Mikhailo archangel monastery of yuryev polish. Michael the Archangel Monastery. Vorobyovskaya-Uspenskaya male hermitage

It was at the beginning of the XIII century. The river Sukhona overflowed, and its banks became so far from each other that the inhabitants of Ustyug, who were accustomed to going to services in the Trinity Gleden Monastery, could no longer do this. And there was a young monk at the Gleden monastery named Cyprian. His family owned many lands along the Dvina and around Ustyug, but he himself was not interested in earthly affairs, and he devoted his life to saving his soul. And the Ustyuzhans asked him to move to Ustyug itself, and to establish a monastery here, so that they would have a place to pray to God. And so, in 1212, the monk Cyprian with the Ustyuzhans began to build a monastery in the name of the Entry into the Temple of the Mother of God and the Archangel Michael. In the vicinity of the monastery there were several lakes, and he himself was outside the prison and the ancient city rampart. Cyprian himself donated all his family's fortune to this cause, and the townspeople wore everything they needed to build a temple. Brothers quickly appeared in the monastery, and with a single impulse they chose a monk already known to us as abbot. The righteous Procopius of Ustyug, the holy fool, also often came here to talk with Cyprian. Due to his modesty and humility, Abbot Cyprian never accepted the priestly dignity, considering himself an unworthy servant of God. The monk even slept on a stone, from which the people of Ustyuzh would then scrape off pieces and, drinking them with water, they received healing. Having lived for more than 80 years in the monastery, the Monk Cyprian died on September 29, 1294 according to the old style and was buried at the gates of the monastery. Later, his relics were moved, and now over his grave there is a miniature temple of the Pre-Polization of Pentecost. Years passed and the monastery expanded. This was partly due to a particularly large number of miracles and visions revealed to the Ustyuzhan people and the inhabitants of the monastery. There lived in the monastery a certain serf Ivan, a Karymets-Buryat by birth, who lagged behind his merchant. The monks sheltered him in the monastery and he converted to Orthodoxy and stayed here to live, earning money as a night watchman. And suddenly he sees - in the middle of the night in the chapel, over the grave of Cyprian, a fiery light. Ivan ran as fast as he could to the monastery preceptor Nifont, but when they returned, the light had already gone out. Nifont did not believe it, but he scolded the Buryats. Two weeks later, the wonderful light came again. This time the watchman decided to check everything himself, and plucked up the courage to look into the chapel. He saw there a candle shining in front of the image of the Savior on the banner. And an old man sits on the tomb. Holding a staff in one hand, and burning candles in the other. The elder is dressed in golden vestments, and the half of the chapel is not the floor anymore, but beautiful green grass. And the elder said - "It is very damp for me to lie." The next day, the brethren gathered together, served a panikhida for the Monk Kiripian and covered them with sand under and around the chapel. Many times they saw the Monk Cyprian in the monastery, now healing addicted to drunkenness, now cutting a stone at the construction of the Vvedenskaya church, now praying in the church, and once asked to transfer his relics from the gate to a new place. So the monastery lived, in which there were two abbots - one ordinary, earthly and the other wonderful. Since its inception, the Archangel Michael Monastery was part of the Ustyug defense system and served as an outpost on its northern outskirts. In the XV century. on the eastern side of the monastery fence, a gate was erected, and a tower with loopholes was erected above them. The pond, later named Arkhangelsk, lakes and a stream protected the monastery from intruders, and long time the monastery remained a reliable fortress. In 1653, large construction began here - the local merchant Nikifor Revyakin donated a lot of money for the construction of the stone church of the Entry into the Temple Holy Mother of God and a five-domed cold church in honor of the Cathedral of the Archangel Michael with a bell tower. Over the next hundred years, two more churches will be built, a rector's, fraternal buildings, a new stone fence 800 meters long. In 1750, a large clock with a German mechanism and striking was installed on the bell tower of the Archangel Michael Cathedral. WITH early XVII For centuries, the Veliky Ustyug Theological School operated on the territory of the monastery, and since 1737 - the Veliky Ustyug Theological Seminary, but after a fire in its building at the end of the 18th century, it was never restored. In 1788 the Veliky Ustyug and Totem Diocese was abolished, the territories of which were included in the Vologda and Veliky Ustyug Diocese. The last Bishop of Veliky Ustyug, Right Reverend John, was dismissed and spent the rest of his days here, in the Archangel Michael Monastery. In 1918 the monastery was closed and was used as a department of the Veliky Ustyug correctional house. In the fraternal building there were 7 common cells for 30 people each, in which priests, students, merchants, professors and several peasants were kept in custody. In one sat Pitirim Sorokin, a famous Russian and American sociologist, philosopher, culturologist and personal secretary of the chairman of the interim government Alexander Kerensky, who surrendered to the Chekists in Ustyug in October 1918. He wrote: “There was no Nar, the prisoners were lying in their rags on the floor, there were a lot of insects in the cell. Many of the prisoners do not know why they were arrested, and the workers and peasants simply do not understand why their government arrested them. There was mutual assistance among the prisoners: food was divided equally, it was also observed in relation to smoking, etc. The food is disgusting, so the prisoners felt a constant feeling of hunger. Lunch: 1.4 pounds of bread and a bowl of hot water with potatoes, also for dinner and breakfast, that is, food - once a day. In the cell, along with healthy prisoners, there were also 4 people suffering from typhus. The lights out at 20.00, and at 22.00 the prisoners were taken to execution in batches. The head of the execution of a team of 11 people was Karl Andreevich Peterson, in the city of Veliky Ustyug he was from 1918, the post of commissar of the division of Latvian riflemen, was engaged in punitive operations in the front line. Sometimes people were shot right in the cells, and so every night, from 1 to 9 people. " Already in our time, the monastery reveals its treasures and mysteries. The porch of the Archangel Cathedral contains four murals from different times. The unique murals of the 17th-18th centuries, "Proverbs of the Elderly," edify the monks in their spiritual work. There are also rare ornamental paintings, a portrait of Archbishop Joseph, buried in the cathedral, and an epitaph of the monastery archimandrite Barsanuphius. The western portal was previously decorated with doors with gilded and silvered copper plates engraved with biblical events. The cathedral's west porch leads to a gallery with three pillared portals. The cathedral was originally painted, but now the frescoes are plastered and whitewashed. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the monastery has remained practically unchanged. There was a school, a museum, and now it still belongs to the museum, although there are no expositions or exhibitions there. On July 16, 2014, Metropolitan Ignatius of Vologda and Kirillov issued a decree on the formation of the Orthodox religious organization Bishops' Metochion "Archangel Michael Monastery". No matter how much time has passed, "A holy place is never empty" - they say in the Russian people. The time will come, and the Monk Cyprian, as in ancient visions, will bless the first monk who will again settle in the monastery of the Archangel Michael on Ustyuz.

