New Year - new laws. New laws and regulations that came into force this year

Now the owners of real estate and cars will exist according to greatly changed rules.

The state annually gives Russians gifts in the form of new laws and regulations, new rules and prohibitions that come into force on January 1 and immediately after it. By tradition, we decided to delve into them.

Immediately we warn you: there were no gifts making the fairy tale come true. But the potentially useful ones are there. And there are those that would have thrown out without thinking, but with the laws this will not work. So you have to get used to it.

A gift to pensioners: 5 thousand rubles once and for all, and then 5%, but only to some

In January 2017, Russian pensioners will receive 5,000 rubles each - this one-time payment was invented by the government as compensation for the non-indexing of pensions in 2016. From the information posted on the official website of the Pension Fund, it follows that all citizens who have reached retirement age before December 31, permanently residing in the territory of the Russian Federation - both working pensioners and non-working, and recipients of military pensions, and categories equal to them . So, if the retirement age comes at you on January 2, 2017, for example, hope for payment. If you are Russian, but you live permanently abroad, too.

The “delivery period”, as it is called in the Pension Fund, is set to January 28. A payment will go the same way as a regular pension: by mail, with home delivery or by charging to the card. This will not happen at the same time as receiving a pension in January: those who receive the January old-age allowance before December 31 will receive 5,000 separately after the New Year. If, for example, the postman brought a surcharge to the house, and the pensioner left for the bread and could not get it, you don’t need to worry: the surcharge will be brought later along with the next pension.

It is not required to issue any additional documents for receiving 5 thousand. This payment is not taxed. And, which is important for those pensioners who receive various kinds of subsidies and surcharges depending on the level of income from regional or federal authorities, in determining the right to receive these subsidies and additional payments of 5,000 are not taken into account. And there will also be no deductions on decisions of the courts from this amount ...

As for insurance pensions and certain types of benefits, they will be indexed on February 1 for the inflation rate achieved in 2016, the money for this is budgeted for. The government’s forecast of a 5.8% rise in prices for the year may turn out to be too high: according to the Federal State Statistics Service, as of December 19, the consumer price index has reached 5.3% since the beginning of the year.

We remind you: since 2016, insurance pensions in Russia are indexed only to non-working pensioners! For workers, they seem to be frozen, and after dismissal they are recalculated taking into account all indexations that have passed during the work.

Another relatively good news: the law came into force, which will allow to include in the insurance period the time during which a citizen was unreasonably prosecuted, suspended from work or position due to the election of a preventive measure, and then rehabilitated. Innovation applies to situations arising after November 2015. From the insurance experience depends on the emergence of the right to a pension, and its size.

And now about less pleasant things ... Moratorium on the formation of a funded pension extended. Insurance premiums (6% of the wage fund for those born after 1967), which should go to the savings accounts of citizens, will go to the Pension Fund - to finance insurance pensions. If in 2014-2016, pension savings were frozen annually, now it is done right away at 2017-2019. At the same time, the principal decision on what will happen to the funded pensions has not been made.

From January 1, the law will come into force, freezing the amount of "parent capital" until 2020. Indexation depending on the level of achieved inflation will not be. The size of this allowance has not changed since 2015: 453 thousand rubles 20 kopecks.

A gift to owners: new rules for registering real estate

Effective January 1 new law  "On state registration of real estate", adopted in 2015. It provides for the creation of the Unified State Register of Real Estate (USRR), which will be maintained by Rosreestrom in electronic form. This database will include a cadastre of real estate, a register of rights to it, a register of borders, cadastral maps, all books of accounting documents.

Advantages of innovations are described in detail on the official website of the Rosreestr.

First, now cadastral registration and registration of rights are different procedures, but often citizens need both of them at the same time. USRN will allow you to immediately apply for cadastral registration and registration in one window, which will save time. In addition, it will be possible to hand over documents at any registry office, and it does not matter where your facility is located - in Moscow or Samara. The service can be obtained electronically without leaving your home. And if there is no time, the necessary documents from the USRN will be delivered to any convenient place and time with a courier (for a fee).

Secondly, the paperwork will be easier and faster. Within 10 days will make and cadastral registration, and rights register. If you need one thing - for 7 days will register, and for 5 days - cadastral registration. The statement about your property will not be available for 5 days, as it is now, but for 3. By order of the Ministry of Economic Development, the prices for the USRN services are approved: for example, the cost of statement on the object on paper for individuals will be 750 rubles, and in electronic form - 300 rubles.

USRN, Rosreestre assures, guarantees safe data storage, "minimizes the threat of fraud and reduces the risks of operations on the real estate market for citizens and entrepreneurs." By the way, certificates of ownership that were issued during real estate registration are a thing of the past: instead of them, cadastral registration and transfer of ownership will be confirmed by an extract from the USRH, and the registration of a contract or transaction - with a special registration inscription on the transaction document.

Please note: if you filed documents for registration and cadastral registration before December 31, 2016, then all this will be done even in the New Year, but according to the old rules ...

All this looks tempting and modern. But there are serious concerns about the authorities' readiness for such radical changes. The law “On State Registration of Real Estate” was named in the monitoring conducted by the State Duma among those to which all necessary regulatory sub-legal acts were not adopted or organizational-technical works were not completed until mid-December. Until recently, the option of postponing the entry into force of the document until July 1, 2017 was discussed, but in the end the government decided not to do so. Meanwhile, representatives of some regions in the State Duma argue that they did not have time to completely introduce information on the ground into a new database, and problems may arise at first.

