Rural population presentation. Urban and rural population of Russia. Forms of rural settlement
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Urban and rural population Presentation for the lesson of geography in the 9th grade Zinovieva EL, teacher of geography, GOU SOSH No. 18, MoscowSlide 2
Lesson plan Resettlement. Types of settlements. Urbanization, degree of urbanization. The history of the creation of Russian cities. Russian cities (classified by population and function). Urban agglomeration. Rural Russia.
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Resettlement is the result of the settlement process, that is, a set of settlements in a given territory. Settlement single-family dwellings (farms) compactly built-up plot with the necessary equipment for the life and work of people
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Types of settlements Settlements rural urban cities urban-type settlements stanitsa khutor settlement village village aul
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Urbanization Urbanization is the growth of cities and urban populations, their growing role and the spread of urban lifestyles. The process of urbanization is caused by the following reasons: the transition from an agrarian to an industrial society due to the development of industrial production; the development of non-production city-forming activities; intensification of agriculture and reduction of employment in it.
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The history of the creation of Russian cities Ancient Russia was a country of cities. The Normans called Russia "Gardarika", i.e. "Country of cities". The first cities appeared in the 1st millennium AD. In the IX century. the annals mention the cities of Novgorod, Rostov the Great, Smolensk, Murom. By the 12th century, there were already about 150 cities. During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, more than 2/3 of the cities were destroyed and almost 1/3 of them did not revive. Novgorod Veliky Rostov Veliky Murom
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During the time of Peter I, many new cities were founded. Everyone knows about the "window to Europe" - St. Petersburg. And under Catherine II, the territorial division of Russia was changed, 500 counties were created, for which county centers were established. Many villages (165) received the status of a city. The history of the creation of Russian cities St. Petersburg
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The history of the creation of Russian cities In the nineteenth century, cities, as strongholds, were formed on the borders of the Russian Empire: in the Far East (Vladivostok, Blagoveshchensk), in the Caucasus (Grozny, Vladikavkaz). More than 600 cities were formed after the October Revolution. Most of all, industrial centers arose in Siberia, in the North, in the Far East. Vladivostok Blagoveshchensk Vladikavkaz
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The history of the creation of Russian cities In the middle of the twentieth century. cities of science - "science cities" (near Moscow - Dubna, Reutov, Zelenograd, Troitsk, etc.) arose near large cities. Resorts have grown in the Crimea, on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (Yalta, Sochi). Cities appeared - centers of the military industry, the so-called closed cities (ghost towns). Yalta
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Levels of urbanization low-urbanized medium-urbanized highly urbanized up to 20% from 20 to 50% over 50% Which group of countries does Russia belong to by the level of urbanization? Ratio of urban and rural population Levels of urbanization !! Work with Appendix No. 1 of the textbook (pp. 282-289). Using the data in the table, write down the subjects of the Russian Federation with the highest level of urbanization (85% or more) and the lowest level of urbanization (30% or less). Explain the features of urbanization in these regions of the Russian Federation.
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A city in Russia is considered to be a settlement with a population of at least 12 thousand people, provided that 85% of its residents are employees, as well as members of their families (i.e., they perform mainly non-agricultural functions). An urban-type settlement is a settlement with a population of at least 3 thousand people, provided that 85% of its residents are not employed in agriculture. Urban dwellers in Russia are residents of cities and urban-type settlements. Cities of Russia urban settlement Zaoksky Tver Kaluga
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Classification of cities by population size: small - up to 50 thousand people medium - up to 100 thousand people large - up to 250 thousand people large - up to 500 thousand people largest - up to 1 million people Millionaire cities Classification of cities in Russia as of January 1 2007 1095 settlements have the status of the city of Irkutsk
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Cities with a population of over 500 thousand people Russian cities Analyze the map. Where are the cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people located? Write down the names of the millionaire cities in your notebook. How many millionaire cities are there in Russia? Which regions of Russia have the most millionaire cities?
