Who rules after Vsevolod are a big nest. Prince is a big nest. Last years of Vsevolod Yuryevich

Vsevolod Yuryevich is a big nest (in the baptism of Dmitry, 1154 - 15 April 1212) - Grand Duke Vladimir from 1176, within five weeks (from February to March 24, 1173) was the Grand Duke Kiev. The tenth Son of Yuri Dolgoruky, Andrei Bogolyubsky's one-tractor brother, Mother Byzantic. He had a big offspring - 12 children (including 8 sons), so he got a nickname "a large nest". In Russian historiography is sometimes called Vsevolod III.

Rostovtsy and Suzdalians did not feed the sympathy for Andrey Bogolyubsky, for he did not honor the oldest cities of North-Eastern Russia, giving preference to the young city by Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Vladimir was populated predominantly simple people living with construction craft.
"That our chokes are bricklayers," the spectal residents of Rostov and Suzdal responded about Vladimirtsi. After the death of Andrei, they gave the grand-bed "table" not his son to his Yuri, who ruled then in Novgorod, but nephews Yaropolku and Mstislav Rostislavichi. Vladimirzi also invited the younger brother Andrei Bogolyubsky - Mikhail Yurevich.

It immediately caused hostility between old and new cities. Rostislavichi, attaching Murom, Pereyaslavsky, Ryazan, was asked by Vladimir to their squads. Vladimirtsi could not resist for a long time and, having survived the seven weeks of the siege, asked Prince Mikhail to leave the city. So Yaropolk established himself in the Vladimir table, and Mstislav became Prince Rostov and Suzdal.

New princes behaved in the northeast capital as conquerors. Yaropolk, for example, on the first day of stay in Vladimir, took possession of the keys from the village of Assumption Cathedral, took away the land from the Cathedral, complained by Andrei Bogolyubsky, and eventually gave the main shrine of the city - the icon of the Vladimir Mother of God - Ryazan Prince Gleb. Did not lag behind the prince in progress and squad.

The inhabitants of Vladimir again called for Mikhail Yurevich's jurisdiction. His army managed to defeat his friend Rostislavichi, and the Grand Duke Mikhail "with honor and glory" joined the capital city ..

The first thing he did by entering the Vladimir throne, - returned the church of the audit of the Virgin all the property and privileges selected by Yaropolk. It was returned to Vladimir and miraculous icon. Thus, the prince won sincere sympathy of citizens.

But for a short time Vladimir residents continued: in 1176, Mikhail died. Residents of the city were friendly on the loyalty to his brother Vsevolod Yuryevich.

The fate of Vsevolod initially evaluated. Andrei Bogolyubsky's referee in Byzantium, he was filled with his mother and two brothers for several years, then returned to his homeland and reigned, according to some information, in the city.

Having told the Vladimir Prestrol, Vsevolod Yuryevich Rules of 36 years, all these years continuing the policy of Brother Andrei, expanding and strengthening Vladimir-Suzdal Principality. He had to be pacified and his own subjects, since, unlike the South Rus, where the princely childbirth was bent (with an indifferent attitude of the urban population), in the northeast there was a struggle of the old towns of Rostov and Suzdal against the young: Vladimir, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Yuryev - Polish, Moscow and others.

Immediately, at the station Vsevolod, Rostovtsov called for Mustlaw Rostislavich, proclaimed him by the prince and demanded to subordinate Vladimir. Careful Vsevolod was ready to settle the world. But the negotiations went to a dead end, I had to fight. In the battle near Yuriev, Vladimir residents broke the army of Mstislav. So it was finally conquered by the Great Rostov.

Mstislav could not accept this and asked for help to Gleb, Ryazan Prince. And again, Vsevolod Yuryevich won the recalcitrant rods, capturing the Mstislava himself, Gleb and Son of his novel. The joy of victory did not coordinate the fierce, which has accumulated among the residents of Vladimir against the captured princes. "The court without the grace of someone who himself did not know the mercy," they carried out the sentence.

To calm the citizens, Vsevolod concluded prisoners to prison and forced Ryazantians to give him Mstislavov Brother Yaropolk. But he did not want to shed blood Rurikovich. Especially since Svyatoslav, Prince Chernigovsky, and Bishop Chernigov, and Ryazan Princess were asked for prisoners. For two years, Vsevolod delayed the decision of the fate of the prisoners of princes. During this time, Ryazan Prince Gleb died, and his son was released home under the condition of complete humility to the great prince.

With Rostislavichi - Yaropolk and Mstislav - it turned out otherwise. Vladimirtsy, having learned that negotiations go about their liberation, approached the princely yard demanding to blind hated sprouts. I had to make the will of the rioty residents, after which Rostislavichi was released in Smolensk. (For other information, peace-loving Vsevolod only imitated blinding, because the former prisoners would soon "transcribes", praying in the Church of the Saints Boris and Gleb.)

Thus, Vsevolod Yuryevich managed to approve his power in the North-East and finally consolidate the primacy of Vladimir-on-Klyazma. Vsevolod first accepted the title of Grand Prince Vladimirsky. At the end of the XII century, he founded the city of Tver and Khlynov (Vyatka) and forced to obey Ryazan princes. In order to avoid interne-friendly, Vsevolod, following the example Andrey Bogolyubsky, drove the nephews from their volosts and became "self-leveling" in Northeast Russia.

Boris Chorikov. The delicious prince Vsevolod relies from the dungeon of the novel. 1177 year.

Not leaving the shores of Klyazma, Vsevolod of Rules and South Rus. There, after the death of Bogolyubsky, the enmity of Monomakhov and the descendants of Oleg Gorislavich, complicated by straightening inside these dynasties, flared up. The Kiev "table" continued to be considered great, but no ruler felt himself confident without a favorable attitude towards himself Prince Vladimirsky. In 1194, the Smolensky Prince Rurik Rostislavich, a "from the hand" of Vsevolod, was planted at Zlatstol, who was unconditionally recognized by the seniority of the Vladimirsky Prince.

Emphasing, Vsevolod has the most powerful and Mr. Great Novgorod. He saved his will and shifted by the princes there, violated the Novgorod "Starin", innocently executed the Novgorod "best people." In 1210, Novgorod did not recognize the ruler of the Son of the Grand Prince Vsevolod, Svyatoslav, and loosened him. Vsevolod in retaliation of the presets of the message of Novgorod with bread areas and left the city without food. Then the Novgorod men provided the help of Prince Mstislav Mstislavich remote, the grandson of Smolensky Prince Rostislav, the great-grandfather of Monomakh. He was already ready to oppose Vsevolod, but he did not bring the case before the war and limited himself to the exchange of prisoners.

Even in the distant Galician Rusi, the hands of the Vladimir "Self-Lastz" were felt. When the son of Yaroslav Osmomyslla, Prince Vladimir, with the help of foreign mercenaries he expelled the son of the Hungarian king from Galich, to strengthen in the city, asked Vsevolod Yuryevich: "Hold Galich's under me, and I always and yours and you always" .