GEORGEV GRAD

Like Pereslavl-Zalessky, Georgev-grad was placed in the area of concentration of the original population - Mary. This is indicated by purely Meryan hydronyms, such as "Koloksha" and "Gza" (Kza), at the confluence of which the city stands.
- Kurgan, 11-13th centuries... Territory of the city, Yuryeva mountain tract. Researched in 1852 by A.S. Uvarov. It contained the burial of a nomadic warrior with a horse, dated to the 12th century. The remains of the mound were destroyed by construction work.

Fortress rampart of Yuryev-Polsky

Piled up around 1152, the ramparts were undoubtedly the first structure in the new city, within the boundaries, presumably, of the old Meryan settlement. The result was a powerful fortress, small but well fortified.
The site of the fortified settlement is rounded in terms of shape and measures approx. 340х230 m., Area approx. 9.5 hectares, surrounded by an annular rampart with a height of 4-6 m. With a width at the base of 18-20 m. And a strongly flooded moat in front of it, currently having a depth of 0.8-1.2 m. With a width of 25-28 m. The total length of the ramparts is approx .1 km. Ramparts have survived almost along the entire perimeter, except for a small part near the Archangel Michael Monastery. Investigation of the southern rampart showed that it was poured in the 12th century, in two stages. The embankment consisted of loam with a large amount of humus interlayers. Intra-shaft structures were not found.
In the fortification system there are gaps from three passage gates 25-50 m wide: northern - Rostov, southeastern - Vladimir, south-western - Moscow (later).
Wooden fortifications stood on the ramparts.
The name of the city speaks for the fact that Yuri Dolgoruky, it seems, built it as his own residence. However, his other brainchild - Pereslavl Zalessky - turned out to be more successful. Dolgoruky did not really manage to live in Yuryev. Dolgoruky was captivated by the beauty of the place. He needed a foothold among the rebellious Mary. It's like that. But the Brockhaus-Euphron dictionary wonders why it was even necessary to build a city in this economically disastrous place. Yuriev became provincial in ancient times.

Dolgoruky's grandson, the son of Vsevolod (and the Czech princess Maria), the prince in 1212 after the death of his father received the city of Yuryev (1212 - 1238) as his inheritance.
In 1212 Yuriev was the center of a small independent principality, which was separated from the Vladimir-Suzdal land and was under the control of Svyatoslav.
After the Lipetsk battle, Svyatoslav returned to Yuryev. The prince did a lot for the city.

Among the finds from the pre-Mongolian period should be noted iron cylindrical locks and keys to them, knives, craftsmen's tools, glass bracelets, rings, beads, fragments of glass goblets. Parts of a choros (pendant lamp) were also found, including parts of the bottom, chains, and candlesticks in the form of dragon figures.

Svyatoslav destroyed the building of his grandfather in 1230, as it, according to the chronicle, "was dilapidated and broken." In its place, by 1234, a new stone church had already been built, which the prince decorated more magnificently than other churches, for, as the chronicler says, outside the whole church, the saints "wonderful velmi" were carved from stone. The Trinity side-chapel of the cathedral was also decorated with carved stone. This temple was famous for its beauty and among the people of the subsequent, XIV century.
See Prince Svyatoslav III Vsevolodovich.

In the same years, he founded the Archangel Michael Monastery.

Michael the Archangel Monastery

In 1238, the troops of Batu, during the capture of St. George's-Polsky, ravaged the monastery, and for almost two centuries it stood in desolation.

In 1252 Dmitry (+1269) inherited the principality. The last prince of Yuryev was a certain Ivan Yaroslavich, who in the winter of 1339/1340. together with the Horde he goes to Smolensk, which glorious deed was the last mention of the independent Yuryev principality.
OK. 1347-1348 it becomes part of the Great Reign of Vladimir.
In 1382, when Tokhtamysh plundered the possessions of Dmitry of Moscow, among them he set fire to the neighborhood of Yuryev.

In the XVI century. The Crimean nobleman, a relative of Gireyev, Abdul-Litif, came to Moscow in 1493, at the time of good relations between Crimea and Russia, and sat on the throne in Zvenigorod. In 1499, Moscow put him on the Kazan throne (it was under the protectorate of Moscow), but suddenly began to pursue a policy unfriendly to Russia (relations with Crimea began to deteriorate at the same time). In 1502 the Russian detachment came to Kazan, Abdul-Latif was deposed and sent into exile to Beloozero. Mengli-Girey, trying to help out his relative, wrote to Moscow, as a result, in 1507, Abdul-Latif was released from exile, and was given to feed Yuryev-Polsky, where he died in 1517.
Since 1552, the prince of the Astrakhan nobleman Kaibula (more correctly - Abdulla), a relative of the last Kazan king Ediger, lived in Yuryev. Kaibula was transferred to the side of the Russians even before the fall of Astrakhan. Here is what the Russian ambassador said to the Turkish pasha in Istanbul: “My sovereign is not an enemy of the Muslim faith. His servant Tsar Sain-Bulat reigns in Kasimov (ruled in 1567-1573), Tsarevich Kaibula in Yuryev, Ibak in Surzhik, Nogai princes in Romanov: they all freely and solemnly praise Mohammed in their mosques ... "This Kaibula distinguished himself in the Livonian War (1558), and in the company of his fellow tribesmen: Kaibula himself led the right flank, the forward regiment - Toktamysh, the entire army - Shah Ali from Kasimov. This whole company was recruited for the war with the Crimea, and Tokhtamysh was supposed to be put on the throne in Bakhchisarai instead of Girey. But the circumstances were such that they moved to Sweden.
And finally, the Pretender in 1609 gave Yuryev to Mohammed Murad, the son of the Kasimov khan Uraz Muhammad (1600-1610). Uraz took the side of the Pretender, however, on the denunciation of his son, he was killed near Kaluga while hunting. The Nogay Urusov took revenge for him, who nailed the Pretender himself with the words - "know, dog, how to kill the Tatar kings."