In addition, at the most crucial moment, personnel changes took place in the departments responsible for the implementation of the law. The head of the Federal Registration Service Igor Vasilyev in July in an emergency order was sent to. the governor in the Kirov region after the arrest of Nikita Belykh, and the new head of the service appeared only in October (Victoria Abramchenko). In mid-November, the head of the Ministry of Economic Development Alexei Ulyukayev was arrested, and the name of the new department head (Maxim Oreshkin) became known only on 30 November. And in a letter dated December 21 of the head of the Federal Notary Chamber it is said that notaries will not be able to comply with the requirements on transferring information on issuing a certificate of inheritance right to the USRR, because the current legislation on notaries classifies this information as protected by a notary secret ...

There are other innovations related to real estate. Taxpayers have individuals  From January 1, a new obligation arises: to report to the tax authorities that they have property and vehicles that are not accounted for by the state. The signal that it is time to “surrender” the FTS - the lack of notifications about the tax on this object during its ownership. For non-performance promised a substantial fine (20% of the amount of unpaid tax).

From the New Year, the law adopted in the summer of 2016, which transfers the cadastral valuation from the hands of private companies, to which there were many complaints, into the hands of state budgetary institutions, comes into force.

And if we are talking about the cadastre, then from January 1, 2017, one of the most important provisions of the “dacha amnesty” is canceled: the basis for putting on the state cadastral registration of a building on summer cottage  it becomes a technical plan for a house, a summer house or a garage, and not a simple declaration. The technical plan is the cadastral engineer or employee of the BTI, the issue price is at least 7-8 thousand rubles, and it depends on the area of ​​the building. According to the authors of the law, innovations should close a loophole for deception, underestimation of the area of ​​buildings in order to reduce the amount of tax. As a result, the “dacha amnesty”, introduced by the law in 2006 and ending seemingly in March 2018, remains, in fact, only simplified, without land surveying and calling cadastral engineers, the registration of a land plot.

A gift to car owners: an e-insurance policy and mandatory GLONASS

No New Year's holiday is complete without news for car owners. This one is no exception.

From January 1, 2017, insurance companies that deal with OSAGO are not only entitled, but are obliged by law to enter into an electronic contract with everyone who applies to them with such a request.

A number of insurers began selling so-called. e-CTP from July 2015, and some experience has already been gained. The procedure looks like this.

On the website of the company, you must enter the necessary data, after checking them, get a password on your mobile phone and register in private office. Then fill out an application for the conclusion of the contract, get the calculation of the insurance premium (the cost is the same as with the usual registration of the policy in the office), and pay for the policy on the site using a bank card. Verification of the data specified in the application is carried out through the automated information system (AIS) of the Russian Union of Insurers - a professional association, which consists of 69 market players.

The policy will be sent by email. In principle, it does not seem necessary to carry it with you, because theoretically, the Ministry of Internal Affairs should have access to the AIS, but who knows what is practical there, and just in case at least for the first time, insurers advise to have a printout of the policy with you.

The Bank of Russia has developed strict requirements for ensuring the uninterrupted operation of the websites of insurance companies, so if it is impossible to conclude an e-policy with a particular company due to technical reasons, the client with his consent is redirected to the site of another insurer, who will be offered a random choice.

A few months ago, it was assumed that from the New Year, the law will also come into force, which will change the rules for compensation of material damage under CTP, namely: it will replace mainly monetary compensation (the maximum amount is 400 thousand rubles) with mainly natural repair of the crippled car. But the Ministry of Finance and the Central Bank did not have time to agree on all the details in the controversial and controversial scheme, and now this part of the MTPL reform will not work until March 1 - at least this date is now called ...

An unpleasant surprise for many Russians, especially those living in Primorye and Kaliningrad: from January 1, 2017, all cars imported into the territory of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union must be equipped with the ERA-GLONASS system.

The countries of the EEU are Russia, Kazakhstan, Belarus, Armenia and Kyrgyzstan. And ERA-GLONASS is a federal emergency response system in case of accidents, which allows you to receive information about accidents and other incidents on the roads through GLONASS satellites, process it and transmit it to emergency operational services. To connect to this system, you need to install a special device on an imported car that costs about $ 100. But the device still needs to be certified for compliance with national standards, and there are only two laboratories that do this in Russia. At the same time, the car should pass the crash test: frontal, side and tipping ...

Major car manufacturers will install the device, because the costs of importing foreign cars that are in high demand are not large. In addition, large companies, experts say, will be able to take advantage of some loopholes left for them in the law. But on the private import of used cars from abroad put a cross - as it happens. The explanations of the Federal Customs Service leave no doubt about it: they say that it will not be possible to receive a technical passport for a vehicle imported for personal use without an ERA-GLONASS vehicle.

Present for violating the law: 900 convicts can escape the colony

From January 1, 2017, in cases where a citizen is sentenced to imprisonment for committing a crime of minor or moderate severity, or grave, but for the first time, the court will be able, taking into account specific circumstances, to replace the colony with forced labor for a period of 2 months to 5 years.

They will have to work where they say - maybe at the other end of the country, and from the salary the state will keep from 5 to 20%. If the sentence is more than 5 years in prison, you should not count on such a concession. Minors, people with disabilities of the first and second groups, pregnant women, women with children under 3 years old, retirees and military personnel are not allowed to assign forced labor.

Forced works are prescribed in 188 articles of the Criminal Code. Among them, for example, articles 106 (“Murder by the mother of a newborn child”), 107 (“Murder committed in the heat of passion”), 108 (“Murder committed when the limits of necessary defense are exceeded ...”), 109 (“Causing death by carelessness "), 110 (" Bringing to suicide ") ...

The internal regulations of correctional centers, where a convicted person will have to live to a new type of punishment, and the order of supervision over their inhabitants were developed by the Ministry of Justice.