The authority of the powerful Vsevolod was supported by the valor of his troops and the successability of a brave ruler in battles. Usually he tried to settle the conflict peacefully, but it came to the swords, the calculating prince did not rush, like Bogolyubsky, sowing head at the head of the squad in the battle "without time and place." Vsevolod chopped in advance the convenient, dominant position and patiently waited for the enemy patiently. Reset it from that position was very difficult. No wonder by the author of "Words about the regiment of Igor" complained about the absence of Vsevolod in South Rus to the godine of Princely Designers and Polovtsy raids: "The Grand Duke Vsevolod! Is it really mentally you do not fly from afar, the father's golden table foul? You can easily spill a Volga oars, and don's helmets pull out! "

The years of the reign of Vsevolod, a large nest turned out to be beneficial to Northeast Russia. There were no raids, and the domestic strife was overcome. It was a period when the economy and the culture of the Zalesskaya Land developed intensively. An excellent monument of that era is the Dmitrievsky Cathedral in Vladimir, "diverse decorated" by carving on stone. Strict and majestic, the temple resembles a fabulous heter, the energous boundary of the native land. And if the church of the cover on the nerve can be compared with a lyrical poem, then Dmitrievsky Cathedral - the epics about severe and heroic time.

Ordered by Dimitri-Vsevoloda icon with the image of the Holy Testered

Not only temples, but also civil structures were erected out of the stone. For Vsevolod, the stone fortifications of Oboyasali Vladimir, Suzdal, Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, Chernihivsky island. "Architects" were mostly the Greeks, but the masters and among Russian people gradually began to appear: the residents of Rostov and Suzdal were not called skillful in the architecture of Vladimir residents "Masonicians." When I had to update the Church of the Virgin in Suzdal, then in this city there were also architects, and stone, craftsmen.

Vsevolod Yuryevich nicknamed the "big nest" for his numerous family. He had twelve children. And all the sons of their own he tried to endow the patrimony. From Vsevolodovichi, the dynasty of Moscow, Suzdal, Tver Princes went. And again dividing the Earth for the Ducks, Vsevolod sowed a piece between the brothers. The disastrous shoots of this hostility began to germinate in his life.

In 1212, the Grand Duke, already seriously ill, caused the Grand Son of Konstantin from Rostov, from Rostov. Vsevolod read him to heirs and ordered to give way to Rostov Brother Yuri. Konstantin was preparing, as he was afraid not to keep seniority for Vladimir-on-Klyazma, and asked the Father to leave both cities behind him. The angry Vsevolod, on the advice of the bishop, deprived the eldest son of the Grand-Magnish table, and Yuri Vsevolodovich was appointed successor to his successor. In April of the same year, Vsevolod, a large nest died.
But only in 1218, the prince of Yuri managed to take power over the elder brother and master the visive throne. This was finally broken by the old tradition of inheritance of power on seniority. From now on, the will of the "uniform" began to mean more than the age-old "old".

Family and Children

1st wife - Yaskaya Princess Maria Svwarovna, sister of Mstislav Chernigov's wife.

Maria Schwarovna (OK.1171 - 19 March 1205 (1206), G.Vladimir) - the wife of the Grand Prince Vladimir Vsevolod a big nest, Yaskaya Princess (in later sources is mistakenly called Czech).

In marriage with Great Prince, Vsevolod Yuryevich (Georgievich) gave birth to 12 children, including 8 sons (from which four (Konstantin, Yuri (Georgy), Yaroslav, Svyatoslav), were in the future, at different times, great princes Vladimirsky) and 4 daughter.

The last years of his life, the Great Princess Maria was seriously sick and gave a vow to establish a monastery, and in 1200 in her insistence in Vladimir, the Assumption Monastery was laid, which became referred to in her honor to the Assumption (Princess) monastery. Thanks to its efforts and the patronage, the monastery was quickly built and developed. Mary itself accepted the victim and the name of Marfa received in the monastic. He died and buried in the Assumption Cathedral of the monastery. The monastery was later served by the tribal tomb of the Princess and the princedogen of the Vladimirsky grand-road house.

2nd wife - Lyubava, daughter Vasilka Bryachchivich Polotsk-Vitebsk.

Konstantin (1186-1218) - Novgorod Prince, Rostov Prince and Grand Duke Vladimir;

Boris († 1188);

Gleb († 1189);

Yuri (1188-1238) - Grand Duke Vladimir;

Yaroslav (1191-1246) - Grand Duke Vladimir;

Vladimir (1193-1227) - Prince Starodubsky;

Vladimir (Dmitry) Vsevolodovich (October 26, 1192 - January 6, 1227), Specific Prince Pereyaslavsky (1213-1215), Starodubsk (1217-1227), the son of the Grand Duke Vladimir Vsevolod is a great nest and Princess Mary Schwarovna.

At the age of 15, he accompanied his father in a campaign on Chernihiv, after the death of Vsevolod, a large nest (1212) remained in Yuryev-Polsky. Upon the will of the situation, after the death of the Father, the situation was forced to participate in the civil war of the older brothers: Konstantin and Yuri (George).

In 1213, he left Yuryeva (as Yuriev-Polsky was received by Svyatoslav, Yuriev-Polsky) first in Lamsky's wolves, and then to Moscow and took it, taken from Yuri (George) Vsevolodovich. Later, together with his buddy and Muscovites, I went to Dmitrov (the city of His brother Yaroslav Vsevolodovich). Dmitrovtsy burned all the pans, got into the fortress and beat off all attacks. Vladimir, having received the news about the approach of the Friendly of Yaroslav, left the city back to Moscow, having lost some of his squad, which Dmitrovsky, who was killed behind the retreating. Yaroslav, together with Yuri (George), went to Moscow, and Prince Yuri (Georgy) Vsevolodovich sent to say Vladimir: ... "Come to me, do not be afraid, I do not eat you, you are my brother." Vladimir accepted the proposal and during the talks the brothers decided that Vladimir would give Moscow back to Yuri (Georgia), and he himself would go to Pereyaslavl-South. Here, Vladimir married the Prince of Efimi - Daughters of Prince Chernihiv Gleb Svyatoslavich and reigned until 1215, when he was captured in the battle of Polovtsy, from which he was released in 1218. After the liberation from the captivity, he received the Starodub in the Welcome, where he reigned to his death.

According to the Lavrentiva chronicles, Vladimir in 1224, together with the nephew Vsevolod Konstantinovich, was sent by Brother Yuri to a military campaign, however, the goal of the chronicle does not indicate, putting an event between the delivery in Kiev Metropolitan Kirill (which happened on January 6, 1225) and the large-scale invasion of Lithuanians in Novgorod The land and the Smolensk principality ended with the battle under consideration (until spring 1225). Novgorod chronicles report that Vladimir with his son, headed by Yaroslav, was participating against Lithuanians, but nothing about children knows nothing about children. Perhaps we are talking about the brother of Mstislava, by Vladimir Mstislavich and his Son Yaroslav.

Vladimir died, adopting Schima, in 1227. Principality Starodubskoy again entered the lands of the Grand Duchy of Vladimirsky.

Svyatoslav (1196-1252) - Grand Duke Vladimir;

Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich (March 27, 1196 - February 3, 1252) - Grand Prince Vladimirsky (1246-1248), Son of Vsevolod Yuryevich, in the baptism of Gabriel. During his life, Prince Svyatoslav printed in Novgorod, Pereslavl-Zalessky, Suzdal, Vladimir.

He was appointed a four-year-old child to the reign in Novgorod, and then was replaced by elder brother, Konstantin in 1206 and again returned to Novgorod in 1208

In 1212, by the death of his father, Svyatoslav received the city of Yuryev-Polsky in the duel. With his reign in 1230-1234, Georgiyevsky Cathedral was built on the foundation of the Belogian Church of St. Great Martyr, "Wonderful Zelo, Velmi decorated with a row stone from the sole and up to the top of the saints and holidays, and the Be Master itself." In the cathedral there is a relief composition, called the tradition of the "Svyatoslav Cross", at the base of which there is a stone with an inscription-dedication of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich.