The Archangel Michael Monastery is located entirely within the walls of the ramparts, so that it seems like the Kremlin itself. The monastery, being destroyed in 1238, was not rebuilt until the 16th century.

In 1555, by the diligence of Prince M.I. A stone fence of 40 sazhens was erected near the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery in Kubensky, and "three large towers were attached to it, the top is tent-roofed."

Only three towers remain from antiquity, they are "massive, in the manner" of the 16th century, with figured windows.
The builders of the walls at one time faced a difficult problem: there is a pond on the territory of the monastery ("ark" - their dugs are of a strictly defined size). A small stream flowed out of the pond. I had to build a passage for this water. The water did erode the walls, which, probably, necessitated their repair in this particular area in the XXIII century. The battle course of the walls, where we managed to trace it, is purely decorative.

In 1560, thanks to Prince M.I. The first stone two-story cathedral church with the Ilyinsky border was rebuilt in the Kubensky monastery. It has been repeatedly reworked and updated. Since 1792, it was rebuilt into a one-story five-domed cathedral church.
In 1630, a new kletskaya church appeared in the monastery, consecrated in honor of the prophet Elijah.

In 1654, the “holy gates” were built in the western wall of the monastery.
In 1670, a five-domed Theological Church (John the Evangelist).

Gate Church of St. John the Evangelist (1654-1670)

In the monastery there were many gifts from Prince D.M.

Free-standing, extremely original Bell tower was built in 1684. In 1687 the second largest bell for the monastery's bell tower was cast. He weighed 109 pounds.

Bell tower

In 1804 the bells were merged and hung by the zeal of Peter Petrovich Kartsev: to the cathedral at 518 poods, to the Archangel Monastery at 318 poods, to the Pokrovsky parish at 210 pounds.
In the beginning. XX century. the bell tower had 9 bells: 6 large and 3 small. The largest rivet weighed 320 pounds. One of the bells was cast in 1864 for the monastery by order of the local merchant Anfisa Pochatova in the eternal commemoration of her husband Theodore. According to the recollections of old-timers, the ringing of the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk bells favorably differed from other ringing of local parish churches; often people even came from the villages to listen to the bell ringing of "Archangel Michael". The bell-ringer at that time was Hierodeacon Galaktion (later - the perspicacious elder). Forty years old, from a peasant, he graduated from a rural school.

After the Bolsheviks came to power, the bells were thrown from the belfry and their further fate is unknown.

Metal beaters, made from oxygen cylinders and in 2002 for the 850th anniversary of the city of Yuryev raised to the bell tower.
They are made in the likeness of a set of cylinders of different lengths with hammers beating on them, invented in 1893 by the Englishman Herington. The pitch of the sound depends on one or the other length of the cylinders, the force depends on the larger or smaller diameter. The advantage of such "bells" is that they lend themselves to precise tuning and are not as massive as the bells.

Bila. At the ends of the beater, 3, 4 or 5 holes are drilled, which symbolize 3 - the Trinity, 4 - the Cross, 5 - Jesus Christ and four evangelists. A small (hand) beat is held in the left hand, the sound is produced by striking (riveting) on it with a wooden mallet from the center to the edges. A large beater (great) is hung at the entrance to the temple, or at the refectory, or near the cell, on the bell tower. The sound is produced in the same way as with the small hammer.

Believers (both men and women) who have undergone appropriate instruction from an experienced bell ringer or who have completed training courses for church bell ringers have been admitted to the bell ringer business at all times. Since the bell ringer is the link between the temple and the sky, his ringing precedes prayer in the church and becomes its continuation after the end of the service. Therefore, the ringer must know not only the basics of the Orthodox ringing, but also know the divine service well.

Types of ringing:
Blagovest- one of the most ancient ringing Orthodox Church and is called so because it carries the good, joyful news of the beginning of the service.
Chime- represents a sad and solemn ringing in turn in each bell or chime (one or several times), from the largest to the smallest, and symbolizes the "exhaustion" of our Lord Jesus Christ for the sake of our salvation.
Ringing- is it ringing all the bells or beating. In its form, it is not limited, so the ringer himself chooses the composition of the bells or beats used, as well as the rhythm, dynamics and composition of the performance.

The manufacture and use of bells dates back to ancient times. Bells were known to Jews, Egyptians, Romans, people of ancient China and Japan (860 - 824 BC).
Church tradition attributes the first use of bells in Christian worship to Saint Pauline, Bishop of Nolan (353 - 431), in a dream vision, an Angel appeared to him with bells that made wonderful sounds. The flowers of the field prompted St. Peacock-shaped bells, which were used during divine services Without them, not a single Orthodox church was inconceivable, all events in the life of the state and the Church were consecrated by the ringing of bells.

Observation deck and exhibition "Monastic cell" in the building of the bell tower

The exhibition consists of several narrow halls with uninteresting exhibits, and a good view of the city and surrounding fields opens from the observation deck.