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Functions of cities The functions of settlements are the role, purpose of settlements in society. Classification of cities by function political and administrative industrial transport trade scientific military recreational If a city performs several functions simultaneously, such a city is multifunctional Give examples of Russian cities performing each function and multifunctional cities.
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Urban agglomeration Urban agglomerations are groups of closely located cities, united by close ties: labor, cultural, domestic, industrial, infrastructural.
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!! Determine on the map around which large cities urban agglomerations have formed. What satellite cities do these cities have? Urban agglomeration
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Rural Russia Analyze the map. Where are most of the large rural settlements concentrated? Why?
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Practical work. Using the text of the textbook (Alekseev A.I., § 17), atlas maps, fill in the table "Features of rural settlements". Zonal specificity of rural settlements. Rural Russia Natural zones Features of the economy The nature of rural settlement Environmental problems Ways to solve them 1. Tundra and forest-tundra 2. Northern part of the forest zone 3. Southern part of the forest zone 4. Forest-steppe and steppe zone 5. Dry steppes and semi-deserts 6. Mountain areas Natural zones Features farming Nature of rural settlement Environmental problems Ways to solve them 1.Tundra and forest-tundra Reindeer pastoralism, hunting, fishing Rarely focal with large villages on the banks of rivers Disturbance and alteration of the landscape, trampling of vegetation Allocation of plots for reindeer husbandry, licenses hunting 2. Northern part of the forest zone Logging, livestock production in flooded meadows, several% of the entire territory is plowed up. Focal with large villages on the banks of rivers Destruction of forests, disturbance of landscapes, trampling of vegetation Correct technological process in forest harvesting, allocation of pastures 3.South part of the forest zone Selective nature of agriculture, 30-40% of the territory is plowed up Network settlements are dense, but settlements are small (up to 100 people). Change of poor soils, trampling of vegetation. Allocation of plots for arable land and cattle grazing, application of fertilizers to the soil. 4. Forest-steppe and steppe zone Continuous agricultural development The networks of settlements are less dense, the settlements themselves are larger (up to 1000 people and more). Change of landscapes, pollution of water bodies near agricultural work The latest agrotechnical and rational technologies, reclamation 5.Dry steppes and semi-deserts Focal agriculture at water supply sources Large villages near rivers, far from each other (like in the tundra) Change of landscapes, trampling of plants, deterioration and salinization soil, water pollution. Rational use of natural resources 6.Mountain areas Recreational functions, agriculture in river valleys, animal husbandry on mountain slopes Large villages in valleys, on mountain slopes small settlements Change in landscapes from recreational use, from agricultural development Rational use of recreational and agricultural resources.
The presentation was prepared for a geography lesson in grade 9 on the topic: "Urban and rural population of Russia. Settlement of the population." The presentation reflects the basic concepts of the urban and rural population, the main differences between the city and the village, village; variety of rural settlements. The history of the formation of cities and villages in Russia. The material is supported by photographs of Russian settlements.
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Geography lesson, grade 9 URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF RUSSIA. POPULATION SETTLEMENT. Geography teacher MBOU "Zhitninskaya secondary school" Kashcheeva E.V.
FROM HISTORY In Ancient Russia, there were about 300 cities. Cities were created on rivers, trade routes. The largest cities of Ancient Rus were Novgorod, Smolensk, Murom, Belozersk, etc. During the reign of Peter I, many new cities were built on the territory of Russia, incl. St. Petersburg.
In the XIX century, cities were built: In the Far East - Vladivostok, Blagoveshchensk In the Caucasus - Vladikavkaz, Grozny, Petrovsky port In South Kazakhstan - Verny (Almaty) These cities were strong state points protecting the borders of the empire.
During Soviet times, 600 cities were built, which were industrial centers. Many cities were built in the North of the country in the regions of Siberia and the Far East.