In 1220, Svyatoslav at the head of the Vladimir troops was sent by the eldest brother Yury against the Volga Bulgarian. The expedition was river and ended with the victory of Russian troops from Oshl.

In 1222, Svyatoslav at the head of the Vladimir troops was sent by Yuri to the rescue of Novgorod and their prince Vsevolod, the son of Yuri. A 12-thousand Russian army in alliance with Lithuanians invaded the territory of the Order and ruined the surroundings of Venden.

In 1226, Svyatoslav, together with the younger brother Ivan, at the head of the Vladimir troops was sent by Yuri against the Morder and won.

In 1229, Svyatoslav was sent by Yuri to Pereyaslavl-South.

In 1234, Svyatoslav laid in Yuryev-Polish Church of St. George.

In 1238, took part in the battle of City. From the Vladimir's throne of Brother Yaroslav received a Suzdal Principality in the waters.

In 1246, Yaroslav died, and Svyatoslav occupied the grand permanent throne in the old law of inheritance. His nephews, seven sons of Yaroslav, he distributed according to the principality, but Yaroslavichi remained unhappy with this distribution. In 1248, he was expelled by his nephew Mikhail Yaroslavich Khorb, who soon died in battle with Lithuanians on the River Prove. Then Svyatoslav himself smashed Lithuanians from Kutsov. Vladimir Prince on the will of Yaroslav and the will of the Guyuk got Andrei Yaroslavich.

In 1250, Svyatoslav with his son Dmitry went to the Horde. According to the historian A. V. specimen, it was an unsuccessful trip with an attempt to return the grand mining throne. Historian V. A. Kuchkin notes that although the chronicles do not speak explicitly about the purpose of this trip, such travel of Russian princes with the sons of heirs to Khanam usually accomplished when they were consolidated by Rurikovichi their principalitys. Considering that the grandson of Svyatoslav has already wore the nickname Yuryevsky, Kuchkin makes the assumption that by that time Svyatoslav owned the Yuryevsky principality.

After a short great renovation in Vladimir, Prince Svyatoslav returned to Yuryev-Polish. Here he founded the male princely monastery in honor of Archangel Mikhail.

The last days of their lives of Holy Prince lived godly, in post and prayer, purity and repentance. Died on February 3, 1252. His body was put in the Cathedral of the Saint Great Martyr George constructed by him. The relics of the Saint Prince of Svyatoslav were again acquired in 1991 and put in the Holy Pokrovsky church of the city of Yuryev-Polish "Idess and to now lie by God's dishes and the healing of the gift with faith commenced."

Marriage and children
Spouse - Princess Evdokia Davydovna Muromskaya, Daughter of Prince Muromsky Davyd Yuryevich and his wife Prince Fevronia (in Euphrosynia's monasticist), who are honored by the Holy Peter and Fevronia, family patrons in Russia.

Evdokia's wife, Prince Svyatoslav let go in 1228 to the Murom Borisoglebsky monastery, where she was tonsured in a monk on July 24 on the holiday of Boris and Gleb. In the monastery, Prince lived to the very death and was buried in it, the remains are there now.

Son: Dmitry, according to the old saints, worshiped as a holy

Ivan (1198-1247) - Prince Starodubsky.

Ivan Vsevolodovich (August 28, 1197/1198 - 1247) - Specific Prince Starodubsky from 1238 to 1247. Nickname, for some pedigree, porridge, junior from the sons of Vsevolod Yuryevich (great nest).
After the death of his father, he took part in the struggle of his senior brothers, Konstantin and Yuri, for a grand-road table, holding the side of the second (1212-1213).

In 1226, together with the elder brother, Svyatoslav headed a successful campaign of the Vladimir troops on Mordv.

After the invasion of Batiya, the Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich gave Ivan's fleet to the Tatars of Starub. In 1246 Ivan traveled with Yaroslav in the Horde.
He had a sole son (wife was not installed) - Mikhail.

***

History of Russian Goverment

Xi. Andrey Bogolyubsky. Vsevolod is a big nest and his sons

(continued)

Disorder. - The struggle of uncle with nephews and rivalry of senior cities with younger. - Mikhail Yurievich. - Vsevolod is a big nest. - His Zemskaya and foreign policy. - boyars. - Bulgarian campaign. - Fires and buildings. - Family matters. - nephew. - Begging with the eldest son.

Princely gravestics after the death of Andrei Bogolyubsky

The riots who followed the killing of Andrei were summoned in the best, most wealthy, part of the population. The desire to stop the invincible. Calculate the princes, without which ancient Russia could not imagine and present the existence of any public order, but in particular any external security. Vladimir came to the boyars and the warriors from Rostov, Suzdal, Pereyaslavl and together with Vladimir a friend began to be reported: Which of the descendants of Yuri Dolgoruky to call on the reign. Many votes pointed to the need to hurry this case, because the neighboring princes, Murom and Ryazan, perhaps, take up to revenge for her previous oppression from Suzdal and come to Reli, taking advantage that there is no prince in Suzdal Earth. Fear it was fair; For the Ryazan table was sitting at that time a harsh, enterprising prince Gleb Rostislavich. There is even a reason to assume that the troubled troubles in the Suzdal Earth and the melt of Andrei Bogolyubsky occurred not without some participation of Gleb Ryazan, with its supporters and relatives. At the congress, Vladimir we find His ambassadors, it is two Ryazan boyars Dedillas and Boris.

In addition to the young son of Yuri Novgorod, after Andrei, two younger brothers were left, Mikhail and Vsevolod, who had to him on his father's brothers, and not by the mother, being born from the second wife of Dolgoruky. He also had two nephews, Mstislav and Yaropolk Rostislavichi. Under the influence of Ryazan ambassadors, most of the congress bent on the side of the nephews, who had to Churymi Gleb Ryazansky; Since he was married to their sister. The congress sent several husbands to the Ryazan prince with a request to join them also his ambassadors and send everyone together for his Churni. And the brothers, and the nephews of Andrei at that time they lived at the Chernyov Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich. Obviously, not all the susive people wished nephews; Some have even remembered the oath, this Dolgoruk, to plant the smaller sons at its desk. In addition, the Chernihiv Prince is more patronized by Yurevichi, rather than Rostislavichi. Therefore, it was settled so that all four prince went to the Rostov-Suzdal Earth to pronounce in her; The elderness was recognized as Mikhalkom Yuryevich; What they sworn in front of the Bishop Chernigov. Mikhalko and one of Rostislavichi, Yaropolk, went ahead. But when they reached Moscow, they met the new embassy here, actually from Rostovtsev who declared Mikhalka to wait in Moscow, and Yaropolk was invited to go further. Obviously, Rostovtsov did not like the Chernihiv Treaty on the joint prince of Yuryevichi with Rostislavichi and the seniority of Mikhalik. But Vladimirtsy took the latter and put it on their desk.