This, in fact, is about dormitories of strict regime: individual sleeping places and state-owned bed linen, clothes, shoes and food, utilities - at their own expense, that is, at the expense of earnings. The rise at 6-00, hang up at 22-00. Work - from 7.45 to 18-00. Paid leave is 18 days a year. For a serious violation of the regime - under the lock for 15 days. For refusal to execute a court decision on forced labor - a colony.

Those who have served a third of the term may be allowed to live with their family in a rented or own apartment in the city where the correctional center is located.

A new type of punishment, which was immediately called the “analog of Soviet chemistry”, was prescribed in the Criminal Code in December 2011, during the liberalization of criminal legislation started by President Medvedev. At first it was planned to introduce it from January 1, 2014, having built 30 correctional centers. Liberalization of the soul was not very warming for President Putin, the centers were not built, and the term of entry into force was postponed for another three years. But even now, the courts will not be able, even if they want, to massively replace imprisonment with forced labor: in 5 years only 4 correctional centers (in Tyumen and Tambov regions, Primorsky and Stavropol Territories) with a total capacity of 900 people appeared in Russia.

True, the Ministry of Justice recently drafted a bill that will allow serving forced labor in state-owned companies and state corporations, while living in their dormitories. But it has not yet been submitted to the State Duma.

Gift to the military: short-term contracts

In early 2017, a law adopted in December will come into force, which will allow the Ministry of Defense to enter into so-called “short” contracts with draftees or citizens in reserve (from 1 month to 1 year). In the State Duma, when discussing this proposal, the governments most often recalled Syria.

Under the current rules, the first contract for military service for privates, sergeants and petty officers can be for 2-3 years, but if it is about warrant officers, midshipmen or officers - for 5 years.

For a shorter period, from 6 months to a year, it is allowed to enter into contracts only under extraordinary circumstances such as natural disasters, the introduction of a state of emergency, the need to "restore constitutional order", that is, massive armed revolts, and to participate in activities "to maintain or restore international peace and security ”(for example, participation in peacekeeping operations).

“In connection with the change in the military-political situation, the intensification of the activities of international terrorist and extremist organizations,” explanatory note  to the draft law prepared by the Ministry of Defense, it is required to increase the mobility of troops and staff them with military personnel “for the prompt solution of short-term, but important tasks”, including outside the Russian Federation.

And now the grounds for concluding a short-term contract in the law “On Military Duty and Military Service” are supplemented by “suppressing international terrorist activity outside the Russian Federation”, and the mention of the minimum term for a short contract was removed altogether. So it can be concluded even for a month or two.

At the same time, the new rules will allow settling the problem of manning crews for participation in long and long marches of ships and submarines of the Russian Navy. The fact is that now more than 30% of the crew, recruits, change every six months. If we consider that it takes about 2 months to directly prepare a warship for a long voyage, the service life often expires either during this preparation or during the voyage itself. In such cases, it will be possible to conclude short-term contracts for the time it takes to return to their homeland.

According to the Ministry of Defense, about 20% of Russians who applied for contracts would like to sign them for a short time, to participate in a specific operation or event.

A gift to sellers and consumers: it will be harder to set Rospotrebnadzor on businessmen

From the New Year, new rules for conducting consumer inspectorates on organizations and enterprises, including shops, restaurants, cafes and hairdressers, are beginning to apply to Rospotrebnadzor.

Previously, officials of the department controlling the quality of services provided to citizens were entitled to start an unscheduled inspection upon receipt of a citizen's complaint. From January 1, such a check will begin only if the complainant complies with certain conditions.

First, before writing to Rospotrebnadzor, you must first contact the seller, the manufacturer or the manufacturer of the goods or services that the consumer seems to be worthless. Secondly, wait for his reaction. And only if the reaction is negative (the complaint is not satisfied or sent to the trash can at all), you can write with a clear conscience to the officials, telling the letter about the sad experience of communicating with the abuser (receipts of postal items and their copies are not required).

Anonymous complaints are strongly discouraged. If you write to Rospotrebnadzor via the Internet, then this should be done from a computer or a gadget that allows you to identify. If you send a letter by mail, you must provide information about yourself that will allow officials to establish your identity.

Consumer rights organizations believe that the new rules limit the ability of citizens to defend their interests. But in this case we are dealing not with the manifestation of the evil will of Rospotrebnadzor, but with an attempt to fulfill the law adopted in the summer of 2016, which changed the general rules for conducting inspections of various organizations and individual entrepreneurs  supervisory and regulatory authorities. Some of the provisions of this law are designed to make life easier for businesses. For example, it is supposed to inform entrepreneurs and managers of organizations, including through the Internet, about all the mandatory requirements that the government intends to monitor compliance with. If the complaint received from the citizens speaks of a minor violation, the controlling authorities are entitled to limit themselves to caution, and not to conduct an unscheduled inspection at all.

However, not all the cat (entrepreneur) carnival. In some cases, even an anonymous consumer letter sent without complying with all the above formalities can have consequences:

Rospotrebnadzor has the right to initiate an administrative investigation on the facts stated in it, and in the course of it do all the same, which is usually done during unscheduled inspections. That is, to request the necessary information, inspect the premises, take samples and samples, schedule expertise, arrest goods and even temporarily ban activities if it is an immediate threat to people's life or health or an epidemic ...

And the same law gives the regulatory authorities and new rights. For example, officials will be able to make test purchases over the Internet, and check the quality of goods sold. And the authorities have the right to develop special “indicators of the risk of violation of mandatory requirements,” and if during the monitoring it turns out that some businessman in his work dangerously approached the maximum value of these indicators, it would be quite possible to send an unscheduled check.