In 1685, Tsarevna Sophia and the Russian tsars Ivan V and Peter I were on pilgrimage at the monastery.

Construction began in 1792 Michael the Archangel Cathedral(completed in 1806).

Michael the Archangel Church. 1772-1809

The Archangel Michael Church housed exhibition "Artistic woodcarving".

In 1804, the merchant's wife of Yuryev Avdotya Vasilyeva allocated money for the construction of a three-tiered iconostasis for the Archangel Michael Cathedral.
In 1814 Akulina Andreevna Pestova donated funds for church utensils for the monastery.
In 1817, Akulina Andreevna Pestova donated funds for gilding the iconostases of the Church of the Sign of the Mother of God and the Archangel Michael Cathedral.

The complex was partially returned to the churches, leaving the museum and the monastery to share the areas of temples and outbuildings. Services are held in the Archangel Michael Cathedral. The unique collection of wooden Orthodox sculptures that used to be there is now closed.
There are 3 monks in the monastery, including the abbot. The cells are located in the towers.

Znamenskaya refectory church(1625) merges with the chambers of the archimandrite. It is believed that the Church of the Sign was rebuilt from an even more ancient one.

Znamenskaya refectory church

In 1809, the merchant's wife of Yuryev Avdotya Vasilyeva allocated funds for the roof of the Church of the Sign and the refectory chamber of the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery.

Archimandrite Corps. 1684 g.

In 1763, the St. George Church was transported to the territory of the monastery and Archimandrite Corps.
There are expositions in the building of the Archimandrite Corps Yurievsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum:
- Peasantry and agriculture of Vladimir Opolye;
- History of the Yuryev-Polsky district manufactory.

Georgievskaya wooden church(1718) was transported from the village of Yegorie. The church is an example of ancient cages' churches, which are based on the architecture of the Russian hut. The main artistic effect of this structure lies in the contrast between the squat, wide base of the temple and the strongly raised top. The temple was built without the use of saws and nails.

Georgievskaya wooden church

In 1764, the Peter and Paul Monastery, founded as a male Metropolitan of Suzdal Illarion, was abolished. Wooden Church of the Apostles Peter and Paul entered the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk Monastery. In 1825, the diocesan authorities decided to abolish the Peter and Paul Church and give it over to the Archangel Monastery. In 1830 the church was destroyed.

In 1862, a free Sunday school was opened at the Archangel Michael Monastery.

In 1918 the Archangel Michael Monastery was closed.
In 1921 the museum settled in the building of the former Khlebnikov rooms, and then was transferred to the premises of the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk monastery. "
On November 24, 1924, the Interdepartmental Commission of the NKP nationalized and assigned to the museum department of the Main Science Department the areas of the territory of the St. George Cathedral and the Arkhangelsk Monastery with all the buildings.

The overhead chapel. XVIII century

Historical, Architectural and Art Museum

On the territory of the monastery is located Yuryev-Polsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum, which works from 9.00 to 17.00, on Monday - until 15.00, closed on Tuesday, the last Friday of the month is a cleaning day.

For museums of the USSR 20s. “Birth” is a special quality mark. At this time, a lot of things really valuable from an artistic and historical point of view were still preserved, and the expositions of such old museums are much richer than new ones in the 40s-60s, when the first sandals and spinning wheels that came across were brought to create something of local history. True, one purely bureaucratic misfortune happened with the Yuryev-Polsky Museum: once it was "merged" with the Vladimirsky Museum, re-subordinating the region. This status did not last long, the museum was again separated from the general trough of regional funding, but - beforehand, all the most valuable was taken out to Vladimir.

EXPOSITION

- Vladimirtsy in the war of 1812. P.I. Bagration is the national hero of Russia.

Banner of the Astrakhan regiment. 1812 g.

People's weapons

Signal cannon. Early 19th century

Shotguns. Jaeger fitting. The beginning of the 19th century.

The great Russian commander Pyotr Ivanovich Bagration, after being wounded near Borodino, was transported to the estate of his relative, Princess Golitsyna, near Yuryev-Polsky ...

Carriage from the estate of the princes Golitsyn in Sim

Furniture, household items XVIII - early XIX centuries from the Golitsyn house in the village of Sima, where the wounded P.I. Bagration

Furniture, household items XVIII - early. XIX centuries. from the Golitsyn house in the village of Sima, where the wounded P.I. Bagration

The artistic part of the museum contains: paintings, religious objects, dishes, porcelain from the houses of local citizens, who had paintings and porcelain before the revolution.

Georgievsky male monastery

Nowadays, the cemetery of the village of Turabyevo, Vladimir region, Yuryev-Polsky district.
It has become famous since 1565, when the abbot was in it. Markell.
In 1725 he was assigned to the Archangel Monastery in Yuryev; at this time there were 2 oak churches, 19 monks, 4 servants; in possession had 10 yard. peasants with 57 male souls. Abolished in 1764.

Vorobyovskaya-Uspenskaya male hermitage

The village of Dunilovo, Ivanovo region, Shuisky district, at the rrch. Teze and Kiselevka.
Founded in the 17th century. boyar Lopukhin, the father of Queen Evdokia Feodorovna.
In 1725 it was assigned to the Arkhangelsk Yuriev Monastery.
In 1764 it was abolished and after a long desolation its dilapidated temples were burned down according to custom. In 1819, on the site of the desert, the Church of the Intercession (Mother of God) was built.
Cm. .

Spaso-Kukotsky or Savior on Kuks Monastery

Ivanovo region, Gavrilovo-Posad district, with. Serbilovo.
It existed in the 17th century, since Grishka Otrepiev stayed there for some time. According to the scribes of 1628-1630. had “the Church of the Transfiguration of Spasovo, wooden cells, and in the church there were images and candles and books and vestments, and on the bell tower there were bells and the whole structure of the sovereign church”.
In 1700 hegumen Alexander was there.
In 1725 he was assigned to the Yuryevsky Archangel Monastery.
It was abolished in 1764.
Cm. .