Then the struggle or civil uncle with nephews began - the struggle, curious in particular in various attitudes towards her Suzdal cities. The oldest of them, Rostov, of course, looked at the preference of displeasure, which Andrei provided the youngest to Vladimir. Now it has come for Rostovtsev, it seemed that a convenient time to turn his previous primary importance and humble the Vladimir. Calling him with his "suburb", Rostovtsov demanded that he would comply with their decisions, following the example of other Russian lands: "For the Novgorod, Smolnyan, Kievans, Polokhan and all the authorities, and all the authorities, agree on the duma, and what the oldest will put on that and suburbs will become. " Rostovtsov said irritated pride: "After all, these are our chokes and bricklayers; burn Vladimir or put it in it again of our plain." In this struggle on the side of Rostov, there was another senior city, Suzdal; And Pereyaslavl-Zalessky discovered oscillation between opponents. Rostovtsy and Suzdals collected a big army, they received more help from Muromsians and Ryazantsev, besieged Vladimir, and after stubborn defense, they forced him to comply with their decision. Mikhalko retired again in Chernihiv; In Rostov, Senior Rostislavich Mstislav, and in Vladimir younger Yaropolk. These young, inexperienced princes completely obeyed the influence of Rostov boyars, who were in a hurry to enrich themselves at the expense of the people with all sorts of increasing and oppression. In addition, Rostislav led the South Russian warriors with him, who also received Places of Pames and Tiunov and also began to threaten the people with sales (foams) and visions. The advisers of Yaropolk captured even the keys from the storage room of the Assumption Cathedral, began to plunder his treasures, take away from him the village and Dani, approved by Andrei. Yaropolk allowed his ally and silent Gleb Ryazansky to take possession of some church jewels, somehow: books, vessels and even the miraculous icon of the Virgin.

When the political pride of Vladimirtsev was not only offended, but also affected their religious feeling, then they had come across more energy and again encouraged Yuryevich from Chernigov. Mikhalko appeared with the Chernihiv auxiliary squad and expelled Rostislavichi from the Suzdal Earth. Grateful Vladimir, he again approved the main princess table in it; And Brother Vsevolod put in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. Rostov and Suzdal were again humiliated without receiving a special prince. Mikhalko lived for a long time in South Rus and was distinguished by the roasted feats, especially against Polovtsy. Correcting in Vladimir, he immediately forced Gleb Ryazan to turn the main shrine Vladimirskaya, i.e. The icon of the Virgin, and all that was kidnapped by him from the Assumption Temple.

But in the next 1177, Mikhalko died, and in Vladimir, the junior Yuryevich Vsevolod. Rostov boyars tried to challenge Vladimir's championship again and again called Rostyslavichi to the reign. The same Gleb Ryazan was acted as a zealous ally. He with hired crowds of Polovtsy entered the Suzdal Earth, burned Moscow, directly rushed through the forests to Vladimir and plundered Bogolyubov with his Christmas temple. Meanwhile, Vsevolod, having received help from Novgorod and Svyatoslav Chernigov, went to Ryazan land; But, hearing that Gleb already ruins the neighborhood of his capital, hurried back and met the enemy on the banks of the river the bells, flowing to the left in Klyazma. Gleb suffered here full defeat, I was captured and soon died in conclusion. Both Rostislavich were also captured by Vsevolod; But then, at the request of the Chernihiv Prince, they were released to relatives in Smolensk.

Vsevoloda Board is a big nest

Such a brilliant victory began his jurisdiction of Vsevolod III on the nickname, a large nest, who again connected in his hands all the Rostov-Suzdal Earth.

Youth spent his Vsevolod in different places, in the midst of a variety of circumstances and change in his fate, which a lot contributed to the development of his practical, flexible mind and government abilities. By the way, still after the dietary, he and his mother and his brothers (expected Andrei from Suzdal) stayed for some time in Byzantium, where many instructive impressions could take away; Then he lived for a long time in South Rus, where the skill of the ratal case. With the hand of the Kramol Rostovtsev victory over the hostile neighbor, Ryazan Prince, and the final elevation of Vladimirtsev Vsevolod from the very beginning was their favorite; His successes they attributed to the special patronage of their shrine, the miraculous icon of the Virgin. The behavior of Vsevolod at the first time of his reign is with a shade of some softness and goodness. After the victory on Kolchak, Vladimir boyars and merchants barely raised the rebellion for the fact that the prince left the freedom of prisoners of Rostovtsev, Suzdaltsev and Ryazantsev; To satisfy the excitement, he was forced to sear them in prisons. Something similar was repeated several years later, at the siege of the Novgorod suburbs, the tricks: when the prince slowed down the attack, as it would be a sparing city, his squad began to rapid, saying: "We have not kicked up with them," and the prince was forced to take the city on the shield. From the same data of historians, we have the full right to conclude that some prominent features in the activities of the famous Seversal Prince, in addition to his personal nature, was caused by the environment, the nature of the North Suign.

Obviously, an unsuccessful end, which has suffered an attempt by Andrey to introduce complete self-deficiency, according to the natural historical law, led the so-called. The reaction in favor of those whom he tried to completely subjugate his will, i.e. in favor of the boyar and squad. During the interdudes, the incident after his death, Rostov and Suzdal boyars were defeated and humiliated, but only in order to join their winners, boyars and vigilantes Vladimir, and have common interests with them. As in other areas of Russia, the city is northeast during these stems, they detect devotion to their princess (the offspring of long-friendly) and do not name the princes from any other branch. But they also do not plant them on their own table certainly, but only on a well-known row, or contract. So, regarding the oppressed oppression of the people from the sucked warriors, Yaropolki Rostislavich Vladimirtsy began to create the Wern, which was said in such a sense: "We accepted the prince in our will, and approved with him with crusted kissing; and this (Southurussians) does not fit with it We and rob someone else's parish. Industion, brothers! " In the same way, not without a number of Vladimirtsy, Mikhalik, and then Vsevolod. This series, of course, was confirmed by old customs providing advantage of military estate or boyars and squads, as well as some of the rights of Zemsky people in relation to court and management. Consequently, in Northeast Russia, we see the same customs and relationships of the squad to their princes, as in South, the same urban wwes. However, all the northern princes, to Vsevolod inclusive, spent part of their lives in South Rus, had possessions there and led them to the north of many South Russians, including Kiev. North Russia was still fed by the Kiev customs and legends, so to speak, Kiev citizenship.

At the same time, however, they begin to speak outwards and those features of the differences, which later developed and told Northeast Russia another shade comparatively with Russia Kiev. Boyars and squad in the north receive a shade more Zemsky than in the south, more settled and landowner; They are closer to other classs and do not represent such a predominance in the root strength, as in the south. Like the Novgorod, the Suzdal militia is the advantage of Zemskaya Raint, with boyars and a friend at the chapter. The northeast squad less separates its benefits from the interests of the Earth; It rallies with the rest of the population and more promotes princes in their political and economic concerns. In a word, in Northeast Russia, we see the earrings of more state relations. Some features of the Suzdal boyars seemed to recalled the ambitious desires of the modern boyars of Galitsky. But in the north it could not find the same favorable soil for his claims. The population here was distinguished by a less impressionable and movable, more reasonable character; In the neighborhood there were no thieves and Poles, the relationship with which was powered and maintained internal cramoles. On the contrary, as soon as the Suzdal land calmed down under the solid, intelligent rule of Vsevolod III, the Northern Boyars did a diligent assistant. Being cool and cautiously his older brother, Vsevolod not only did not enter into an open fight against the boyfriend, but caressed him, observed old customs and relationships and enjoyed his advice in Zemsky affairs. In the face of Vsevolod III, in general, we see Prince, who presented a wonderful sample of the Northern, or Great Russian, character, an active, calculating, domic, capable of steady persecution of his goal, to a cruel or soft way of action, depending on circumstances, in one word, those features which built the state building of the Great Russia.