A gift to officials and bureaucrats: raising the retirement age begins

For federal, regional and municipal officials (for now!), The new year marks the beginning of a reform to raise the retirement age for calculating old-age insurance pension: in 2017, it will be 55 years and 6 months for women officials and 6 months for men. As a result of a gradual subsequent increase by 2032, this figure should reach the level of 63 years for women and 65 years for men. If an official wants to receive an insurance pension like all mere mortals, from 55 and 60 years for women and men, respectively, it is enough for him to resign from the civil service, having reached that age.

The experience of municipal and state service will also gradually increase, giving the official the right to retirement pension (from 15 years 6 months in 2017 to 20 years by 2026). But these changes do not apply to those who worked to the “service” by the old rules until January 1, 2017.

At the same time, from 60 to 65 years, the age limit of stay in the civil service is rising.

The conditions for obtaining increased pensions for State Duma deputies and members of the Council of the Federation have been tightened: earlier, the supplement to the insurance pension in the amount of 55% of the deputy’s monthly remuneration was due to those who left the parliament from 1 to 3 years, and now it will be necessary to serve 5 years. The term, which gives the right to a surcharge of 75% of the monthly remuneration of the current deputy, has been increased from 3 to 10 years. The monthly remuneration of the deputy and the senator is equal to that of the minister - this is the base (and smaller) part of the salary. It is established by presidential decree and now stands at about 80 thousand rubles a month. This means that the maximum additional payment to the pension will be about 60 thousand rubles per month.

The gift of the offended: now sue the Ministry of Finance, without leaving home

A law is enacted to create a legal protection within the country, which until now could only be found in the European Court of Human Rights.

The ECtHR, in a ruling on some of the complaints received from Russians, stated that there is a systemic problem: excessively long implementation of decisions taken in favor of applicants of national courts, if these decisions provide for the state to fulfill its obligations in monetary or non-monetary form

The authorities and local governments, which the court ordered to pay the allowance, salary, restore the pension, issue a certificate, respond to citizens, sometimes drag the bagpipes for years. Especially long it is necessary to wait from the Ministry of Finance and other financial bodies for cash payments. Citizens are losing hope of finding justice in their homeland, they write to the ECHR, where Russia is awarded compensation for failure to comply with the decision of the national court within a reasonable time, and in currency ... Now the ECHR is considering about 500 complaints of this content.

And now it will be possible to file claims against the authorities and officials demanding compensation for failure to execute a court decision on the restoration of violated property or non-property rights within a reasonable time.

According to the Ministry of Justice, the execution of the law will require an additional approximately 390 million rubles a year from the budgets of all levels - to pay those very compensations. It is allowed to file a claim of such maintenance no later than 6 months after the expiration of the term, which the court took for execution of the decision on restoration of rights.

True, the concept of "reasonable time" in relation to legal proceedings and enforcement proceedings is not defined in any law of the Russian Federation. In each case, the question of what kind of time is reasonable (month, year, week), the court decides ...

It will be possible to sue the Ministry of Finance over the Internet: from January 1, the use of electronic documents in the activities of Russian courts is expanding.

A statement of claim, a simple statement, complaint, representation and other documents can be filed with the court or on paper, or in electronic form, including in the form of an electronic document certified by an electronic signature - if, of course, the technical equipment of a particular court allows. Court decisions can also be made electronically, but in these cases a paper copy must also be made. Only on paper will decisions on civil, arbitration and criminal cases related to any secret protected by law, affecting the security of the state, as well as criminal cases on crimes against sexual inviolability and sexual freedom of the individual, will be made out. All these processes usually take place in the closed mode.

With the development of electronic document management in the courts there are problems: for example, the electronic signature is still available for very few Russians. But it will certainly be issued by lawyers who will send documents in electronic form on behalf of their clients.

The procedure for submitting documents to the Supreme Court in electronic form can be found on the website of this body.

A gift to residents: housing inspectors will monitor the tariffs for general house needs

The fact that the newcomer will appear or will not appear from January 1, 2017 in one of the most archaic sectors of the Russian economy with incredibly confusing regulation - housing and communal services - can be read in our material.

But at the end of December, two more laws were passed by the parliament, which will come into force immediately after the New Year holidays.

As is known, the payment for the maintenance of a dwelling from January 1 includes the costs of paying for cold water, hot water, electrical energy, thermal energy consumed while maintaining common property in an apartment building, as well as total expenses for disposal of waste water in an apartment building.

This required a solution to the question of who will check and control the validity of the standards for the consumption of resources for general household needs, and the tariffs that the regional authorities approve on the basis of a methodology developed by the federal center.

The government (the Ministry of Construction) proposed to entrust it to the housing inspectors in the regions, and the Duma majority supported the idea. Although, in discussing the issue, many deputies expressed doubt that the housing inspectors appointed by the governors and subordinate to them, no matter how professional and prepared they were, could be objective and control their superiors. In any case, weigh complaints about the tariffs for ONE - now to them ...

Another “communal” law, adopted at the very end of the year, concerns capital repairs. Previously, tenants who decided to leave the “common boiler” and raise funds for the repair of their own home on a special account could actually do it after 2 years. The regions allowed the law to shorten the term with its laws, but by the spring of 2016, when the issue of the constitutionality of the procedure for charging capital repairs was discussed in the Constitutional Court, only 38 of the 85 constituent entities of the Federation were exercised. Kabardino-Balkaria - 6 months, in Bashkortostan and St. Petersburg - 1 year.

Now the maximum time to exit the “common boiler” for all regions is reduced to 1 year. By the same law, it is allowed to promptly include houses that have suffered from floods, fires and floods in the overhaul programs and repair them in an expedited manner.