Spaso-Nereditsky or Savior on the Gorodischi Monastery

Founded, probably at the end of the 12th century.
For a long time it was assigned to the Yuryev Monastery.
Abolished in 1764.

Church of the Savior on Nereditsa, photo 1900

Church of the Savior on Nereditsa(Spas on Mount Nereditsa, Spas-Nereditsa) - the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, located 1.5 km south of Veliky Novgorod on the right bank of the former channel of Maly Volkhovets, on a small hill next to Rurik Gorodishche.
Built in one season around 1198 under the Novgorod prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich in memory of two dead sons.
The temple has one dome, cubic type, four pillars, three apses. Fresco paintings occupied the entire surface of the walls and constituted one of the unique and most significant pictorial ensembles in Russia. The murals were actively studied and described from the beginning of the century to the 30s. XX century
There was a Spaso-Nereditskiy, or Savior on the Gorodishche men's monastery on the Gorodishche around the church.
During the Great Patriotic War the church was in the area of active hostilities, and during 1941 - 1943. was continuously fired upon by artillery. As a result, only the eastern part of the church was preserved: the apse and small pieces of the northern and southern walls. Almost all the paintings have been lost. Nevertheless, thanks to the preserved descriptions, copies and photographs, the iconographic material from the Church of the Transfiguration on Nereditsa remains one of the most used in comparative analysis.
The church was restored in 1956 - 1958.

Church of the Savior on Nereditsa

In 2001, the Novgorod architectural and archaeological expedition carried out excavations inside the temple. Among other numerous finds, behind the seized bedding under the floor, areas of the original painting of 1199 were discovered.

The Archangel Michael Monastery is an Orthodox monastery located in the very center of Yuryev-Polsky in the ring of ancient earthen ramparts of the 12th century.

The Archangel Michael Monastery was founded by Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich in the 13th century. It is known that in 1238 Batu's troops destroyed the monastery during the capture of Yuryev-Polsky, and for almost two centuries it stood in desolation. The Lithuanians also ravaged the monastery; then the entire archive perished, and the abbot of the monastery had to submit a petition to Tsar Mikhail Fedorovich for the tsar to confirm the privileges granted to the monastery by the former sovereigns. Such a certificate was indeed issued. In the monastery there were many gifts from Prince D.M. Pozharsky, who had a fiefdom near Yuriev - the village of Luchinskoye.

The cathedral church in the name of the Archangel Michael was destroyed in 1408 during the next capture of the city, this time by Edigei, and was soon rebuilt again. In 1535, there is a wooden church of Michael the Archangel with the side-altar of the Prophet Elijah, rebuilt by the support of the Grand Duke Vasily Ioannovich. In 1560, the first stone church was built; the funds for its construction were donated by Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Kubensky. In 1636, the temple was surrounded on three sides by porches, and at the end of the 18th century the dilapidated building was dismantled. The construction of the new cathedral was carried out at the expense of the residents of the city; work began in 1792 and ended in 1806.

The refectory church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Sign" was built in 1625. It is a simple, low temple with an extensive refectory. It connects from the west with the kelar or sacristy chamber and cellars. This large complex is connected by a passage with the stone archimandrite and fraternal buildings, which were built in 1763.

The true decoration of the monastery is the gateway church of St. John the Evangelist, which was built in 1670. It very harmoniously echoes the later cathedral of Michael the Archangel (it is possible that the cathedral was built taking into account the appearance of this beautiful and graceful church). Closely set chapters on thin drums give the temple an additional upward aspiration. The holy gate, on which the church itself stands, was built a little earlier, in 1654.

GEORGEV GRAD

Like Pereslavl-Zalessky, Georgev-grad was placed in the area of concentration of the original population - Mary. This is indicated by purely Meryan hydronyms, such as "Koloksha" and "Gza" (Kza), at the confluence of which the city stands.
- Kurgan, 11-13th centuries... Territory of the city, Yuriev mountain tract. Researched in 1852 by A.S. Uvarov. It contained the burial of a nomadic warrior with a horse, dated to the 12th century. The remains of the mound were destroyed by construction work.

Fortress rampart of Yuryev-Polsky

Piled up around 1152, the ramparts were undoubtedly the first structure in the new city, within the boundaries, presumably, of the old Meryan settlement. The result was a powerful fortress, small but well fortified.
The site of the fortified settlement is rounded in terms of shape and measures approx. 340х230 m., Area approx. 9.5 hectares, surrounded by an annular rampart with a height of 4-6 m. With a width at the base of 18-20 m. And a strongly flooded moat in front of it, currently having a depth of 0.8-1.2 m. With a width of 25-28 m. The total length of the ramparts is approx .1 km. Ramparts have survived almost along the entire perimeter, except for a small part near the Archangel Michael Monastery. Investigation of the southern rampart showed that it was poured in the 12th century, in two stages. The embankment consisted of loam with a large amount of humus interlayers. Intra-shaft structures were not found.
In the fortification system there are gaps from three passage gates 25-50 m wide: northern - Rostov, southeastern - Vladimir, south-western - Moscow (later).
Wooden fortifications stood on the ramparts.
The name of the city speaks for the fact that, it seems, he built it as his own residence. However, his other brainchild - Pereslavl Zalessky - turned out to be more successful. Dolgoruky did not really manage to live in Yuryev. Dolgoruky was captivated by the beauty of the place. He needed a foothold among the rebellious Mary. It's like that. But the Brockhaus-Euphron dictionary wonders why it was even necessary to build a city in this economically disastrous place. Yuriev became provincial in ancient times.

Dolgoruky's grandson, the son of Vsevolod (and the Czech princess Maria), the prince in 1212 after the death of his father received the city of Yuryev (1212 - 1238) as his inheritance.
In 1212 Yuriev was the center of a small independent principality, which was separated from the Vladimir-Suzdal land and was under the control of Svyatoslav.
After Svyatoslav returned to Yuryev. The prince did a lot for the city.