How a city differs from a village Population (a city is considered a settlement where the population exceeds 12 thousand people) Functional feature of the population (urban residents are employed in various industries, in science, i.e. they are engaged in non-agricultural activities)
City classification 1. by population SMALL - - up to 20 thousand inhabitants LARGE - more than 100 thousand inhabitants LARGE - more than 250 thousand inhabitants LARGEST - more than 500 thousand inhabitants CITIES MILLIONAIRE - 1 million or more inhabitants.
2. By function CENTRAL PLACES Capital (Moscow), Unofficial capitals of economic regions - (St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod, Novosibirsk) Centers of republics, territories, regions (Kazan, Tver, etc.)
INDUSTRY CENTERS Industrial centers (Nizhny Tagil) Transport centers (ports of Nakhodka, Novorossiysk) Science cities (Obninsk, Zelenograd) Tourist centers (Suzdal) Resorts (Sochi)
DICTIONARY MEGAPOLIS URBAN AGLOMERATION INFRASTRUCTURE URBANIZATION Task: Prepare the interpretation of terms on your own.
RURAL LOCATIONS Rural settlements are localities with a population of less than 12 thousand people. For residents of rural settlements, the main field of activity is agriculture - agriculture, livestock, poultry. Fishing, etc. The population density of rural settlements depends on soil fertility, the availability of pastures, rivers, and the proximity of transport routes. The village keeps traditions, the city spreads the new.
VARIETY OF RURAL SETTLEMENTS Villages Villages Khutora Stanytsy Auls Transitional form of settlement - urban-type settlement.
Distinctive features of rural settlements The village is a school, a kindergarten, a hospital, a church, shops, agricultural enterprises, household services, etc. The village is a smaller village, there is no church, there is a FAP. The farm - a few houses away from the villages and towns of the urban settlement - the infrastructure is well developed, there are industrial enterprises, enterprises for the processing of agricultural products. Often UGTs are regional centers.
SHARE OF URBAN AND RURAL POPULATION OF RUSSIA 78% of the population is urban. Rural accounts for 22% of the population
Population distribution The average population density is 8.6 persons per 1 sq. Km. In the European part of Russia, the density is 29 people per 1 sq. Km. In Siberia, there are 2.5 people per 1 sq. Km. QUESTION: What is the reason for the uneven distribution of the population on the territory of Russia?
TASK Prepare messages on the topic: Problems of modern cities. Village, village problems. According to the textbook § 8 p. 45
Villages and villages of Russia
There are different villages ...
Mountain village in the Caucasus
Russian city of Perm
There is no single concept of “city” for different countries -More than 200 people - Denmark, Sweden, Finland; -Over 1,000 people - Canada, Australia; -Over 2 thousand people. - Germany, France; -Over 2.5 thousand people - USA, Mexico; -Over 5 thousand people - India, Iran; -Over 10 thousand people - Switzerland, Malaysia; -Over 20 thousand people - Nigeria; -Over 30 thousand people - Japan; -Over 40 thousand people - South Korea.
2. Urbanization The growth of cities, an increase in the proportion of the urban population in the country, region, world, the emergence and development of more complex networks and systems of cities; The historical process of increasing the role of cities and urban population, widespread urban lifestyle; An important component of social and economic development.
2. Concentration of population and economy mainly in big cities; Example: Start. XX century - 360 large cities (5% of the population) XI century - ~ 4 thousand cities. Millionaire Cities: Early XX century - 10; 200 - Russia - 12 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, N. Novgorod, Samara, Omsk, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, RND, Ufa, Volgograd). The Russian Federation is on the 4th place in the world in the number of millionaire cities after China (99), India (37), Brazil (14).
Urban agglomerations 3. "Sprawl" of cities, expansion of the territory - urban agglomerations (territorial groupings of urban and rural settlements). Capitals, important industrial, port centers. The largest metropolitan areas in the world (about 20): Tokyo, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Shanghai, Bombay, Los Angeles, Beijing, Kolkata,….
