What drops can be instilled into the nose. What are the best nose drops for a cold, for children, adults, for congestion. Video: vasoconstrictor nasal drops, Dr. Komarovsky

A runny nose is an unpleasant disease in which not only nasal congestion and profuse discharge appear, but worsens general state... Depending on the cause of the pathology, symptoms may be expressed to a greater or lesser extent.

Nasal drops are prescribed taking into account the severity of the disease, the type of provoking factor, as well as the presence of concomitant pathology in humans.

Nasal drops from the common cold have a different composition, mechanism of action and duration of the therapeutic effect. Here are the most commonly prescribed nasal drops for rhinitis:

• vasoconstrictor;
• mucolytic;
• antiseptic;
• antihistamines;
• hormonal;
• saline.

Vasoconstrictor drugs

The mechanism of action of the drugs of this group is due to the contact of the active substance with the adrenergic receptors of the blood vessels of the nasopharynx, as a result of which the latter are spasmodic. A few minutes after the instillation of the nasal passages, there is a decrease in the severity of tissue edema, the volume of secretions and relief of breathing.

The main disadvantage of vasoconstrictor drugs is their quick addiction.

Against the background of prolonged use of nasal drops with a cold, the sensitivity of the receptors to the active substance is lost. To obtain the initial therapeutic effect, a larger volume of the drug must be instilled.

If vasoconstrictor drugs are used in doses significantly higher than the norm, rhinitis medication develops, which is quite difficult to get rid of.

Important information

To reduce the volume of nasal discharge, it is recommended to instill 1-2 drops in each nasal passage. Depending on the composition of the medication, drops for a cold can provide sufficient patency of the nasal passages for 4-12 hours.

Healing drops have some side effects. They include:

• allergic reactions in the form of urticaria, burning in the nose;
• increased heart rate;
• violation of the cardiac rhythm;
• the rise blood pressure;
• dryness of the nasal mucosa;
• headache.

Even the best drops from a common cold have contraindications that should be taken into account:

• individual intolerance to the components of the drug;
• atrophic type of rhinitis. In this case, vasoconstrictor drugs predispose to disease progression;
• uncontrolled hypertension;
• glaucoma;
• tachycardia;
• pronounced atherosclerotic vascular lesion;
• hyperfunction of the thyroid gland.

In addition, dosages and age restrictions are important (for both children and adults). Adults also need to be especially careful when using vasoconstrictor drugs while on antidepressant treatment.

In adults, unlike children, the risk side effects much lower. Despite this, rhinitis medication is often diagnosed in adulthood. As for the period of pregnancy, drops against the common cold are prescribed exclusively by a doctor.

Types of drops

All nasal drops that help reduce nasal discharge can be divided into groups. The classification is based on the active substance. Here is a list of ximetazoline-based vasoconstrictors:

The listed drugs last up to 6 hours. They are available in the form of a solution with various concentrations, which allows them to be used in childhood (0.05%).

If the active ingredient in the drug is Naphazoline, it is necessary to beware of rapid addiction. These drugs include Naphtizin, Sanorin. They last up to 4 hours and are considered short-acting medicines.

The most common in use are drops for rhinitis based on oxymetazoline. Their effect can last up to 10 hours. These drops include:

• Nazivin;
• Nazol;
• Nesopin;
• Knoxprey.

Mucolytics

What nasal drops help get rid of thick snot? A runny nose goes through three successive stages. Initially, there is a watery discharge from the nose, which is difficult to control. Over time, the snot becomes thicker and takes on a yellowish tint. With a normal level of immunity, recovery occurs in 4-5 days. If nasal discharge persists and a green tinge appears, it is worth suspecting the development of sinusitis. In this case, it is recommended to use mucolytics.

Their action is aimed at reducing the viscosity of mucus, restoring drainage function and preventing the accumulation of secretions. The doctor may prescribe drugs with this name:

• Rinofluimucil;
• Sinuforte (plant based).

They have a mucolytic, anti-edema effect. In addition, the drugs fight infectious pathogens, activate metabolic processes and improve the delivery of immune components to the inflammatory focus.

Application features

Mucolytic drops for the treatment of a common cold can be used for up to two weeks. They are recommended for chronic sinusitis and acute rhinitis of various origins.

What drops treat a runny nose? The effectiveness of therapy can be increased several times if Sinuforte is combined with an antibacterial drug, for example, Isofra.

Contraindications include pregnancy, severe cardiovascular disease and individual intolerance. In rare cases, after instillation of the nasal cavities, a burning sensation may appear, skin rashes, increased salivation and lacrimation.

Antiseptics

What drops from the common cold are best used for infectious rhinitis? Antibacterial drugs are prescribed taking into account the type of pathogenic microorganisms that caused the disease. For diagnosis, nasal swabs are collected, followed by microscopic and bacteriological examination. Based on the test results, the treatment tactics are determined.

Medicines such as Bioparox contain an antibacterial agent. It can be combined with a hormonal and vasoconstrictor substance, like Polydexa.