A gift to debtors: the collector will not tell anyone else about your problems

Last winter, one after another, news came about the atrocities of collectors, who knocked out debts from citizens by all means available to them, up to intimidation, the use of force, arson, and the Russian authorities decided to introduce this type of activity, demanded during the crisis, into a rigid framework. The corresponding law was adopted in the summer, before the sixth convocation of the Duma to the polls. From January 1, it comes into force.

Defined general rules for collecting debts and permissible methods of influencing debtors: you can not threaten them, destroy or damage their property, exert psychological pressure and humiliate, post information about them and their overdue debts on the Internet or report it to work ... Call the debtor collector is entitled from 22 to 8 o'clock on weekdays, and from 20 to 9 o'clock on weekends and holidays. In general, it is impossible to call more often once a day, twice a week and 8 times a month. And you can meet in person no more than once a week.

Citizens with unbroken or outstanding convictions for certain types of crimes are not allowed to collector’s activities. Hiring people living abroad in order to terrorize a Russian debtor through telephone, Internet, or SMS messages is also prohibited.

All organizations involved in debunking debts and meeting new requirements must be entered in a special register - exclusion from it means a ban on this type of activity. For three years collection agencies will have to keep audio records of all conversations with debtors, all text and other messages sent to them, all paper documents, and also keep a list of employees who have access to information about debtors.

In addition, in order to ease the burden of debt for microfinance organizations of citizens caught in clutches, from January 1, 2017, accrued interest and other payments (except for penalties for penalties) on microloans for a period of up to one year may not exceed three times the size of the loan. Previously existing rules allowed to take interest and 4 times the amount of the debt. New restrictions apply only to those microloans that will be taken after January 1, 2017.

Microcredits are usually taken by people who are not available to another method of obtaining a loan, they are characterized by simplicity of design and transcendental height interest rates. The maximum amount that can be obtained under these conditions in Russia is 1 million rubles ...

But how it will actually be after the New Year is hard to say. The fact is that the decree determining which authorities will regulate the work of collectors (Ministry of Justice) and keep their register (FSSP), President Putin for some reason, signed only on December 15, although in fact this was required to be done by October. It means that the Ministry of Justice and the FSSP have left two weeks to approve their bylaws - the rules, procedures and orders, and the compilation of the registry. And collection agencies - to bring their documents in line with new requirements, banks and microfinance organizations - to make changes to loan agreements ... The FSSP registry needs money and additional employees, but the budget has already been adopted, so the president ordered to allocate funds for these purposes when adjusting the budget for 2017-2019. The adjustment, if there will be, is not before spring.

According to the Central Bank, over the year, the overdue debts of individuals to banks increased and amounted to almost 900 billion rubles.

A gift to tourists: new rules for help and support

The law adopted in March 2016, aimed at improving the rules for the conduct of tourist activities, and a thick package of secondary legislation, comes into force. Significant terms of the contract (mandatory for execution, the violation of which is fraught with sanctions), for example, include issuing at least 24 hours before the start of the journey of e-tickets “round-trip”, and drawing up a document on hotel booking. The tour operator is obliged to provide the carrier with guarantees for the payment of the contract.

A personal liability fund of tour operators in the field of outbound tourism is being created, the contribution to it for them will be 1% of the total price of the tourist product for last year. The funds of this fund will be used to compensate for the actual damage incurred by tourists as a result of the tour operator’s failure to fulfill its obligations under the contract. A written claim for compensation for real damage can be filed by the tourists themselves or their representatives. Receive payment will be possible in the event that the tour operator has ceased operations. If the funds accumulated in the personal fund are not enough for payments to all the affected tourists, payments are made in proportion to the amounts of money specified in the requirements to the amount of funds accumulated in the fund.

The decision on the payment (denial of this) may be appealed to the association of tour operators.

Emergency travel of tourists from the country where they rested, in the event of bankruptcy of the tour operator, will be at the expense of a special reserve fund of associations of tour operators.

From the New Year, some provisions of the law, adopted as early as 2013 in connection with the preparations for the World Cup 2018 in Russia, come into force. In those 11 regions where sporting events (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Saransk, Kaliningrad, Rostov-on-Don, Sochi, Samara, Nizhny Novgorod, Volgograd, Kazan) will be held, all hotels and other accommodations of visitors, as well as beaches and ski slopes will be able to work only with a certificate of assignment category. The assessment will be dealt with by special accredited organizations. By the order of the Ministry of Culture (this department is responsible for tourism too), 6 categories of hotels are defined depending on the number of stars: the lowest - “without stars”, the highest - “five stars”.

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Your attention is the 10 most important changes in tax and accounting for entrepreneurs, which began to operate from the beginning of the year.

The percentage for the rich

From January 1, 2014, individual entrepreneurs and all private practitioners are obliged to count insurance premiums  in a new way. Now their size depends on the amount of income for the year. What counts as income, in turn, depends on the tax system that the entrepreneur applies. If the income for the year is less than 300,000 rubles or is completely absent, the individual entrepreneur is obliged to pay only a fixed part in the amount of 20,727.53 rubles. If the annual income is higher, then to the fixed part of the contributions you need to pay extra 1% of the income exceeding 300,000 rubles. Also set the maximum amount of insurance premiums, more than which the amount will not grow - 142 026, 89 rubles.

The fixed part must be paid no later than December 31 of the current year, and 1% of the income exceeding 300,000 rubles - no later than April 1 of the next year. Be careful and do not violate these terms. Otherwise, the size of insurance premiums will be calculated at the maximum rate, based not on one, but on eight minimum wages. For the year, "insurance deviation" can run up to 200 000 rubles.