Fighting Vsevolod with neighboring principles

When the troubles caused by the killing of Andrei ended, and Vsevolod restored the one in the Rostov-Suzdal principality, then it turned out the opportunity and restore his predominance over the neighboring Russian regions, Novgorod, on the one hand, and Muromo Ryazan, on the other. The desire for this prevail was not one of the personal matter of the Vladimir Prince, but also his boyars, squads and people who were aware of their advantage in the power and managed to get used to such a predominance in Yuri Dolgoruk and Andrei Bogolyubsky. In the review of Novgorod History, we saw how Vsevolod managed to place a Suzdal influence in Veliky Novgorod and give him princes from his hands. He achieved even more decisive prevalence in the Ryazan region. This area after Gleb, who deceased in Vladimir Captation, was divided by his sons who recognized themselves depending on the Vsevolod and themselves sometimes turned to him for the decision of their disputes. But here, Suzdal influence faced the influence of Chernihiv, as Ryazan princes were the youngest branch of Chernigov. Vsevolod had to raise up with his benefactra, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, who considered himself the head of not only the Chernigovo-Seversk princes, but also Ryazan, intervened in their distribution, and also supported Novgorod the Great in his fight against Suzdal and planted his son there. It came to the open break.

The Chernihiv Prince, together with Seversk datashes and hired Polovtsy, made a trip to the Suzdal Earth. Near the mouth of the Tvers with them, Novgorod, who brought His Son (Vladimir) was connected. Having devastated the preassers of Volga, Svyatoslav, not reaching the forty miles to Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, met Vsevolod III, which, except for the Suzdal regiments, had auxiliary squad of Ryazan and Murom. Despite the impatience around him, careful and calculating as the starved North Prince, Vsevolod did not want to risk a decisive battle with South Russian regiments, known to military removal; And he began to expect an enemy behind the river Vlain (the left dock of Dubna, flowing into the Volga). He placed his camp on its steep shores in the area crossed by ravines and hills. Two weeks stood both troops, looking at each other from the opposite shore. Vsevolod ordered Ryazan princes to make an unexpected night attack. Ryazans burst into the camp of Svyatoslav and produced confusion there. But when Vsevolod Trubchevskiy arrived to the help of Chernihivmen ("Buu-Tour" "" Words about Igor's regiment "), Ryazans turned to flight, losing a lot of killed and prisoners. In vain, Svyatoslav sent to Vsevolod with a proposal to solve the case by the court of God and asked for this to retreat from the shore, so that it was possible to cross. Vsevolod delayed ambassadors and answered nothing. Meanwhile, Spring was approaching: afraid of waters, Svyatoslav threw a traffic and hurried to leave (1181). Next year, the rivals restored the old friendship and threatened with the marriage of one of the sins of Svyatoslav on the presenter of Vsevolod, Princess Yaskaya. And soon then (in 1183), when Vsevolod has conceived a campaign on Kamsky Bulgarians and asked Svyatoslav about help, he sent him a detachment with his son Vladimir.

Hike Vsevolod on Kamsky Bulgarian

Sia last War There was due to the robbery, which was subjected to the Bulgarian ships on the ocean and the Volga from the Ryazan and Murom Praights. Without receiving satisfaction for the resentment, Bulgarians armed a ship to ruffle, in turn devastated the surroundings of Murom and reached the Ryazan himself. The campaign of Vsevolod III was therefore had the importance of the general defense of the Russian land from the interempines. In addition to the Suzdal, Ryazan and Murom regiments, Chernihiv and Smolnyan took part in it. Up to eight princes came across Vladimir-on-Klyazma. The Grand Duke had fun with his guests for several days, and then on May 20 made them hike. Suzdaltsy Klyazma went down to OKU and there were connected with the Allied shelves. The cavalry went by the field past Mordovian villages, and ships walked around the Volga. To reach the same Volga island, called Isada, the princes stopped here under the cover of predominantly Belozer's squad with the Voivodo Fomu Laskovich; And with the rest of Reli and with the Connection entered the Earth of Silver Bulgaria. With the near Mordovsky tribes, the Grand Duke concluded the world, and those willingly sold the Russian troops. Dear Russian unexpectedly joined the Polovtsian detachment, which was given by one of the Bulgarian princes against his tribesmen. Obviously, in Kama Bulgaria, there were the same interbobes, as in Russia, and the Bulgarian structures also poured into their land of steppe barbarians. The Russian army approacted to the "Great City", that is, to the main capital. Young princes squatted to the most gates and fought with the erect infantry strengthened near them. Especially distinguished himself with his courage, the nephew of Vsevolod Izyaslav Glebovich; But the enemy boom pierced him through the armor under the heart, so he was referred to the Russian Stan. The deadly wound of the beloved nephew strongly saddled the Vsevolod; He stood ten days under the city; And without taking it, went back. Meanwhile, Belozers, who remained under the vessels, were attacked by the Owl Bulgarians who sailed the Volga from the cities of the Hoble and Cherta; More than more Bulgarians were connected with them, and the cavalry from the knapsack; The number of attackers extended to 5000. The enemies were broken. They hurried to go on their participants; But the Russian roots pursued them and fused more than 1000 people. Russian infantry has grown home in the same order, i.e. on ships; And the cavalry also went through the land of the Mordov, with which this time did not cost without hostile clashes.

The body of the deceased dear Izyaslav Glebovich was brought to Vladimir and buried in the Zlatovic Temple of the Virgin. His brother, Vladimir Glebovich, as we saw, reinforced in South Pereyaslavl and distinguished himself with his heroism in the invasion of Konchak Polovtsy. If not about these Glebovichi, then Ryazan is remembered by the "Word about the regiment of Igor", when he refers to the power of the Suzdal Prince: "The Grand Prince in Vsevolod! You boat the Volga Obliga will parsion, but dong shelly clutch. You would have been (here), it would have been chaga (prisoner) on my feet, and Koshii on Risen. You boat with live serechers (throwing tools) shoot, remote sons Glebovy. What such appeal was not one rhetoric and that Vsevolod took to the heart of the resentment of Russian land from the barbarians, it shows a big campaign of His Polovtsy, undertaken in the spring of 1199 with the Suzdal and Ryazan regiments. He reached the Polovytsky Zimovnikov on the banks of Don and ruined them; Polovtsy did not dare to join him in the struggle; With her kibits and herds, they went to the very sea.

Internal politician Vsevolod is a big nest

Restless Ryazan princes with their straight and indignations delivered a lot of trouble to Vsevolod. He made hiking in their land several times and completely subjugated her. The princes of the neighboring Smolensk region also honored his elderness. As for South Rus, even during the lifetime of the energetic Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, the influence of the Suzdal Prince was restored. The larger the larger could interfere in the affairs of the Dnieper, that he himself had in him the hereditary volost, Pereyaslavskaya, who he held first with his nephews, and then his own sons. We have seen that after the death of Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, his successors occupied the Kiev table only with the consent of Vsevolod III. He reached such a prevolutionation without sending Rati there, like Andrey Bogolyubsky, but the only artificial politician, although connected with some cunning. It is known how he deftly quarreled Rüric Kiev with Roman Volynsky and prevented a close union of these strongest dominates of the South-Western Russia, who could repulse the claims of Russia northeast.