Thanks to the regular use of these drops, the severity of the inflammatory process is reduced by eliminating microbes (as the cause of the disease). The drugs are capable of completely destroying the infection or blocking the multiplication of pathogenic pathogens.

Isofra can be prescribed in childhood, as well as during gestation. Restrictions apply to people who are allergic to framycetin. In the case of prolonged use of the drug, a violation of the microflora of the nasopharynx and a decrease in local immunity are possible.

Polydexa is the most effective drops, since they have a combined composition. The drug has significantly more contraindications. They include:

Also good drops for the common cold - Protargol, Miramistin, Dioxidin. They are not addictive, are widely used not only in otolaryngology, but surgery, urogynecology.

Medicines have antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. Contraindications for Protargol include intolerance to silver and albumin. After instillation of the nasal passages, itching sensations, dryness of the nasal mucosa, and headache may occur.

Antihistamines

Antihistamine drops are prescribed for allergic rhinitis to reduce mucosal edema and facilitate nasal breathing.

Effective drops for the common cold:

• Levocabastine (Tizin Alerji);
• Allergodil;
• Kromosol.

Each drug has a specific mechanism of action, due to which it is possible to choose the maximum effective drugs for every case of allergic rhinitis.

Allergodil

The drug is prescribed widely enough due to its powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic action. It can be used for hay fever or year-round rhinitis. Among the contraindications, attention should be paid to the intolerance of azelastine, which is the active ingredient of Allergodil. In addition, the drug is not used until the age of six. As for the period of pregnancy, Allergodil is allowed, since it does not have a mutogenic effect on the embryo. After nasal instillation, in rare cases, there may be a burning sensation, itching sensations in the nasopharynx, frequent sneezing and nasal bleeding.

The appearance of a bitter taste in the mouth is a consequence of improper administration of the medicine.

The drug can be used for six months, but requires dynamic medical supervision.

Kromosol

Drops from the common cold Kromosol are prescribed for prophylactic purposes for hay fever, as well as for the treatment of allergies. Contraindications include hypersensitivity, lactation period, under five years of age, pregnancy. Caution should be observed in the presence of polyposis growths in the nasal cavities, renal, liver failure. Adults need to instill three drops up to four times a day.

The duration of the course is 4 weeks, after which the dose of the drug should be reduced for 10 days until it is completely canceled.

Due to the membrane-stabilizing action, the release of biologically active components that stimulate the development of allergies is blocked. Of the side reactions, we single out:

• irritation of the mucous membrane;
• burning sensations;
• frequent sneezing;
• cough;
• increased rhinorrhea;
• headache;
• unpleasant taste sensations;
• nasal bleeding.

Hormonal drops

In some cases, rhinitis cannot be cured with antihistamines and antibacterial agents, so the doctor may decide to prescribe corticosteroids. They have powerful anti-inflammatory, anti-edema and antihistamine effects.

Long-term use of hormonal nasal agents can be accompanied by addiction and a decrease in the immune defense of the nasopharyngeal mucosa.

Indications for hormone therapy:

• vasomotor rhinitis;
• allergic rhinitis;
• atrophic, hypertrophic rhinitis;
• polyposis;
• medicated rhinitis.

Usually, corticosteroids are prescribed as part of a combination therapy. Nowadays, there is a wide variety of drugs, which allows you to choose the most acceptable in terms of price, composition and duration of action.

Steroid medicines include:

• Beconase;
• Nasobek;
• Nazonex;
• Avamis;
• Aldecin.

In most cases, hormonal drops are administered once a day. They act locally, are not absorbed into the general bloodstream, and therefore do not have a systemic effect.

Contraindications include hypersensitivity to the components of the drug. Among the side effects, we focus on:

1. nasal bleeding;
2. ulcerative lesion of the nasopharyngeal mucosa;
3. headache.

Systemic adverse reactions occur when the recommended dose is exceeded, as well as prolonged use of steroid drops.

Saline solutions

A separate group of drugs is made up of salt solutions based on seawater. They have a positive effect on the nasopharyngeal mucosa, namely:

• cleanse the inner surface of the nose;
• moisturize fabrics;
• accelerate regeneration;
• enhance the protection of the mucous membrane;
• reduce the irritating effect of environmental factors.

Remember that medicinal drops (hormonal, vasoconstrictor, antibacterial) are applied only to the mucous membrane cleaned with saline.

Products based on sea water are absolutely safe. Here are a few of them:

1. Aqualor;
2. Humer;
3. Marimer;
4. Salin;
5. But-salt;
6. Aqua Maris.

Saline is a cheaper substitute for these drugs. Thanks to comprehensive treatment, a runny nose can be cured in a week and prevent the development of serious complications. If attempts at home therapy are unsuccessful, see your doctor.

Every person has used nose drops at least once in their life. They are always in the home medicine cabinet. This is the simplest remedy prescribed by doctors for the common cold. The list of drugs for topical intranasal use is very extensive, and popular names constantly appear in television advertisements.