State order: attempt number 2

The federal contract system has replaced the infamous 94-FZ. The main difference of the new law is that it registers control over the entire procurement cycle, starting from procurement planning and ending with the analysis of the results. The law introduces the institution of public control over tenders and the progress of contract execution, and also establishes instances of mandatory public discussion of procurement. An important innovation was the obligation of state customers to publish their procurement plans - this will allow companies to better prepare for the application. By law, purchases from small and medium-sized businesses should be at least 15%. In addition, the electronic platforms must return to the auction participants not only the security paid by them, but also the income from the placement of these funds.

Among the unpleasant sides: the entrepreneur participating in the auction must have a certificate of no criminal record, which takes 30 days to receive, as a result of which you can simply skip the auction. To combat dumping, the duty of bidders and auctions was introduced to provide increased collateral if the price they offered falls below their starting price by 25%.

Electronic reporting and CEP

All companies, together with financial statements for the first quarter of 2014, will be required to submit value-added tax (VAT) declarations in electronic form. Previously, this requirement applies only to firms with more than a hundred people. The rest could use electronic services for reporting at their own discretion. An exception is made only for tax agentswhich are not VAT payers, however, in this case too, the tax will take paperwork extremely reluctantly.

From January 1, all companies without exception will be able to verify electronic reporting only with the help of a reinforced qualified signature (CEP). It can be obtained at any of the accredited certification centers. If you have not changed your signature to the new format, then now you have to do it: it will not work to sign the statements of the old EDS from January 1, 2014.

Fines for entrepreneurs

From now on, every entrepreneur who has committed gross violations, leading to an understatement, falls under penalties. tax base. Previously, we recall, it was allowed to penalize only organizations. Such violations, in particular, include the absence of primary documents, invoices, accounting registers or tax accounting.

In addition, a penalty will be levied for systematic untimely or incorrect reflection on the accounts. of accounting, in the registers of tax accounting and in the reporting of business transactions, cash, material values, intangible assets and financial investments of the taxpayer. Systematic are two or more violations during calendar year. The amount of the fine will be at least 10,000 rubles and 20% of the amount of unpaid tax (but not less than 40,000 rubles), if it resulted in an underpayment to the budget.

The contributions of entrepreneurs are insured

Better late than never. “Cleaning up” of banks continues this year, so this innovation may be useful. From 2014, entrepreneurs can count on the return of part of the funds placed on the accounts of the bank, which has revoked the license. The Deposit Insurance Agency was obliged to compensate not only individuals' deposits, but also deposits of individual entrepreneurs. The agency will refund the entire amount of the invoice, but not more than 700,000 rubles. Unfortunately, the innovation is not valid, provided that the bank was closed until 2014.

Account blocking

Since January 1, banks have lost the right to open new accounts for companies and individuals, as well as to grant the right to use new corporate electronic means of payment for electronic money transfers if there is a decision by the tax authority to suspend operations on the taxpayer’s accounts. Thus, if at least one settlement account of the company is blocked, then it will not be possible to open a new account in any bank that has a license of the Central Bank of the Russian Federation. Such a strict limitation will be in effect until bank employees receive a decision from the inspectors to cancel the account lock.

Empowerment of tax authorities

Since 2014, amendments to tax code, which extend the rights of tax authorities in case of desk audits. Now inspectors will more often request explanations and initial documentation from companies. The tax authorities will also be able to demand an explanation on the calculation of indicators if the company claimed a loss in the declaration or filed a revised declaration in which it reduced the amount of tax payable.

In addition, employees of the Federal Tax Service receive the right of access to the territory or to the premises of the taxpayer, which actually replaces cameral check outbound In general, the new provisions of the law significantly expand the powers of fiscal authorities, allowing them to demand not only information, but also documents outside the framework of tax control measures, which will increase the administrative burden and expenses of taxpayers associated with the preparation of documents.

Penalty for silence

If previously fines for failure to provide documents and information concerned only the taxpayer, now sanctions will also be imposed for failure to provide information about the counterparty counter check. A person who has violated the procedure provided for by article 93.1 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation may now be subject to two different types of fines: in case of failure to provide documents and in case of failure to provide information. Failure to provide tax authorities  The relevant information will entail a fine of 5 000 rubles. For the refusal to provide the requested during tax audit  the documents will be followed by a fine of 10,000 rubles for an entrepreneur and 1,000 rubles for a physical person. In addition, for each undelivered document will have to pay an additional 200 rubles.

Benefits for IT pros

Lease increase

A new procedure has been introduced for calculating the property tax of shopping centers, offices, restaurants and consumer services. If earlier these organizations paid tax based on the book value of the property, now they will pay tax on the basis of cadastral value. From January 1, the tax will be paid in a new way so far only by the owners of separately-standing shopping malls from 5,000 sq. M. m. located in Moscow and Moscow region. Here, work has already been done to determine the cadastral value of shopping centers, which made it possible to proceed to recalculate the tax. In Moscow, under new tax  about 2,000 shopping and business centers will fall. It is assumed that an increase in the tax burden will lead to an attempt by property owners to shift the tax burden to tenants by increasing the rental cost. Experts are also concerned about the opacity of the mechanism for calculating the cadastral value. Now businessmen can familiarize themselves with it only through the court, however, it may take months to consider their claims.

And all about how they affect our lives. Looking to the future!

Businessmen insure bills

From January 1, 2014, the deposit insurance system for individuals will be extended to individual entrepreneurs if their accounts or deposits are open for business activities. The amount of insurance compensation will be the same as for individuals - 700 thousand rubles. However, in line for payments, entrepreneurs will be second only to individuals.
  Bank cards will protect against fraudsters

From January 1, 2014, Russian banks are obliged to inform their clients about all transactions that are carried out with their bank cards, be it purchases, cash withdrawals or their crediting to the account. It is planned to do this mainly via SMS-alert and by e-mail. However, if the bank does not have a number mobile phone  client, the bank can block the card at any time.