In the same years, he founded the Archangel Michael Monastery.

Michael the Archangel Monastery

Archangel Michael Monastery. Photo of nch. Twentieth century

In 1238, the troops of Batu, during the capture of St. George's-Polsky, ravaged the monastery, and for almost two centuries it stood in desolation.

The towers are "massive, in the manner" of the 16th century, with figured windows.

Only three towers remain from antiquity, they are "massive, in the manner" of the 16th century, with figured windows.

Pond on the territory of the monastery

The builders of the walls at one time faced a difficult problem: there is a pond on the territory of the monastery ("ark" - their dugs are of a strictly defined size). A small stream flowed out of the pond. I had to build a passage for this water. The water did erode the walls, which, probably, necessitated their repair in this particular area in the XXIII century. The battle course of the walls, where we managed to trace it, is purely decorative.

Michael the Archangel Cathedral

In 1560, thanks to Prince M.I. The first stone two-story cathedral church with the Ilyinsky border was rebuilt in the Kubensky monastery. The church has undergone many alterations and renovations.
In 1685, Princess Sophia and the Russian tsars Ivan V and Peter I were on pilgrimage at the Yuryev-Polsky Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk monastery.
Construction began in 1792 Michael the Archangel Cathedral(completed in 1806).
In 1804, the merchant's wife of Yuryev Avdotya Vasilyeva allocated money for the construction of a three-tiered iconostasis for the Archangel Michael Cathedral.
In 1817, Akulina Andreevna Pestova donated funds for gilding the iconostases of the Church of the Sign of the Mother of God and the Archangel Michael Cathedral.
Inventory of ancient objects of the monastery early. XX century:
“In the iconostasis of the Arkhangelsk Church there is a wooden three-tiered with columns, cornices and carved decorations of the royal gates, carved with six images on the boards: the Annunciation of the Most Holy Theotokos and 4 Evangelists and local icons - the descent of Jesus Christ into hell, the Ascension of the Lord (on the Savior, God Mothers and 2 angels chased silver crowns with tsats, and on 4 angels without tsats), Cathedral of the Archangel Michael, the Dormition of the Most Holy Theotokos, the Sign of the Most Holy Theotokos and St. the prophet Elijah. All these icons are of the same size - about 2 arshins in height and about 1 arshin in width; written by a certain Semyon Streshnev from the city of Kineshma, probably no later than 1792, the time of the last reconstruction of the Arkhangelsk Church.
Banner, embroidered with silks, depicting the prophet Elijah and St. Archangel Michael of the 17th century (stored in) ".

Michael the Archangel Church. 1772-1809

The Archangel Michael Church housed exhibition "Artistic woodcarving".

Temple of the Sign of the Mother of God

In 1630, a new kletskaya church appeared in the monastery, consecrated in honor of the prophet Elijah.
In 1625, a one-domed, two-story refectory was built Church of the Sign of the Mother of God, on the lower floor there were storage tents. The external view of this church was an oblong quadrangle - almost without any decoration.
In the meal on its southern side in 1792, a chapel was built in the name of St. the prophet Elijah, brought here from the abolished church.
In 1814, on the north side, a chapel was added in the name of the Kazan Mother of God.

Znamenskaya refectory church

Znamenskaya Refectory Church and Archimandrite Corps

In 1809, the merchant's wife of Yuryev Avdotya Vasilyeva allocated funds for the roof of the Church of the Sign and the refectory chamber of the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk Monastery.
In 1814 Akulina Andreevna Pestova donated funds for church utensils for the monastery.
Died in 1817, Inspector.
In the 1860s he managed the monastery.

In 1763, the St. George Church was erected on the territory of the Archangel Michael Monastery.
Adjacent to the Church of the Sign of the Mother of God is a two-storey Archimandrite building built in 1763, which housed the abbot's chambers, fraternal stakes and various economic services.

Archimandrite Corps

There are expositions in the building of the Archimandrite Corps Yurievsky Historical, Architectural and Art Museum:
- Peasantry and agriculture of Vladimir Opolye;
- History of the Yuryev-Polsky district.

Church of St. John the Evangelist

In 1654, the “holy gates” were built in the western wall of the monastery.
In 1670, a five-domed Theological Church (John the Evangelist).

Gate Church of St. John the Evangelist (1654-1670)

In the monastery there were many gifts from Prince D.M. Pozharsky, who had a fiefdom not far from Yuryev - the village of Luchinskoye.

Free-standing, extremely original Bell tower was built in 1684. In 1687 the second largest bell for the monastery's bell tower was cast. He weighed 109 pounds.
The bell weighing 60 pounds in 1685 was attached by the widow Anfisa Pechatova in the eternal commemoration of her husband Theodore Matfiev. The bell weighing 109 pounds was bought in Moscow in 1688 with the monastic funds.

Bell tower

In 1804 the bells were merged and hung by the zeal of Peter Petrovich Kartsev: to the cathedral at 518 poods, to the Archangel Monastery at 318 poods, to the Pokrovsky parish at 210 pounds.
In the beginning. XX century. the bell tower had 9 bells: 6 large and 3 small. The largest rivet weighed 320 pounds. According to the recollections of old-timers, the ringing of the Mikhailo-Arkhangelsk bells favorably differed from other ringing of local parish churches; often people even came from the villages to listen to the bell ringing of "Archangel Michael". The bell-ringer at that time was Hierodeacon Galaktion (later - the perspicacious elder). Forty years old, from a peasant, he graduated from a rural school.

After the Bolsheviks came to power, the bells were thrown from the belfry and their further fate is unknown.