With the help of a dexterous and cautious policy, Vsevolod gradually raised the order and peace of mind in his land, approved his power and was successful in almost all important enterprises. It is also unnoticed that he diligently followed the autocratic aspirations of Bogolyubsky. He is scientient with fate, he, on the contrary, is the keeper of ancient squirrel custom and honoring big boyars. About any displeasure on their side of the chronicle do not mention; Although in the praise of Vsevolod and add that he worked by the people the court is unlucky and did not indulge in strong people who offended smaller. From the big boyars of Vsevolod, who distinguished himself as a governor, the chronicle calls Foma Naskovich and the old road, who served another Yuri Dolgorukome: they were ventured in the Bulgarian campaign of 1183. Further is mentioned: Yakov, "Sisch" of the Grand Duke (nephew from the sister), who defended in South Rus with the boyars and with the fear of the Upper Rostislav, Vsevolodovna, the bride Rostislav Rurikovich; Tiun Güry, who sent was to resume the Oster town; Kuzma Rastshich, "Midososha" the Grand Duke, in 1210 he walked with the army in the Ryazan Earth, and others.

Curious actions of Vsevolod on the appointment of Rostov bishops. Like Bogolyubsky, he tried to choose them, and exclusively from Russian people, and not from the Greeks than, undoubtedly, performed a people's desire. One day, Kiev Metropolitan Niktor appointed Ginchu to the Rostov Department of Nikola, who, according to the chronicles, put "on MZDE", that is, took money from him. But the prince and "People" did not accept him and sent back (about 1184). Vsevolod sent an ambassador to Svyatoslav to Kiev and to Metropolitan with a request to put on Rostov Bishopia Luka, Hegumen at the Savior on Berestov, a man of humble in spirit and meek, therefore, such that could not enter any breakdowns with the princely power. Metropolitan resisted, but Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich supported the request, and Luke was put in Rostov, and Nikola Grechin - to Polotsk. When the smarmer Luke died after four years, the Grand Duke chose him by the successor of his own confessor John, who sent him to supply to Kiev Metropolitan. John, apparently, was also a bishop of a quiet, obedient to the Great Prince and, moreover, his active assistant in the temple.

Building Vsevolod.

Pretty frequent wars and hiking did not interfere with Vsevolod diligently do business, construction, judicial, family, etc. He in peacetime did not heal in his capital Vladimir, and conscientiously performed the ancient custom of the Fullies, i.e. He himself went through the regions, set out the collapse of Dani, judged criminals, disassembled. From the chronicles, we learn that different events find it in Suzdal, then in Rostov, then in Pereyaslavl-Zalessky, on a housing. At the same time, he watched the health of fortifications, the devints built or corrected the dilapidated urban walls. Returning the launched cities (for example, Ostersky's town). Fire in particular gave food for construction activities. So in 1185 on April 18, a terrible fire was emptied by Vladimir-on-Klyazma; Survived almost the whole city. The victim of the fire was made by the princesses and up to 32 churches; Including the Cathedral Assumption Temple, created by Andrey Bogolyubsky, burned. At the same time, his decorations died, expensive vessels, silver panicadals, icons in gold salary with pearls, liturgical books, dear princes clothes and various "patterns", or shied with gold fabrics (oxamites), which during large holidays were dispersed in the church. Many of these treasures were kept in church terme, or storage room, by choir; The confused ministers threw them out of the Terem to the church courtyard, where they also became the booty of flame.

The Grand Prince immediately began to destroy footprints; By the way, he built a newly detective, the princes of the Terem and updated the Zlatomerkhi Temple of Assumption; And expanded it with an extension of new walls from three sides; And around the median dome, there were four more smaller, which also gilded. When the update ended, in 1189 the Cathedral Temple was again and solemnly consecrated by the Bishop Luko. After three or four years, almost half of Vladimir again made a flame production: burned to 14 churches; But the Princely Dvor and the Cathedral Temple of this time survived. In 1199, on July 25, we read the news about the third large fire in Vladimir: he began during the liturgy and continued until the evening; And again, there are almost half of the city and up to 16 churches. Updating old temples, Vsevolod decorated its main city and new; By the way, he erected the church of the Nativity of the Virgin, at which the male monastery was arranged, and another temple of the Assumption, in which his wife was founded by the female abode. But the most famous building of the Grand Duke is the root church in honor of His Saint, Dimitri Solunsky; Since the Christian name of Vsevolod III was Dimitri. This temple is up to this day represents an existence of an elegant monument of Old Russian art.

Vsevolod helped a lot in its construction activities Bishop John, his former confessor. By the way, they made an update of the Cathedral of the Virgin Church in the city of Suzdal, which dreamed of time and negligence. The tops were again covered with tin, and the walls were again shuffled. Curiously on this reason the next lime of the chronicler: the bishop this time did not apply to German masters; And found his own, from which one lily tin, other wings, the third prepared lime and blended the walls. Consequently, the construction activity of Yuri, Andrei and Vsevolod did not remain without influencing the formation of pure Russian technicians; Vsevolod III is a model of northern prince-family man. God blessed him with numerous offspring; What does the very nick on his big nest indicate. We know the names of the axes of his sons and several daughters. On his attachment to the old family customs indicate, by the way, the news of the chronicle of the tons of the princes sons. This ancient general Slavonic rite was that the three- or a four-year-old prince cropped her hair and first put on the horse for the first time; And they organized a feast. In Christian times, the prayers and blessings of the church were joined in Christian times. Vsevolod with a special solemnity celebrated Help and asked cheerful pears. Having even large peers and generous gifts, he accompanied the marriage of his son and the issuance of his daughter. We saw how he betrayed his loved her daughter Ususlav-Anastasia for the son of Rurikov Rostislav.

Vsevolod family big nest

Vsevolod was married to Yaskaya, or Alan, Princess. There are no one example of the marriage union between the Russian princes of that time with separate dominates of Caucasian, partly christian, partly semi-public. It may be very possible that the beauty of Cherkushki captivated from Russian women of our princes. However, in all signs in the XII century, ancient intercourse with the Caucasian peoples, established during the times of Russian dominion on the shores of the Azov and Black Seas, were still continued. in Tmutarakan land. Suites from the Caucasus often joined the Russian service and even had an approximate princes of servants, which, for example, is a famous ankal, the keyboard of Andrei Bogolyubsky. The wife of Vsevolod Mary, although increased in a semi-language country, like many Russian princesses differed in particular piety, diligently for the church and charity. The monument to her piety serves as a female Assumption Monastery in Vladimir served above. The last seven or eight years of their lives, the Great Princess was leaning by some gravily disease. In 1206, she knew himself in his Assumption Resident, where a few days later died and was solemnly buried, packed by the Grand Duke, children, clergy and the people. Maria, apparently, arrived in Russia, not one, but the whole family or caused his closest subsequently, maybe after some unhappy coup for her family in his homeland. At least the chronicle mentions two sisters: one of. Vsevolod gave them to Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich Kiev for the Son, and the Other - for Yaroslav Vladimirovich, who kept on the table of the Great Novgorod as a Piazza and Girrut. The spouse of Yaroslav also died in Vladimir, even before the Great Princess and was buried in her aspotional monastery. In general, this hospitable Vladimir couple found shelter and caress not one orphaned or persecuted relative. So, under her wing he spent the rest of their life sister of the Grand Duke, the unloved spouse of Ortsomysl Galitsky, Olga Yurievna, in the Chernitsa Euphrosinia (died in 1183 and buried in the Vladimir Assumption Cathedral), and the widow of Brother Mikhal Yurevich, Fevronia, who had experienced his twenty-five years Spouse (buried in the Suzdal Cathedral). Loving full family life, the Grand Duke on the death of the first spouse, obviously missed his feet, and, being almost a sixty-year old old man, having a lot of grandchits, entered into a second marriage with the daughter of Vitebsk Prince Vasilka, in 1209 A capping family man, Vsevolod III was not always complacent prince in relation to his nephews and, like Andrei, did not give them the lots in the Suzdal region, including the son of Bogolyubsky Yuri. However, the latter, maybe by his behavior he armed against himself uncle. Russian chronicles do not inform us anything about the fate of Yuri Andreevich. Only from foreign sources, we learn that, who is persecuted by Uncle, he retired to one of the Polovetsky Khan. There was an embassy from Georgia with a marriage offer. At that time, the famous Tamara was sitting on the throne of Georgia, after the Father of his George III. When the clergy and Venelmazbi Georgian sought her a decent groom, then one noble husband, named Abulasan, pointed to them the name of Yuri, as on a young man who, in his origin, beautiful outdoor, the mind and courage was quite worthy of Tamara's hands. Velmazbi approved this choice and sent one merchant ambassador to Yuri. This last arrived in Georgia, was combined with a marriage with Tamara and first time marked himself with routine exploits in wars with hostile neighbors. But then he changed his behavior, won guilty and every rampant; So Tamara, after vain guarantees, divorced him and sent him to Greek possessions. He has grown in Georgia and tried to make a rebellion against the queen; But he was defeated and ran again. Further fate of his unknown.