From the new year, banks are obliged to return people the money deducted from the "plastic" without the consent of customers. The cardholder must have time to inform his bank of an unauthorized operation no later than the day following the moment of debiting.

For lack of registration they will fine

By law, registration at the place of stay must be made within 90 days from the date of check-in. Those who do not have registration and live in an apartment can be fined 2-3 thousand rubles. Owners of housing, where illegal immigrants live, will also pay a fine - 2-5 thousand rubles. For organizations, the amount of fines is much higher - from 250 to 750 thousand rubles. And for a fictitious registration of a citizen of Russia, a foreigner or stateless person will be punished with a fine in the amount of 100 thousand to 500 thousand rubles. It is also possible punishment in the form of forced labor for up to 3 years, or imprisonment for the same term.

You can’t buy SIM cards anymore

From January 1, 2014 in Russia tightened the rules for selling SIM-cards. Sims are prohibited from selling in non-stationary outlets that are not equipped for this purpose. However, this rule does not apply in case of sale of cards for subscribers specially organized for servicing vehicle. Illegal sellers will be punished with fines that will be up to 5 thousand rubles for citizens, for organizations - up to 200 thousand rubles.

According to the new law, the seller of a SIM-card is obliged to enter information about the buyer into the contract and send one copy of the signed contract to the telecom operator within 10 days from the moment of signing the contract.

Foreigners can not trade on the market

... and also to work as sellers in Russian pharmacies, in markets and in tents. Shops selling alcohol and beer can use up to 15% of foreigners from the total number of employees of the enterprise. Foreigners who work as sellers in Russian pharmacies selling in the markets and in tents should be fired no later than January 1, 2014.

Drug benefits will increase

Since January 1, 2014, the amount of payments to disabled children for preferential medicines and health food has been increased by 33 rubles. Recall that in 2013, the monetary reimbursement of the cost of medicines was 638 rubles per month, in 2014 - 671 rubles. The amount of the allowance is calculated taking into account the level of inflation. By the way, instead of preferential drugs you can get a refund.

Also from January 1, 2014 the amount of the allowance for burial will increase - it will amount to 5002 rubles. His payment is made if the appeal for him was followed no later than six months from the date of death. Recall that in 2013 the allowance for burial was 4,515 rubles. The size of payments is annually indexed on the basis of the predicted level of inflation.

For maternity capital you can buy a car

To purchase passenger car  domestic production with power up to 200 hp You can spend the regional maternity capital of 52,750 rubles. Money can be spent on the purchase of a bus with a similar engine power or sent to improve housing conditions, get an education for a child, pay for sanatorium-resort treatment or repair an apartment. Recall regional matkapital pay in the case of the birth of the third and subsequent children.

Luxury tax imposed

From January 1, 2014, owners of foreign cars pay an increased transport tax. The tax amount will be multiplied:

At a factor of 1.5 - for cars with a cost of 3 to 5 million rubles, since the release of which no more than a year has passed,
   by 1.3 - for cars with a cost from 3 to 5 million rubles, aged from one to two years,
   by 1.1 - for cars with a cost from 3 to 5 million rubles with ages from two to three years,
   by 2 - for cars with a cost from 5 to 10 million rubles, since the release of which no more than 5 years have passed,
   by 3 - for cars with a cost of 10 to 15 million rubles and more than 15 million rubles if no more than 10 and 20 years have passed since the release of the cars, respectively.

The list of cars whose owners are obliged to pay an increased transport tax will be published on the official website of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation.

Owners of minibuses will be fined

From May 9, 2014, foreigners working as drivers will be held accountable for the lack of Russian driver's licenses. The law concerns motorists who drive vehicles for commercial purposes, for example, drivers of minibuses. To monitor the implementation of the law should employers. Otherwise, they will face a fine of 50 thousand rubles. As for private vehicles, citizens of other countries will be able to drive them, as before, having only an international or national driver's license of their country.

You can't smoke in a cafe

From June 1, 2014 in Russia it will be prohibited to smoke in the premises of catering establishments, that is, in restaurants and bars. The same bans will take effect in long-distance trains, on ships in long voyages, in hotels, in markets, on railway platforms. In addition, the sale of cigarettes will be banned at train stations and airports, and movies that show smoking will have to be preceded by social videos about the dangers of tobacco.

Taxis will turn yellow

From July 1, 2014, all legal area taxi drivers must repaint their cars in yellow or white. Thus, all taxis in our region will have the same color scheme. Entrepreneurs should repaint the car body in the appropriate colors with their own funds.
  The school year will begin with a hymn.

On September 1, 2014, the anthem should be played before the first lesson on the day of the beginning of the new school year. This rule applies to all schools and professional educational organizations. Also during mass events, the national flag will decorate buildings of schools, lyceums, colleges, etc. In addition to educational institutions, the flag will also be displayed by sports and fitness facilities. And the anthem of the Russian Federation will be heard not only on September 1 in schools, but also at the opening of monuments and memorable signs and during events dedicated to state and municipal holidays.

There will be no medalists

In June 2014, graduates with honors will not receive a medal. The Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation decided to move away from tradition and will issue certificates to the most successful students with honors in the new color scheme: 9th grade students will receive purple certificates (they used to be coffee), and honors will receive a red certificate (previously - green). The certificate of graduates of the 11th grade will be blue-blue (previously - blue), and honors - red (previously - cherry).