In the videos, each manufacturer is trying to prove that it is his product that is the best drops for a cold. Although the main active ingredient of the presented drug cannot be universal and provide a therapeutic effect for any disease. However, many people buy intranasal drugs, relying only on a well-known name, without thinking about how to drip a nose, and how to choose the right drops for rhinitis.

Modern pharmaceuticals have really made great strides in the production of various medicines that can quickly cope with the effects of colds, allergies or other diseases that can cause nasal discharge.

All of these products are available over the counter, are affordable and can relieve the acute symptoms of rhinitis. This leads to the fact that when choosing drops to cure snot, a person often ignores the possible causes of a runny nose, trying to achieve short-term relief.

It is difficult to determine an accurate diagnosis without referring to a specialist. But it depends on him whether it is possible to instill a particular remedy in the nose, and during what period the drug is allowed to be used.

The reason why snot has appeared can be serious. A common cold often gives complications such as otitis media, sinusitis, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis. In this case, the most effective drops that always help, for example, from allergic rhinitis, will be useless. If a bacterial infection develops on the mucous membrane of the nasal passages, then medicinal product must necessarily have an antibiotic in its composition. Otherwise, even good nasal drops, the action of which does not apply to pathogenic microorganisms, will not get rid of snot and will not be able to cure the disease.

Therefore, you should not ask the pharmacy which drops will work faster. Only a doctor can answer this question after examination and carrying out the necessary laboratory research... He will also determine which nose drops that treat snot are suitable for adults, and how to drip children's nasal passages.

How do rhinitis drops work?

The most common reason why snot occurs is acute viral infection... When transmitted by airborne droplets, the common cold usually primarily affects the upper respiratory tract.

The inflammation that develops on the nasal mucosa causes the body to trigger a defense mechanism that causes intense secretion of nasal mucus. This can cause a lot of inconvenience to a sick person. A running nose not only looks ugly, but it makes it difficult to breathe and can cause serious consequences that cannot be dealt with, even with effective drops for the common cold.

The virus enters the small blood vessels, causing them to dilate. Swelling occurs in the nasal passages, which prevents the outflow of their contents. A slight congestion can quickly cause serious complications if snot is not promptly removed from the maxillary sinuses.

The most effective way to prevent sinusitis is to use a topical agent that will quickly relieve inflammation and help repair the damaged area of ​​the mucous membrane. This is how effective nasal drops for a cold work. Medicinal substances constrict blood vessels, relieving swelling and relieving sinuses from snot. Breathing is restored, the person feels significant relief.

Some intranasal preparations contain additional ingredients that have softening and healing effects. To quickly rid the body of not only a cold, but also its causes, you can use local immunomodulators. And they can also be included in drops for the treatment of a cold.

Only a doctor will tell you how to choose the right remedy, and whether it is possible to drip specific types of drugs into the nose in this or that case. Therapy must be timely. Even small nasal discharge should not be ignored. It is better to immediately seek advice from your local therapist and take action in time. This will help avoid more serious problems in the future.

Types of intranasal drugs

It so happened that in our country it is not customary to visit the clinic with a common cold. Most people get colds on their feet if there is no fever. How to drip your nose to get rid of snot? Everyone believes that he is quite capable of determining on his own which drops treat a runny nose.

However, the causes of nasal discharge can vary. In each case, certain drugs must be used. Medicine that is dripped into the nose for otitis media will not help with allergic rhinitis. And a seawater-based prophylactic will not get rid of snot caused by a bacterial infection. Cold drops for adults are not always suitable for children. Some of the substances in their composition can harm the growing body of the child.

The duration of the medication is important; some of them are addictive, so they can be used for a short period.

To figure out which drops from a cold are better, you need to determine its cause. Then, after consulting with your doctor, choose a remedy that will be effective in a particular case.

Vasoconstrictor drugs

All remedies that help prevent nasal discharge are divided into several large groups. The most famous such drugs for the common cold are drops that constrict blood vessels. It is considered first aid for the common symptoms of the common cold. Treatment of more serious diseases affecting the upper respiratory tract is also not complete without these drugs, which are traditionally included in complex therapy.

If a stuffy nose with a runny nose, vasoconstrictor drops relieve swelling, creating conditions for the outflow of mucus, and facilitate breathing. However, the use of such medications is not a cure. They simply relieve the symptoms of the disease.

If within 5-7 days the cold does not go away, and the nose continues to flow, then the vasoconstrictor drugs must be canceled so as not to cause addiction and the opposite effect. Fighting a viral infection will have to be done with more serious methods.

Drops that relieve swelling of the mucous membrane with a cold are produced on the basis of 1 of 3 components. Medicines based on naphazoline are currently considered obsolete, the most famous of which is Naphthyzine. Its main disadvantage is that the action of the main component lasts no more than 3 hours. In this case, the drops greatly dry the nasal mucosa, which by no means contributes to recovery.