Types of ringing:
Blagovest- one of the most ancient bells of the Orthodox Church and is called so because it carries the good, joyful news of the beginning of the service.
Chime- represents a sad and solemn ringing in turn in each bell or chime (one or several times), from the largest to the smallest, and symbolizes the "exhaustion" of our Lord Jesus Christ for the sake of our salvation.
Ringing- is it ringing all the bells or beating. In its form, it is not limited, so the ringer himself chooses the composition of the bells or beats used, as well as the rhythm, dynamics and composition of the performance.

In 1685, Tsarevna Sophia and the Russian tsars Ivan V and Peter I were on pilgrimage at the monastery. “The Gospel on a sheet, printed in Moscow in 1684, is overlaid with crimson velvet woven with silver. On the front plate of its 5 silver gilded hallmarks - in the middle is the Savior with the forthcoming Mother of God and John the Baptist, and in the corners there is the 4th Evangelist. Near the middle image, on the sides, the following words are carved: “Summer ... (1685) June 23, on the 23rd day of God's mercy, the great sovereigns tsars and great princes Ioann Alekseevich, Petr Alekseevich, all the great and small and white Russia and the autocrats and their great sister and noble princess Grand Duchess Sofia Alekseevna deigned to build this holy gospel into their state devotional church of St. George's Polskiy in the Archengelsk monastery after her brother, the great sovereign, the tsar and Grand Duke Theodore Alekseevich, all the great and the little one of Russia. On the back board, in the corners and in the middle, there are 5 silver small carved stamps. Silver clasps. Weight with sheets and lids 20 ¾ lbs. "
“Silver altar cross, chased gilded, with particles of St. relics; at the bottom of the handle on the back side is engraved "1705" Weight in cross with 1 lb. tree and 72 spools.
The Gospel on a large sheet of Alexandria, printed in Moscow in 1759. Its measure is 15 ¾ vertices long, 7 vertices wide. Covered with chased silver. On the obverse there are 5 oval-shaped images on enamels, showered with rhinestones, images of the Savior and 4 evangelists. Donated by Yurievsk merchant Feodor Ivanov Shevelkin.
Gospel on a sheet, printed in Moscow in 1791; overlaid with crimson velvet. On the front panel there are 5 embossed hallmarks with the image of the risen Savior and 4 evangelists. On the back board there is a copper silvered chased cut-through image of a tree, at the root of which Jesus Christ is reclining, in the middle of the tree is the Mother of God with the Eternal Child. Between the branches in 10 round hallmarks - the suffering of the Savior and St. apostles ".

In 1764, the Yuryevsky Peter and Paul Monastery, founded as a male Metropolitan of Suzdal Hilarion, was abolished. Wooden Church of the Apostles Peter and Paul entered the jurisdiction of the Arkhangelsk Monastery. In 1825, the diocesan authorities decided to abolish the Peter and Paul Church and give it over to the Archangel Monastery. In 1830 the church was destroyed.

In 1725, various deserts and monasteries were assigned to the Arkhangelsk Monastery:
1. In the Suzdal district, the Spassky Monastery on the Kuksa River; there was an abbess - now the village of Spass-Kuksa.
2. St. George Monastery, which is an oak church, in the Yuryevsky district. There was a cemetery near the church and parishioners from the village of Turabiev were buried here.
3. The Intercession Monastery of the Shuisky District in the village of Ivanovo. Prince Alexei Mikhailovich of Cherkassk gave the money to this monastery for 29 rubles and 50 quarters of bread.
4. Vorobyevskaya hermitage, in the Shuisky district, near the village of Dunilovo.
5. Voznesenskaya Hermitage was located 70 miles from Suzdal.
6. Kosmodemyanskaya desert, 80 miles away. from Suzdal, and 125 versts from Yuriev.
7. Svyatoezerskaya hermitage, 115 versts from St. George's, and there were buildings in it: three churches, a fence, cells - all made of wood.
8. Peter and Paul Monastery - in the field, the distance from St. George's in one verst.

“Fotinia was in the mood for both the Countess and Photius to replace the Feodorovsk monastery with an abbess and replace hers: but I stubbornly resisted. Hieromonk of the Yuryevsk Monastery Arseny was in Pereslavl with the Countess. I ordered to catch him if he comes next time. To my grief, Fotinia ... ”(From the letter of Venerable Parthenia to Metropolitan Seraphim. December 18, 1833.).

In 1862, a free Sunday School.
In April 1888, His Eminence Theognost entrusted (1829-1895) with the management of the Yuryevsky Archangel Monastery.
In 1918 the Archangel Michael Monastery was closed.
was founded in 1919 in a temporary building (the building of the former Khlebnikov rooms, after the revolution occupied by a school of the second stage). In 1922 he was transferred to the permanent premises of the Archangel Michael Monastery and opened for viewing.
On November 24, 1924, the Interdepartmental Commission of the NKP nationalized and assigned to the museum department of the Main Science Department the areas of the territory of the St. George Cathedral and the Arkhangelsk Monastery with all the buildings.

Georgievskaya wooden church(1718) was transported from the village of Yegorye in 1968. The church is an example of ancient cages' churches, which are based on the architecture of a Russian hut. The main artistic effect of this structure lies in the contrast between the squat, wide base of the temple and the strongly raised top. The temple was built without the use of saws and nails.

Georgievskaya wooden church

After a while, another old wooden church appeared on the posad, which burned down in 1998.

Church of the Intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary from the village of Chernokulovo. 1988 Phot. Chebotar Alexander Mirchevich

The overhead chapel. XVIII century

According to legend, the spring appeared at a time when, according to a very strict charter, monks did not have the right to go outside the monastery walls, and after a common prayer, a spring suddenly gushed right in the monastery. Now the spring is consecrated again and you can take water from it.

Vorobyovskaya-Uspenskaya male hermitage

Spaso-Kukotsky or Savior on Kuks Monastery

Spaso-Nereditsky or Savior on the Gorodischi Monastery

Founded, probably at the end of the 12th century.
For a long time it was assigned to the Yuryev Monastery.
Abolished in 1764.