Refusing to the devices to nephews, Vsevolod, however, in relation to sons did not show any concerns about the subsequent success of one-chisty. According to the customs of the old Russian princes, he divided his lands between them and even discovered the lack of state far-distance, in which, undoubtedly, inferior to his brother Andrei. Vsevolod remained alive six sons: Konstantin, Yuri, Yaroslav, Svyatoslav, Vladimir, Ivan. He was planted in Rostov, where this clever prince also acquired a popular location. A terrible fire has especially brought him closer with Rostov, who in 1211 destroyed most of their city, including 15 churches. Konstantin at that time drank in Vladimir at the wedding of his brother Yuri with the daughter of Kiev Prince Vsevolod Cherma. Hearing about the misfortune of Rostovtsev, Konstantin hurried to his lot and put a lot of worries to facilitate the victims. In the next 1212, the Grand Duke, feeling the approach of the death, sent again for Konstantin, who was appointed the senior Vladimir table, and Rostov ordered to transfer to the second son of Yuri. But here Konstantin, who was distinguished by Dotol, modesty and obedience, suddenly had a decisive disobedience to Father: he did not go for a two-time call and demanded itself both cities, Rostov and Vladimir. In all likelihood, in this case, the claims of Rostovtsev for seniority resumed, and the suggestion of Rostov boyars acted. On the other hand, Constantine, maybe, understood that to eliminate such a dispute of two cities and in the species of strong government authorities, the Grand Prince should have both of these cities in his hands. Vsevolod was very much upset by such disobedience and punished Konstantin in that he deprived him of seniority, and Vladimir Great Table gave the second son to Yuri. But, confessing the fragility of such an innovation, he wished to strengthen him with a total oath of the best people of his land; Consequently, repeated almost the same thing as 25 years ago, Yaroslav Ommomysl Galitsky made him 25 years ago. Vsevolod convened in Vladimir Boyar from all his cities and volosts; Also gathered noons, merchants and clergy with the bishop John headed and forced this Zemsky Cathedral to swear Yuri as a great prince, who instructed the other sons. Soon then, on April 14, Vsevolod, a large nest died, was the melkan with sons and the people and solemnly buried in the Zlatovful Assumption Cathedral.

A source for the struggle of Rostov and Suzdal with Vladimir and for the reign of Vsevolod III - P. S. R., especially Lavrentievsky; As well as the chronicler Pereyaslavl Sud. ed. kn. Obolensky. On visiting Vsevolod in the childhood of Byzantium in Stepn. kn. 285. Details about his Bulgarian campaign in Lavrent vaults., Ipat., Resurrected., Tver. And in Tatishchev. Their news that the ships were left at Isada Island at the mouth of the Tsevka (Civid), i.e. In the present Cheboksarsky district (Tatishch. III, approx. 532. Karam, III. Note 63), this news is obviously inaccurate. Princes could not leave so far behind the trial and go further dry. In the news of the campaign on the Bulgarian 1220, Isada are indicated on the Volga below the mouth of the Kama, against the Bulgarian city of the city (see Resurrection.). In addition, in chronologically, not all lists agree between themselves. Thus, the two oldest villas of the Ipatievsky and Lavrentievsky in the second half of the XII century diverge each other sometimes for two years. In Lavrent. The campaign of Vsevolod on Bulgarians is placed under 1184, and in Ipat. - under 1182. On the battle of Vsevolod III with Gleb Ryazansky on the river. Please see the note K. Tichomirov in the anconditions of Mosk. Archaeol. About. Xi. M. 1886. News of failure to disappear in Vsevolod to the Rostov Department of Nikola Ginchi and Luke Putting on Lavren. Under 1185, Ipat. Under 1183.0 fires, the buildings of Vsevolod and his family relationship IBID. On the second marriage of Vsevolod on Sunday, the arch. "On the rite of tested" Lavrovsky to "Moskvatians.", 1854.0 Marriage Yury Andreevich with Tamara, see Histore De La Georgie Traduite Par M. Brossel. S-PTRSB. 1849.1. 412 and further. His: "Information about the Georgian Queen Tamara in the ancient Russian literature" (scientist. Zap. Acad. N. on 1 and 3 separates. T. I, Vol. 4). "The historical passage from Georgian history translated by Imeretinsky Tsarevich Konstantin" (Almanac "Minerva" in 1837). Butkova "On the marriage of Russian princes with Georgian and Yasnyy" (Severn. Archive for 1825. Part XIII). The intermediary in relations between Russia with Georgia was probably Alanya, or Ossetia; Since Ossetian ruled on the one hand was related to Russian and princes, and on the other hand, with Georgian kings. In legends about Tamara, we see that her Venelmazby, the widowing Ossetian Princess, bowed to her marriage with Yuri. The Mother Tamara itself accounted for the granddaughty of the Ossetian prince and, perhaps, was in some property with Vsevolod III. In view of such circumstances, her marriage with Yuri Andreevich is an event that does not affect anything incredible.

He was the son of the Grand Duke and Grechini (Byzantine Princess?).

After the death of the Father in 1162, together with the mother and younger brother, Mikhail Vsevolod was expelled from the Suzdal Land with elder brother. Up to 15 years, he was brought up in Constantinople at the court of the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnin.

After returning to Rus, Vsevolod was reconciled from and with him and other princes participated in a campaign to Kiev in March 1169, which ended with the proclamation of brother Grand Prince Kiev. He left Kiev, and Vsevolod remained there to live together with Uncle, Prince Gleb Georgievich, whom the Grand Duke planted instead of himself as a governor. In 1171, Vsevolod Yuryevich took part in gravestics for a grand-road table, unfolding after the death of uncle.

In 1173, Vsevolod Yuryevich took power in Kiev and for 5 weeks was the Grand Duke of Kiev, but soon he was captive by the opponent, Smolensky Prince Roman Rostislavich. From captivity, he was redeemed by the younger brother Mikhail Yurevich.

Vsevolod III is a big nest received its nickname in motion. According to one source, he had 8, according to another - 10 sons and 4 daughters and became the progenitor of 115 of the birth of the Northguiski princes.