Preparations based on xylometazoline (Xilen, Rinonorm, Dlyanos, Otrivin, Sanorin-Xylo and Galazolin) last 4-5 hours. But they are also quickly addictive and negatively affect the mucous membranes.

Oxymetazoline-based drops are recognized as the most modern vasoconstrictor agents. These include the well-known drug Nazivin. Its effect lasts for 12 hours, it does not negatively affect the nasal passages. But you cannot use it for more than 7 days. Like all similar medicines, it can have the opposite effect when used continuously.

To remove the negative consequences arising from the misuse of vasoconstrictor drugs, it is possible only with the help of external hormonal drugs containing corticosteroids. The most effective remedy among them is Nasonex.

Drops to stimulate local immunity

Cold prevention and treatment for initial stage development is advised to be carried out with the help of immunomodulatory drugs, including nasal drops.

These medicines contain artificial interferon, a protein that the body uses to respond to a viral infection.

More recently, such products were produced only in powder form. They could be buried in the nose by preparing a special solution. This caused some inconvenience. Today, the pharmaceutical industry offers several options for ready-made solutions with the optimal content of interferon for intranasal administration, which are widely used to combat ARVI.

Doctors often opt for Grippferon. This drug is completely safe. It is prescribed even to children from 1 month of age. The only drawback of the medication is that it should be used within 48 hours after the first symptoms of a cold and flu appear. Otherwise, the medication is useless.

Another type of drops of the immunomodulating series is Derinat. It is produced on the basis of sodium deoxyribonucleate. The nasal remedy not only increases the body's protective barrier, but also heals the damaged nasal mucosa.

Topical antibiotics for the treatment of the common cold

Sometimes a runny nose can be triggered not by a viral, but by a bacterial infection that requires immediate treatment. A common cold can also cause this disease. If the nose is blocked for a long time, then the mucus stagnant in the sinuses becomes an excellent medium for the growth of colonies of pathogenic microorganisms.

It is very simple to determine that the body has been attacked by pathogenic microbes: it is enough to assess the nature of the secretions. If they are transparent and liquid, then there is nothing to fear, you need to take measures to eliminate the viral infection.

But yellow or green thick mucus, which is difficult to remove from the nasal passages, suggests that the runny nose will have to be treated with antibiotics, ordinary vasoconstrictor nasal drops cannot be dispensed with.

One of the known topical antibacterial drugs is Isofra. The main component of this medication is framycetin. It is effective for the treatment of acute and chronic sinusitis and sinusitis of bacterial origin. Isofra is usually used for no more than 10 days, so as not to imbalance the microflora on the nasal mucosa.

The complex preparation Polydex also contains antibiotics: neomycin and polymyxin. In addition to them, the drug includes dexamethasone. As a glucocorticosteroid, it has anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effects. Another component of Polydexa is phenylephrine. It constricts blood vessels and quickly relieves swelling in the sinuses. The medicine can be used to treat bacterial rhinitis not only in adults, but also in children over 2 years old.

And for babies up to a year, nose drops made on the basis of silver ions, known as Protargol, are allowed. They are considered safe, but they should be used strictly according to the instructions and after consulting a doctor.

There is another antibiotic for external use. In otolaryngology, it is considered the most effective and inexpensive remedy. This is Dioxidine. It is recognized as a broad-spectrum antiseptic drug, as it is capable of destroying various types of bacteria, including staphylococci and streptococci. However, this medicine must be used with great care. Dioxidine has many side effects. It is strictly prohibited for pregnant women and children under 18 years of age.

Saline solutions to prevent infections

The safest for the treatment and prevention of rhinitis are various solutions prepared on the basis of sodium chloride. This compound is known as common table salt. Saline drops gently moisturize the nasal mucosa, partially relieve congestion by removing mucus, wash away pathogenic bacteria, preventing their active growth.

Such solutions have no contraindications and can be used almost without restrictions. It is the main care product for the small noses of newborns, and for older children and adults - good way prevention of acute respiratory viral infections.

Salt-based drops are of several types. Physiomer is prepared from regular sodium chloride. The solution does not contain additional nutrients, but it copes with its task of moisturizing the mucous membrane perfectly.

But many people prefer products containing sea water. They have a softer effect. In addition to salt, they contain various trace elements that are useful for the respiratory system and the body as a whole.

Such drugs are widely available in pharmacy chains. Aqua Maris, Aqualor, Marimer, Sialor Aqua - this is not a complete list of names.

If the family budget does not allow the use of popular salt drops prepared on the basis of seawater, you can replace them with a cheap analogue - saline, which is sold at any pharmacy at a low price. The effect on the nose will be about the same.

Such solutions can be used as a prophylaxis during the cold season. But if the runny nose has become protracted, you need to consult a doctor for a full-fledged treatment.