Church of the Savior on Nereditsa, photo 1900

Church of the Savior on Nereditsa(Spas on Mount Nereditsa, Spas-Nereditsa) - the Church of the Transfiguration of the Lord, located 1.5 km south of Veliky Novgorod on the right bank of the former channel of Maly Volkhovets, on a small hill next to Rurik Gorodishche.
Built in one season around 1198 under the Novgorod prince Yaroslav Vladimirovich in memory of two dead sons.
The temple has one dome, cubic type, four pillars, three apses. Fresco paintings occupied the entire surface of the walls and constituted one of the unique and most significant pictorial ensembles in Russia. The murals were actively studied and described from the beginning of the century to the 30s. XX century
There was a Spaso-Nereditskiy, or Savior on the Gorodishche men's monastery on the Gorodishche around the church.
During the Great Patriotic War, the church was in the area of active hostilities, and during 1941-1943. was continuously fired upon by artillery. As a result, only the eastern part of the church was preserved: the apse and small pieces of the northern and southern walls. Almost all the paintings have been lost. Nevertheless, thanks to the preserved descriptions, copies and photographs, the iconographic material from the Church of the Transfiguration on Nereditsa remains one of the most used in comparative analysis.
The church was restored in 1956 - 1958.

Church of the Savior on Nereditsa

Yuryev-Polsky. Mikhailo-Archangels cue monastery

Cathedral Church of the Archangel Michael was destroyed in 1408 during the next capture of the city, this time by Edigey, and was soon rebuilt again. In 1535, there is a wooden church of Michael the Archangel with the side-altar of the Prophet Elijah, rebuilt by the support of the Grand Duke Vasily Ioannovich. In 1560, the first stone church was built; the funds for its construction were donated by Prince Ivan Mikhailovich Kubensky. In 1636, the temple was surrounded on three sides by porches, and at the end of the 18th century the dilapidated building was dismantled. The construction of the new cathedral was carried out at the expense of the residents of the city; work began in 1792 and ended in 1806. The interior decoration of the temple continued for about two more years, and in 1808 Bishop Xenophon (Troepolsky), who arrived specially from Vladimir, consecrated the new cathedral. Despite the time of construction, the temple retains architectural features of the middle of the 18th century, and some even of the 17th century. The tall, slender, pillarless building with five chapters is richly decorated with rustication, combined with carved cornices and friezes. The cathedral kept the image of Michael the Archangel, which in 1812 the abbot of the monastery Nikon gave with him the 5th regiment of the Vladimir militia. The icon went through the entire war and in 1814 returned to the monastery. Many abbots of the monastery were buried in the Archangel Michael Cathedral, including the tomb of the son of the monastery founder, schema-monk Prince Dmitry Svyatoslavich, who died in 1269. In the temple to this day, two ancient monastic icons have been preserved, revered as miraculous. In Soviet times interior decoration the cathedral was destroyed, the building housed the exhibition halls of the museum, which are there to this day. But several years ago, by agreement with the Vladimir diocese, divine services began to be held in the church again.

Refectory Church of the Icon of the Mother of God "Sign" was built in
1625 year. It is a simple, low temple with an extensive refectory. It connects from the west with the kelar or sacristy chamber and cellars. This large complex is connected by a passageway with stone archimandrite and brotherly buildings which were built in 1763.

The true decoration of the monastery - gate church of St. John the Evangelist- was built in 1670. It very harmoniously echoes the later cathedral of Michael the Archangel (it is possible that the cathedral was built taking into account the appearance of this beautiful and graceful church). Closely set chapters on thin drums give the temple an additional upward aspiration. The holy gate, on which the church itself stands, was built a little earlier, in 1654.

Standing next to the cathedral, a separate Bell tower was built in the years 1685-1688. This is a beautiful massive octahedral structure, the edges of which are dotted with decorations. The bell tower is completed by a high tent with three rows of "rumors". There were nine bells on the ringing tier, among which there were very interesting antique examples. So, for example, two bells were cast in the 17th century, one - for the contribution of the widow Anfisa Pochatova, who thus ensured eternal remembrance for her husband. The largest bell, weighing 320 pounds (about 5250 kg), was donated to the monastery in 1804 by the Yuryev merchant of the 1st guild, Peter Petrovich Kartsev. This bell broke in 1807 and was re-cast in Vladimir. Unfortunately, not a single bell has survived during the Soviet era.

Walls and towers monastery fences were rebuilt in stone in the 17th-18th centuries, before they were wooden. But the fence was made of stone already in the 16th century, and later it was only being rebuilt. The most preserved old wall monastery, western, dating back to 1535. Preserved in a rebuilt form and three ancient towers, on which you can see the surviving loopholes of all types of defensive combat, which were done in those days.

In the courtyard of the monastery there are two monuments of wooden architecture. One of them is small and modest overhead chapel, however, has a rich history. According to legend, the spring appeared at a time when, according to a very strict charter, monks had no right to go outside the monastery walls, and after a common prayer, a spring suddenly gushed right in the monastery. Now the spring is consecrated again and you can take water from it.

Wooden St. George's Church from the village of Egorie(1718) was transferred to the monastery in 1967-1968 by L.V. and V.M. Anisimov. This church is all that remains of the ancient St. George Monastery, the first mention of which dates back to 1565. The church is small, but slender and graceful, and it fits perfectly into the general monastery ensemble.
In Soviet times, the monastery was closed, and the archimandrite building was given to the museum, but not immediately, but only with the assistance of the famous architect and restorer P.D. Baranovsky. In the rest of the buildings, various institutions were located, for example, a mill was built in the cathedral. Gradually, however, the museum occupied the entire complex of the monastery, and today it continues to remain there. Its expositions reflect the entire history of the Yuryevsky opolye, collected a lot of icons and paintings, objects of art and everyday life. You can also climb the bell tower to look at the entire monastery from above and enjoy its views again.