Vsevolod III died on April 15, 1212 in Klyazma and was buried. The years of his reign are marked by the highest flowering of culture of the Vladimir-Suzdal principality. Cities were decorated with new wonderful buildings (in 1185-1189, Dmitrievsky Cathedral was expanded in 1193-1197, in 1194-1196 - Vladimir Keynets, in 1192-1195 - Christmas Cathedral, etc.), the chroniclel and applied art.

Vsevolod is a big nest and his descendants

The tenth Son of Yuri Dolgoruky, Vsevolod (in the baptism of Dmitry; 1154-1212), received a nicknamed a large nest for had eight sons and four daughters. A strange nickname - after all, his father had even more children, and Yuri Dolgoruky nobody called a big nest. Sometimes it is called Vsevolod III.

In 1162, Vsevolod-Dmitry was expelled with his brother and mother and went to Constantinople to the Yard of the emperor Manuel. Only in three years later, the fifteen-year-old Knazhich returned to Russia, participated in the campaign to Kiev.

Andrei Bogolyubsky quarreled with Smolensk Rostislavichi because of the news, as if their boyars poisoned his brother Gleb, and ordered the novel to leave the grand-bed table, and Mikhail Yurevich to take Kiev. However, Mikhail Yuryevich did not go to Kiev, but sent there to Vsevolod, along with the nephew Yuropolki Rostislavich. Smolensk Rostislavichi soon captured them both captured. They proclaimed the Kiev Prince Ryric Rostislavich.

Vsevolod-Dmitry in captivity, but Mikhail Yuryevich left to prince in something. Rurik was precipitated for 6 days, and in the seventh princes signed the world. Mikhail Yuryevich recognized himself with Wassal Rurik, for which he received the Troop and Pereyaslavl South. Soon he bought out of the captivity of the brother of Vsevolod.

In 1173, Andrei Bogolyubsky's troops invaded the borders of the Kiev land, and Mikhail Yuryevich immediately moved to the side of her older brother.

After the death of Andrei Bogolyubsky, Mikhail Yuryevich went to the northeast Rus and occupied Vladimir, but he could not keep him and went to Pereyaslav South. In 1175, together with his brother, Vsevolod took a second trip to Northeast Russia. They managed to overcome their nephews Rostyslavichi, and Mikhail Yuryevich became the great Vladimir-Suzdal Prince, and Rostov handed over to Vsevolod.

After his statement in the Rostov land, Mikhail went war on the Ryazan Prince Gleb, in the hands of which there was also a lot of treasures, looted in Vladimir and the Vladimir Church of the Saint Virgin, even the image of the Virgin, brought by Andrey from Vyshgorod, and many books. Mikhail went with the shelves to Ryazan, but met on the road ambassador Prince Gleb. Gleb pledged not to support Rostislavichi and return everything captured in Vladimir. At this, the princes came up, Mikhail returned to Vladimir, according to the probabilities of the murders of Andrei, and then went to the city on the Volga, fell ill in him and died on June 20. He was buried in Vladimir in the Church of St. Virgin.

Rules Vsevolod Yuryevich for a long time, almost half a century - from 1174 to 1212. Prior to that, during "whole" five weeks (from February to March 24, 1173), he reigned in Kiev.

After his death, Vsevolod is a big nest barely managed to become a prince of the Northeast: Immediately after the death of Mikhail, Rostov vest sent to Novgorod to the grandchildren of Yuri Dolgoruky, Mstislav Mstislavovich Smolensky, Tripolsky, Galich and Torch Prince. Rostovtsov ordered to convey to him: "Mikhail God took on the Volga in the city, and we want you, we do not want the other." On another chronicle version, it was said almost the same: "Go to the princess to us: We want you, we do not want the other."

But Mstislav was late: when he came to the northeast, in Vladimir and Suzdal already kissed the cross to loyalty to Vsevolod. In the battle on the Gza River, Mstislav lost and left to Novgorod.

Since then, a strong fear of Vsevolod has arisen a large nest and his descendants with Mstislav (in the baptism of Fedor), a good (lucky) and his descendants.

Mstislav-Fyodor Mstislavovich is a good-lucky (died in 1228), grandfather for Mother Alexander Nevsky and Lion Galitsky, his descendants on the men's line were the leaders of the rest of Russia except the northeast.

Many historians believe that the time of the reign of Vsevolod is the highest rise period of the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality. Vsevolod is a big nest continued the politician of the father and especially the brother: Rules in Vladimir, to the end dealt with the boyars of Rostov, opposed to the strengthening of the princely power, relied on new cities, where there was no Winger and where the boyars were weak. Growing and supported the nobility.

Vsevolod was married twice: on the yosen princess Mary Schwarovna, the sister of the wife of Mstislav Chernigovsky. And in Lyubava Vasilyevna, daughters Vasilka Bryachichovich Polotsk, from the Vitebsk branch.

Two sons of Vsevolod died by children: Boris in 1188 and Gleb in the 1189th. Konstantin (1186-1218) died young. He was the Grand Duke of Vladimir, Prince, Novgorod and Rostov. Vladimir (1192-1227) became prince Starodubsky.

Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich (1188-1238), Grand Duke Vladimirsky, fell from the hands of Mongols. The great princes of Vladimirsky were his brothers, Yaroslav (1191-1246) and Svyatoslav (1192-1252). Mongolian invasion lived and Ivan (1197-1247), Prince Starodubsky.

It was four daughters.

Before his death, Vsevolod wanted to give Vladimir to the eldest son Konstantin, and to Rostov to plant Yuri. But Konstantin wanted to take Vladimir, and Rostov. Then the Vsevolod "Conversion of all the boyars from the cities and volosts and bishop of John, and Igumens, and Poks, and the merchants, and nobles, and WSI people" and in the eyes of representatives of the Russian land, the principality of the youngest son - Yuri.

Here is another manifestation of self-balance: the prince in his will violated all existing customs. This caused new disagreements and meetrs.

In 1212, the Sons of Vsevolod a large nest was divided into the Vladimir-Suzdal Principality: without any of the rolling. Rostov's principality (with white-meter), Pereyaslavl, Yaroslavl, Suzdal, were formed. Districted law has no longer acted, the next intersubita immediately began. In addition to the discords between the descendants of Vsevolod, numerous princes of the North-East sought to subjugate all of Russia. They wanted to dictate their will to Novgorod, overlapping the coverage of bread. They tried to capture Kiev, but they could not resist the throne, since they ruled without Wern, "Self".

In February 1216, Yaroslav Vsevolodovich captured Torzhok and blocked the supply of food to Novgorod. Mstislav Udatnal spoke out against the Vigilator with his buddy and Novgorod, and also called Rostislavich's squad, rules in Kiev, Smolensk and Pskov. The eldest son of Vsevolod is also joined to this coalition, Konstantin. After all interforship, he still hated the rest of the brothers.

The second coalition united the remaining sons of Vsevolod, the princes of the northeast. In fact, Northeast Rus fought with all the rest of Russia.

In 1216, on the Lipica River, near Yuryev-Polish, the coalition of Northeast Russia was crushed. Soon, Novgorod and Smolyan were besieged by Vladimir and forced to complete the capitulation to the head of the coalition of Yuri. Vladimir Prestrol took an ally of Mstislav, Senior Vsevolodovich - Konstantin. He died in 1218, and immediately began to travel again. So continued until the Mongolian invasion.