If you treat a runny nose, then it goes away in 7 days. If the runny nose is not treated, it goes away in a week. Everybody heard it. But this opinion is erroneous. Many let the situation take its course, but a runny nose needs to be treated. Sleepless nights, lack of appetite, headache, sneezing, dryness and tenderness of the nasal mucosa are the most harmless manifestations of acute rhinitis. In the absence of treatment, complications are possible: otitis media, sinusitis, frontal sinusitis and the transition of a cold to a chronic form.

Most often, viruses, bacteria, hypothermia contribute to the appearance of a cold. Itching in the nasopharynx, frequent sneezing, headache - when these symptoms appear, treatment should be started as soon as possible.

Combined drugs

They contain several components. The drops may include an antibiotic. They are intended for the treatment of bacterial rhinitis. The drug "Polydexa" contains an antibiotic that quickly heals the infection. There is also an anti-allergic component - dexamethasone. It relieves swelling of the mucous membrane. By choosing the best remedy for a cold, this medicine is worth considering.

Some drops, in addition to the vasoconstrictor component, contain an antiallergic substance. They help with the preparations "Vibrocil", "Sanorin-analergin" well relieve the swelling of the nose with allergies. "Vibrocil" drops can be used for children from 1 year old. In addition, you can use this remedy for the common cold during pregnancy.

Many drops contain a vasoconstrictor and seawater. They prevent dryness and relieve swelling. The drug "Snoop" in the adult and children's form of release well softens the mucous membrane and eliminates nasal congestion.

Antibacterial drugs

Such drugs as "Bioparox", "Isofra" contain powerful antibiotics. They are prescribed by a doctor. With sinusitis, frontal sinusitis and lingering rhinitis, this is the most effective remedy for the common cold. With the onset of the disease, the use of these drugs is unjustified. The advantage of these funds is that they are not absorbed into the bloodstream. That's why side effects that are inherent in antibiotics, they are not inherent.

Homeopathy

The good news is that they have no side effects. They act with a cold at any stage. The main rule of homeopathy is: "You cannot deviate from the instructions." If you skip the instillation time and do not observe the frequency, homeopathy will not help. The drugs "Edas-131", "Delufen", "Euphorbium-compositum" will relieve swelling of the nasal mucosa, have an anti-inflammatory effect, and raise immunity. Safe and effective drops are suitable for adults and children. In complex therapy, they significantly accelerate recovery. They are treated with homeopathy for a long time. It has a cumulative effect and does not heal on the first day.

Nebulizer - a modern solution for the treatment of rhinitis

It is very convenient to use a nebulizer for a cold. This is an ultrasonic device with which inhalation is carried out.

Treating a cold with a nebulizer cannot be compared to using pills and tablets, which travel a long way through the body until they reach a diseased organ. Similar medicines, unlike inhalers, often leave an unfavorable mark in the form of a variety of side effects.

Folk remedies

A runny nose is the most common disease. Many are ill with it. A runny nose may appear several times a year. That's why folk recipes a lot has been invented. Here are examples of some of them:

1. Fir and eucalyptus oil. V vegetable oil(about 25 ml) drop a few drops of essential oil. They drip into the nose in the morning and at night. This mixture instantly makes breathing easier, has a bactericidal effect, softens the mucous membrane and relieves swelling.

2. Beet juice relieves inflammation and swelling. It is dripped several times a day or tampons are made (for 10 minutes). A weak solution of beetroot juice can be dripped to babies for a cold.

3. Honey drops. Dilute honey with water in equal proportions. Warm up a little and drip up to 6 times a day. Do not use if you are allergic to this product. Honey is a powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent.

4. Aloe juice boosts immunity and relieves inflammation. Can be dripped neat. Can be diluted with vegetable oil.

5. Kalanchoe juice is an irritating agent. When it is instilled, intensive mucus separation begins, swelling quickly passes and inflammation is relieved.

Rinsing the nose at home

In the hospital, in the ENT departments, there is a special apparatus for washing the nose. It creates pressure and flushes the nose with the drug, flushing out pus and mucus. A similar procedure can be carried out at home. Rinsing the nose brings relief to the sufferer and helps to cure a runny nose. The medicinal solution is taken into a container and inhaled through the nose, the solution is spit out by the mouth. The procedure is carried out in the morning and at night.

How to prepare a solution

• A teaspoon of eucalyptus or calendula tincture is poured into one glass with a little salt water. The solution has antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and bactericidal action.
• 2 filter bags of chamomile or sage are brewed with a glass of boiling water. When the solution becomes slightly warm, rinse the nose. The solution has a strong anti-inflammatory effect.
• 3 drops of iodine in a glass of warm water. The bactericidal and anti-inflammatory properties of iodine are good for treating the common cold. Not recommended for purulent sinusitis.
• You can rinse your nose with a simple saline solution. This procedure loosens mucus and relieves swelling in the nasal mucosa.

After washing, all medicines will be better absorbed. The effect of vasoconstrictor, combined and homeopathic drops increases several times.

