquid. The heated coolant has less mass, so it moves upward when moving through the pipes. As it moves, the temperature decreases and the density of the substance decreases, so it tends downward when returning to the boiler.

The operation of the heating system in this case does not depend on electricity, which makes it completely autonomous. In addition, the design of such heating is significantly simplified.

The disadvantage of such a heating system is the significant length of the pipeline, as well as the need to use large diameter pipes. This circumstance increases the cost of the structure.

In addition, in this case it is necessary to create a pipe slope and there is no possibility of using modern heating devices.

Forced circulation

When creating a heating system in a country house with forced circulation of coolant, a pump is included in the circuit, creating pressure. Also, such a design provides for the installation of an expansion tank, which is necessary to remove excess fluid in the system. The design of the tank can be open or closed. Using the second option is preferable, since evaporation losses are eliminated. If the coolant is a non-freezing solution, then the tank must have a closed design. A pressure gauge is installed to control the pressure.

If such a heating design is used, it becomes possible to use less coolant, reduce the length of the pipeline and reduce the diameter of the pipes. The temperature can be adjusted in each heating device individually.

The circulation pump requires an electrical connection. Otherwise, the system will not work.

One- or two-pipe heating

Single pipe system

This design of the heating system is made in the form of a closed ring with heating devices connected in series. As the coolant passes through the radiators, it gives off heat and moves further until it reaches the last of them. After which the liquid is returned to the boiler. This system is used for heating buildings with an area of ​​no more than 100 sq.m.

The cost of installing a single-pipe heating system is not high and is not complicated. It does not require a large amount of materials to create it.

The serial connection of heating devices leads to the stoppage of the entire system if one of its elements fails. The large length of the pipeline leads to significant heat losses. To regulate the heat transfer of radiators, the purchase and installation of additional thermostats is required.

Two-pipe system

This heating scheme can be used to heat houses with different areas and number of floors. It consists of two pipeline lines. One of them serves to supply coolant to heating devices, and the other to drain liquid from them.

This design has a number of advantages compared to a single-pipe system. In this case, it is possible to regulate the supply of coolant to each radiator individually, which allows you to create a uniform temperature regime in the rooms. It is also possible to install modern radiators. A breakdown in one section of the structure does not stop the operation of the entire system.

The cost of constructing a two-pipe heating system in a country house increases significantly. This is due to increased labor intensity of installation and a greater need for materials. However, despite the increase in the length of the pipes, this disadvantage is compensated by a decrease in their diameter, which reduces costs.