Credit rates will limit

Since July 1, 2014, the total cost of a consumer loan or loan, taking into account all payments, will not be able to exceed by more than one third the established rate - the average market value. This indicator will be calculated quarterly by the Central Bank. The average value of the Central Bank will be published no later than 45 days before the beginning of the quarter. In addition, the borrower will be entitled to a refund without notifying the lender. This opportunity can be used within two weeks after processing the loan. True, the borrower will still have to pay interest, which managed to “run up”. Also, the law on consumer loans will restrict unscrupulous payers from annoying lender reminders. Banks will be banned from sending text messages from 10 pm to 8 am on weekdays and on weekends from 8 pm to 9 am.

Together with the date on the calendar on the first day of the New Year, Russian legislation is also changing. Traditionally, many legislative innovations take effect on January 1.

Federal laws.

Apartment tax

From January 1, 2014, Russians who own an apartment with an area of ​​more than 120 square meters will have to pay property tax.

The law provides for the gradation of tax rates depending on the type of property and its area. For apartments from 120 to 240 square meters and houses from 250 to 500 square meters, the local authorities will determine the rate. Its size should not exceed 1 percent of the minimum salary for each square meter of area more preferential.

In the event that a person owns different objects of real estate ranging from 370 to 740 square meters, he will pay a fixed rate - 1 percent of the minimum wage for each square meter of area above the preferential rate.

For even more real estate, there is a single rate - 2.7 percent of the minimum wage for each square meter of area above the preferential rate.

Since January 1, 2014, a number of amendments to laws and regulations come into force in Russia. SmartNews talks about innovations in Russian legislation.

On the first day of 2014, laws and regulations came into force in Russia concerning pensions, the minimum amount of labor, loans, transportation of children in buses and queues to kindergartens, bank cards, as well as visa relations and migrants.

Pensions and salaries.From January 1, the Russians bearing the title of Hero of Labor have a new benefit amount set at 50,500 rubles. According to the Ministry of Labor, additional payments to the Heroes of Labor are 15,300 rubles, and they are also entitled to a monthly cash payment of 35,200 rubles. The relevant law was adopted at the end of last year.

Entered into force and amendments to the law "On the minimum wage". Now the minimum wage will increase to 5,554 rubles per month.

Maternal capital.  Since January 1, 2014, the amount of maternity capital in Russia has increased by more than 20 thousand rubles compared to last year. Now the amount of payments is 429.4 thousand rubles. Families have a right to receive it, in which after January 1, 2007 a second child appeared (either the third child or subsequent children, if at the birth of the second child the right to receive these funds was not issued). The family can spend capital on improving housing conditions, increasing the cumulative pension of one of the parents, or the education of one of the children.

To pay off the maternity capital in 2014, the budget of the PFR allocated 300 billion rubles.

Baby. Since January 1 of the new year, all types of benefits for families with children have also been indexed in Russia. In particular, the size of the lump-sum allowance at the birth of a child will increase to 13.7 thousand rubles.

Credit cards.In the new realities begin to live and bank card users. The amendments to the law “On the National Payment System” entered into force. Credit institutions will be required to refund the funds stolen from the card without a hearing. That is, at first the bank should return the money to the card, and only then find out if it was a fraud. In addition, banks are now required to inform their customers about all card transactions.

Registration for the Russians.According to the so-called law on rubber flats, now for the violation of the rules of registration of Russians at the place of residence or stay criminal penalties are imposed - up to 3 years in prison. In addition, fictitious registration at the place of stay or residence can be punished with fines ranging from 100 to 500 thousand rubles or by forced labor for a period of 3 years.

New rules for the sale of SIM-cards.The new law prohibits the sale of SIM cards from the hands. Now it will be carried out only by licensed stationary points, and also only on the subscriber's passport, the data of which will be entered into the contract. Failure to comply with these rules will be punished with fines ranging from 2-5 thousand rubles for citizens to 100-200 thousand rubles for legal entities.

The Code on Administrative Offenses introduces an article on the residence of Russians in an apartment without registering and allowing such residence by the owner of the dwelling more than the prescribed period. For this, tenants will have to pay a fine of 2-3 thousand rubles, and the owners of the apartments themselves - from 2 to 5 thousand.

Russian citizens living in Moscow will suffer from this law. They rent apartments, but the owners do not register. Thank you for at least doing relief for relatives, my husband and I live in my father's apartment without registering. Why register if the apartment then pay not 2 thousand, but 5 thousand, despite the fact that we have counters.

Transportation of children in buses.From January 1, 2014, changes regarding the organized transportation of children in buses entered into force. According to the decree of the Government of the Russian Federation “On Amendments to the Road Traffic Regulations of the Russian Federation”, the transportation of a group of children more than eight people is prohibited in minibuses. New rules also oblige to feed children if they are on the road for more than three hours, and transportation of children under the age of seven years for more than four hours is prohibited. In addition, at night (from 23:00 to 6:00) organized transportation of a group of children is allowed only to railway stations, airports and from them, as well as during a delay on the way.

Kindergartens.From the new year, at the federal level, an electronic queue is launched in kindergartens. The authorities expect that the innovation will ensure the transparency of the queue, will allow to take into account the online parental fee online, as well as to control in the direction of children in kindergartens.

Visa relations. Migrants.Since January 1, Russia and South Korea have switched to a visa-free regime for short trips. Now, citizens of both countries will be able to visit the Russian Federation and South Korea on regular international passports for up to 60 days. At the same time, the maximum period of stay in the territory of a friendly country without a visa is not more than 90 days during each period of 180 days. True, the abolition of visas does not apply to those who come to work or study. The agreement on the joint abolition of the visa regime was signed during the visit of Russian President Vladimir Putin to Seoul in November last year.