Infusions of herbs that are drunk inside help from a runny nose. You can mix raspberries, oregano herb, birch leaf, and coltsfoot. Brew the mixture and drink several times a day. Linden flowers and chamomile help very well with a cold. Herbs can help cure runny nose and colds. Rosehip and mountain ash will increase immunity and speed up recovery.

Treatment of any disease should begin with a consultation with a specialist. Not all patients can use drops. Vasoconstrictor drugs are contraindicated for many people. With sinusitis, therapy without antibiotics is most often ineffective. For people with a deviated nasal septum, drops may not help. All these nuances are taken into account by the doctor.

A prolonged runny nose can cause many serious complications. Inadequate therapy can make the disease chronic. A runny nose is a medical condition that must be treated. We have presented you with many options for his therapy. It is up to you to choose the most effective remedy for the common cold, and it is better to do this after consulting a doctor.

A runny nose is a symptom that the nasal mucosa is trying to get rid of a germ, allergen, foreign body or dust by flushing them out of the nasal cavity. Nasal congestion indicates swelling of the same shell.

In both of these cases, help is needed in the form of a local remedy - drops or sprays. The main requirement for these funds, whether it be a spray in the nose or drops, is that it helps the nasal mucosa in solving the problem, and not just eliminates congestion or the discharge of nozzles.

Below we give a group of drugs that are used for nasal congestion and runny nose, indications for use, duration of action and prices. To say what type of medicine is needed, no one is better than an ENT doctor who will do this based on the results of the examination.

Important rules

For a cold remedy to really help, follow these rules:

1. Use drops for children under 6 and spray for adults. This is due to the fact that children have a short auditory tube, that is, the communication between the pharynx and the ear. If a spray is sprayed into the baby's nose, then it, as well as particles of microbes from the nasopharynx, will most likely enter the inner ear. There, they are most likely to cause otitis media - allergic or infectious.
2. Using the drops, lie down (lay the child), drop 1-2 drops of the drug into the right nostril and turn your head to the right, tilting it up a little. Dripping into the left nostril, turn your head to the left and up. In this case, on each side you need to lie down for 7-10 minutes so that the agent can get not only on the nasal mucosa, but also in the area of ​​the junction of the nose with the sinuses. This rule is especially important for vasoconstrictor drops: performing the correct instillation, you will quickly facilitate nasal breathing, and also prevent sinusitis (swelling in the area of ​​the sinus and nose junction will subside - the contents of the sinus will not stagnate, but will come out).
3. When using the spray, on the contrary, the head should be vertical and tilted in the direction opposite the nostril. This will keep the drug in the nose and not move into the auditory tube.
4. Flush your nose with saline solutions before using the medicated rhinitis sprays. This can be done using ready-made drops and sprays, which we will discuss below, or solutions that require preparation (Dolphin, Aqua-Maris powders with a system for rinsing the nose). You can also rinse your nose with a 0.9% sodium chloride solution purchased in a pharmacy in a 200 or 400 ml bottle, as well as with a composition prepared yourself (1 teaspoon of salt is taken for 200 ml of boiled warm water).

Types of drops from the common cold

What nasal drops for a cold can be used? There are such groups of drugs:

1. Saline-based preparations.
2. Vasoconstrictor drops and sprays.
3. Hormonal sprays.
4. Sprays for thinning thick discharge from the nose.
5. Drops and sprays with antibiotics or antiseptics (including silver-based).
6. Antiviral local drugs.
7. Combined preparations, including emollients, which contain essential oils.
8. Drops that will thicken abundant liquid snot.
9. Homeopathic remedies.
10. Drops and sprays with an immunomodulatory effect.
11. Nasal drops from allergic rhinitis.

Saline preparations

Medicines based on ocean water, sea water or similar solutions prepared in a pharmacy contain many trace elements, organic compounds, and minerals. They are indicated for a runny nose of any (allergic, viral, bacterial, fungal) origin, any type of sinusitis (sinusitis,), inflammation of the adenoids. Their action is aimed at:

• washing out microbes from the nasal cavity;
• thinning thick mucus;
• flushing of substances released during inflammation and maintaining their level;
• acceleration of mucosal healing;
• increased vascular tone in the nasal mucosa;
• destruction of microbes (if the water contains iodine).

Depending on the concentration in sodium chloride solutions, several types of saline solutions are distinguished:

Hypotonic solutions The hypotonic solution is produced only in the form of one drug - Aquamaster, where sodium chloride is 0.65%. The concentration of NaCl is lower than in the blood (less than 0.9%), so the solution is absorbed by the nasal mucosa, liquefies viscous mucus, and softens dry nasal crusts. Price - 190-210 rubles.