Division of countries by the level of urbanization The first group - highly urbanized countries (50% of the urban population); The second group is medium-urbanized countries (20-50% of the urban population); The third group is underdeveloped countries (below 20% of the urban population). Rice. 18, 77 (textbook)
Levels of rates of urbanization 1. In developed countries, urbanization continues to develop "in depth", acquiring new forms; 2. In developing countries, where the level of urbanization is lower, it continues "in breadth", and the urban population is increasing. CONCLUSION: there is a rapid development of suburban large cities - suburbanization (urbanization of the suburbs); introduction of urban norms of life in rural settlements - urbanization (rural urbanization).
3. Rural population ½ of the world's population lives in rural areas. There are approximately one million rural settlements in the world. There are 2 forms of rural settlement: group and scattered.
4. Population geography studies the size, structure and distribution of the population considered in the process of social reproduction and interaction with the natural environment. The first direction is geodemographic. Structure, number, fertility and mortality rates, population reproduction. The second direction is geographical. Placement of the population in the world, regions, countries.
5. Geo-urban studies: 1. The main historical stages of urban development; 2. The main features of the modern urbanization process; 3.Geographic aspects of urbanization and the development of large urbanized areas of the world; 4. Networks and systems of cities; 5. Fundamentals of urban design and urban planning.
Conclusion Modern processes of population growth, composition and distribution cause many complex problems, some of them are global in nature, and some are specific to countries of different types. The most important are the continuing rapid growth of the world's population, interethnic relations, and urbanization.
Komi Zyryans. Komi-Perm. Traditional Sami clothing. Culture. Physical and geographical location. Poles. Population. Basic means of transportation. Traditional crafts of the Sami. Karelians. Weaving. Most of the Nenets are reindeer herders. Traditional occupations of the Nenets. The composition of the area. National clothes. The village of Lovozero. The dwelling is a plague. Lopari. Karelian language. Jouhikko. Sami. Karelian hut. European North.
"Scientific complex of Russia" - Cooperation of scientific institutions for the organization of research. 18% of the world's scientists. Technopolises -. Historical. Research institutes, laboratories. Moscow. Scientific complex. Geography of the scientific complex. R&D consumers are located in large cities. Scientific knowledge. The contribution of Russian scientists to the development of world civilization. Factory sector. Implementation zone. Now the number of employees. Higher education sector.
"Omsk" - Religion. 85 religious organizations are registered. National composition of the population according to the 2010 all-Russian census: Economy. Omsk. Omsk is home to 56.1% of all residents of the Omsk region. Population. Coat of arms. The basis of the city's industry is made up of mechanical engineering, petrochemical and aerospace industries. The description of the coat of arms read: “At the top of the shield is the Tobolsk coat of arms. Large transport hub.
Angarsk - Angarsk Petrochemical Company. Angarsk is an important pipeline transport hub. It is a city of the regional level (subordination) and the administrative center of the Angarsk region. "Angarsk is a city born of victory!" Population. Industry. The Trans-Siberian Railway and the federal highway M53 "Baikal" pass through the territory of the region. Also in Angarsk there is auto, electric and railway transport.
"The economy of the Central region of Russia" is a visiting card of the Central region. Industrial model of the economy. The method of landing at the computer. Give a description of the farm. Computer work. Wires. The cost of goods and services. Do not touch the monitor screen. Computer. District-locomotive. Avoid sudden movements. The composition of the services provided in the Central District. Be careful. Safety precautions and workplace organization.
"Peoples of Eastern Siberia" - Semeyskiy - Old Believers of Transbaikalia, ethnographic group of Russians. Siberian peasants dressed with a pretense of smartness. The traditional dwelling of the Altaians is ail. Throat singing. Tuvans have preserved their national identity. Peoples of Eastern Siberia. The national costume of the Buryats. Historical and ethnographic map of Siberia. Clothing. The Evenks trained deer. A small Evenk people. Tuvans. Russians.