Isotonic solutions There are a large number of drugs, the price of which is different. It: Aqua-Maris. Price 220-290 rubles. Humer 150 worth 580-700 rubles. Physiomer. The price is 320-400 rubles. Aqualor. The price is 250-300 rubles. Marimer. The price of the drops is 240 rubles, the spray is about 400 rubles. Otrivin More. The price is 350-500 rubles (depending on the volume of the bottle). Morenazal. The price of the spray with chamomile is 280 rubles, the spray of Imuno is 500 rubles. Dolphin. Price 300-430 rubles. These drugs can be used for a newborn with a cold, for a pregnant and lactating woman.

Hypertonic saline solutions Their task is to "pull out" "excess" fluid from the swollen mucous membrane of the nose, to reduce swelling, and also to liquefy thick snot and "take" the contents of the inflamed paranasal sinuses. The drugs can cause discomfort when instilled ("tourniquet", "bake"), but they are very effective. Apply for no more than 3 days. Contraindicated for infants up to 3 months, but pregnant and lactating women can use them.

Vasoconstrictor drugs

These drops and sprays are used for both allergic rhinitis and colds. They constrict the vessels of the nasopharynx, as a result of which the edema disappears and nasal breathing resumes. With an infectious rhinitis, their use is justified: when removing edema from the nasopharynx, a reduced pressure will not be created in the tympanic cavity, therefore, an inflammatory and microbial fluid will not diffuse into the structures of the middle ear.

Decongestants (the so-called vasoconstrictor drugs for the nose) are useful both for the prevention and treatment of sinusitis (sinusitis, frontal sinusitis). In this case, they relieve edema from the anastomosis (communication) between the nasal cavity and the sinus, as a result, the contents of the sinus do not stagnate, posing a danger in terms of the development of complications, but exits into the nose.

Decongestants make it easier for a person to breathe through the nose, especially while eating, hear better (even in the presence of otitis media), normalize sleep and voice. In doing so, they inhibit the movement of cell processes (cilia) that form the nasal mucosa. When applied for more than 5 days, the cilia completely "paralyzes" (this is a temporary effect), so you should not use such drops longer. You can save a little cilia by using decongestants together with a saline solution (Rinomaris, Rinotays).

Decongestants "work" through receptors for adrenaline, which are located on the vascular cells of the nasal mucosa. They give a "command" similar to the one that adrenaline "gives out" - to constrict blood vessels. The blood ceases to fill the vessels - for a while the edema subsides, the production of nasal mucus decreases. This feature is also used to stop nosebleeds.

Adrenaline receptors are found not only on the vessels of the nasal cavity - they are found on many cells, including the cells of the heart, bronchi, prostate, Bladder and the pregnant uterus. This is associated with possible side effects in case of an overdose of any drug: an increase in blood pressure, a significant decrease in heart rate, loss of consciousness, and a decrease in temperature. Because of its ability to contract the uterus, decongestants are not used during pregnancy.

Decongestants also have such a feature: if the active substance constantly circulates in the blood, the receptors stop responding to it, and in order to achieve the effect, the dose will have to be increased, which will inevitably lead to the development of undesirable symptoms. Therefore, vasoconstrictor drops are not used for longer than 5, in extreme cases, 7 days. If it is necessary to maintain the effect, the ENT doctor may prescribe a drug with another main active ingredient.

Drops from a runny nose and nasal congestion are divided depending on their active ingredient. Some foundations of funds last only 3-4 hours, while others are designed for 8-10, and even 12 hours. Unless otherwise prescribed, short-acting drugs are best used during the day, while drops and sprays of prolonged action should be left overnight.

Please note: children's nose drops from the common cold contain 0.025-0.5%, for adults, a concentration of 0.5% (in the case of oxymetazoline), 0.1% (for other active substances) is used. For children under one year old, and better - up to 6 years old, use only drops in the form of drops.

Cheap nose drops for a cold are:

• Xylometazoline-Solofarm;
• Xilen;
• Galazolin;
• Rinostop;
• Naphthyzin;
• Nesopin.

Hormonal sprays

These drugs based on glucocorticoids - hormones whose analogues are produced in the human adrenal glands - have pronounced anti-inflammatory, anti-edematous and anti-allergic activity. They are not "first aid" drugs, starting to act 3-4 hours after instillation. Maximum activity begins in a day.

Removing edema, drops with glucocorticoids improve nasal breathing, prevent the development of sinusitis, or, if it has already developed, reduce its manifestations. Due to the fact that they suppress local immunity, thin the nasal mucosa, and can lead to an increase in intraocular pressure, this type of drug is prescribed only by an ENT doctor.

Depending on the main active ingredient, there are such hormonal sprays (they are presented in order of decreasing their local activity):

Sprays for thinning thick discharge from the nose

Rinofluimucil

For both adults and children with a runny nose, accompanied by the release of thick snot (usually this happens on the 5th day of the disease or later), Rinofluimucil is prescribed - a drug containing a mucus "thinner" acetylcysteine ​​and removing edema tuaminoheptane sulfate.
Indications: rhinitis with profuse mucopurulent discharge, chronic rhinitis, sinusitis, vasomotor rhinitis.
Application:

• adults - 2 doses of aerosol in each nasal passage 3-4 times a day;
• children from 3 years old - 1 dose 3-4 times a day.

Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, angle-closure glaucoma, increased thyroid function, treatment with antidepressant MAO inhibitors.
Its price is 230-300 rubles.

Antiseptic drops

If the runny nose is bacterial in nature, that is, yellow snot is released from the nose almost from the first day of the disease, the ENT doctor prescribes drops with antiseptics. Antiseptics are substances that destroy bacteria, which also have the ability to slow down the vital activity of fungi and viruses. These are not antibiotics, to which bacteria can develop resistance: microbial enzymes have not learned to adapt to the composition of antiseptic agents.

Such drugs are prescribed only by an ENT doctor. There are such drops with antiseptics:

Antiviral topical drugs

These are sprays and drops based on interferon-alpha1 - an antiviral substance that human leukocytes produce when a virus enters the body - to destroy it.

Antibiotic drops

They are prescribed for purulent processes localized in the nasal cavity or sinuses.

Combined drugs

Drops and sprays of this type contain a vasoconstrictor in combination with either an antihistamine, or a glucocorticoid, or an antibacterial drug.

The last 2 drugs are also classified as emollient drops (thanks to essential oils in the composition). They are prescribed for the prevention and complex treatment of otitis media, which has arisen as a complication of ARVI.

Drops that will thicken copious liquid snot

If the snot remains abundant and liquid, despite the ongoing etiotropic (that is, aimed at treating the cause) therapy, the doctor may prescribe drops with tannin, an astringent of plant origin. These drugs are prepared in the prescription department of pharmacies with prescriptions from a doctor. The doctor selects the composition of the drops depending on the individual situation.

Homeopathic remedies

Anti-inflammatory, local irritant

Drops and sprays with an immunomodulatory effect

Antihistamine drops

They are used for rhinitis with a pronounced allergic component.

What to use for children

A list of nasal drops from a runny nose for your child will be written by a pediatrician or pediatric ENT doctor - based on the examination and personal experience in this regard. It usually includes:

1. Washing with saline solutions, mostly not hypertonic, but isotonic: Aqua-Maris, Humer 150 cost, Physiomer, Aqualor, Marimer or others.
2. Vasoconstrictor drugs: Nazol-baby, Nazol-Kids, Nazivin of the appropriate concentration.
3. If the allergic component is strong, after 2-3 days the preparations of the previous group are changed to combined agents (Vibrocil, Pinosol).
4. With severe edema, add Avamis or other hormonal sprays, in a short course.
5. Bacterial rhinitis is treated with antiseptic (Okomistin, Protargol) and anibacterial (Isofra, Polidexa) agents.
6. So that the viral infection does not "knock down" the child, from the first day of the viral rhinitis, Grippferon or other interferon drugs are used.
7. Also, from the first day of the disease, Euphorbium compositum and other homeopathic drops help well.
8. If the child is often sick, it makes sense to use IRS-19 or Derinat. But the doctor should prescribe them.

Nasal congestion and persistent discharge from the nose often lead to severe headaches, and in advanced cases they cause otitis media, sinusitis, or rhinitis. For treatment, drops from the common cold are used, which are selected taking into account the pharmacological purpose of the drug, the causes of negative symptoms, age and individual characteristics of the organism.

Special drops are used to treat a cold.

When do you need drops for a cold?

It is necessary to use funds for nasal congestion in a number of cases:

• to eliminate cicatricial changes in the mucous membrane resulting from surgical intervention;
• in the treatment of diseases of the nose and nasopharynx of an inflammatory type, which include rhinitis of different origins and severity;
• with a common cold and complicated by bacterial infections;
• in the event of an allergic reaction to stimuli of a different nature.

In case of acute rhinitis, before using the medication, you need to consult a doctor, since some types of drops can lead to a deterioration in well-being and an exacerbation of the disease.

Drops are used to treat common and complicated rhinitis

How to choose the right drops?

When choosing a suitable medication for snot, you should pay attention to the active substances that make up the drops, study their effect on the body, and also take into account individual characteristics and the cause of the unwanted symptom.

1. With a runny nose of bacterial origin. Preference should be given to the remedies of the homeopathic and combined groups.
2. During pregnancy. First of all, it is important to take into account the body's sensitivity to the ingredients of the medicine, the period of gestation and possible side effects. It is best to use herbal or seawater preparations.
3. Child treatment. Drops with an antiseptic and cauterizing effect will help get rid of a cold in a short period of time without harm to health.
4. Allergic rhinitis. It is treated with combined or hormonal agents.
5. With chronic rhinitis. It is recommended to use drops made on an oil basis, since they do not dry out the mucous membrane and help to achieve the desired effect due to herbal extracts.

Classification and list of the best drops from the common cold

The best nose drops cannot be distinguished. They are divided into a number of groups, each of which has its own characteristics and therapeutic purpose.

In each pharmacological group, effective nasal preparations are distinguished.