- The countryside can live on its own using fields, meadows and forests. The countryside is the keeper of tradition.
Writing in the notebook of the concept of "resettlement" (slide).
What determines the settlement of a person on the surface of the Earth? (slide)
What forms of settlement can exist?
What is the peculiarity of the rural form of settlement?
What forms of rural settlements exist? (slide)
What are the pros and cons of urban and rural life?
Why a rural settlement should not be large (slide).
In Russia, there are 150,000 rural settlements of various types. They are home to about 40 million people (27% of the country's population). Most of the rural population lives in areas with particularly favorable climatic conditions for agriculture (North Caucasus).
Areas with a high proportion of the rural population: Ingushetia, Chechnya, the Altai Republic, Kalmykia, Dagestan, Tyva (the task is to find these areas on the atlas map).
Forms of rural settlements (slide).
Zonal types of rural settlements. Students write in a notebook:
1) In the tundra zones, the population is engaged in pasture reindeer husbandry, hunting and fishing - typical “focal settlement”. 2) In the taiga zones there is livestock raising in flooded meadows along the rivers - typical "focal settlement" and small villages. 3) In zones of mixed forests, up to 40% of the territory is plowed up, and the distance between settlements is no more than 3 km.
4) Zones of steppes and forest-steppes - an area of continuous agriculture with a less dense network of settlements, in which up to 30,000 people live. 5) In semi-deserts, agriculture is again "focal" and is tied to rare water sources, and people live in river valleys. 6) In mountainous areas, rural settlements are subject to altitudinal zonation: the higher the mountains, the smaller the villages.
Formulate the main problem of the village.
Where do you see the solution to this problem?
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"Presentation for the lesson" Rural settlement of the population "Grade 9"
RURAL SETTLEMENT
- What does it depend on
resettlement of a person on
surface of the Earth?
- What forms of settlement can exist?
- What is the feature
rural form
resettlement?
SETTLEMENT FORMS This is a system of settlements that people form, mastering and populating any territory Settlement is called a set of settlements for some or the territory formed in the process of its development There are two main forms of settlement:
- Rural
- Urban
Rural settlement
Rural life is characterized by the proximity of the person's place of work with place of his residence. therefore settlements should not be large. Why?
Altai Republic - 76%
- Name the capital
Altai republics
- Show the Altai Republic on the map
Forms of rural settlement
There are two main forms of rural settlement:
Russia is characterized by a group form of settlement, in which
there are many rural types of settlements:
Group (village)
Scattered (farm)
Villages
Selo
Auls
Villages
Stanitsy
Camps
NOMADIC DISTRIBUTION FORM
Typical for regions with unfavorable climatic conditions for agriculture. This is where the population moves together with herds of pets
- In which subjects
federation this form
resettlement widespread?
ZONE C / X TYPES In the tundra zones, the population is engaged in pastoral reindeer herding, hunting and fishing - typical "focal settlement" In the taiga zones there is livestock raising on flooded meadows along the rivers - "focal settlement" and small villages are typical. In mixed forest zones, up to 40% of the territory is plowed, and points no more than 3 km
ZONE C / X TYPES
Zones of steppes and forest-steppe - an area of continuous agriculture with less a dense network of settlements in which up to 30,000 people live In semi-deserts, agriculture is again "focal" and is tied to rare water sources, and people live in river valleys In mountainous areas, rural settlements are subject to high-rise zonation: the higher the mountains, the smaller the villages
SUBURBAN AGRICULTURE
Zonal picture of rural farms are disturbed around large cities. Here is a way of life close to the city, and people doing such rural an economy that could provide city residents necessary food
- What food
will produce
suburban rural
farm?
HOMEWORK
Clause 12
Questions 2, 3, 5 (check knowledge)
Question 2 (difficult questions)
