When Einstein lived. A brief biography of Albert Einstein. Photos and interesting facts. Recognition of scientific circles, Einstein disputes with boron

One of the greatest minds of the twentieth century. The main scientific discovery of the scientist is the theory of relativity. The private theory of relativity was formulated in 1905, and the total ten years later. The scientific discoveries of the scientist could be written a whole book, but unfortunately we have no such opportunity.

Einstein received world recognition in life. Albert became the owner of the Nobel Prize in Physics. The honorable award got a scientist for the theoretical explanation of the photo effect. In his theory, he explained the existence of photons, so-called light quanta. The theory was of great practical importance, and had a great influence on the development of quantum theory. The theories of the scientist are unusually difficult for understanding and perception, but their fundamentality can be compared unless with discoveries. The uniqueness of Einstein is that the authorship of his discoveries is indisputable. We, we know that often many discoveries scientists committed together, often without knowing. So, for example, it was with, Chain and Floray, who were opened by Penicillin, so it was with and Niepp and many others. And Einstein was wrong.

Biography Einstein Very interesting and full of entertaining facts. Albert was born in Germany in Ulm in 1879. He graduated from high school in the neighboring Switzerland, and soon received the Swiss citizenship. In 1905, at the University of Zurich, a young man received a doctoral degree in the field of philosophical sciences. At this time, his scientific activity is actively unfolding. He publishes a number of works: the theory of Brownian movement, photoeffect and private theory of relativity. Soon these reports will be business card Alberta, the world recognizes a genius, brilliant and promising scientist in his contemporary. The theory of scientist is stirred by the scientific community, serious controversy will be angry around its theories. Not one scientist in the world, was not subjected to such a discussion and such criticism. In 1913, Albert became a professor at the University of Berlin and the Institute of Physics of Kaizer Wilhelm, as well as a member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences.

New posts allowed him to do science at any time in any quantity. It is unlikely that the German government ever regretted his favor to a scientist. It will take several years, and he will be awarded the Nobel Prize, raising the prestige of German science to heaven. In 1933, Einstein moves to the United States to the state of New Jersey, to the city of Princeton. Seven years later, he will receive citizenship. The great scientist died in 1955. Einstein was always interested in politics, was aware of all. He was a convinced pacifist, an opponent of political tyranny, and at the same time was a supporter of Zionism. It is said that in matters of clothing, he was always an individualist, the contemporaries celebrated his excellent sense of humor, natural modesty and non-sex talents. Albert played the violin perfectly.

Albert Einstein is one of the most famous twentieth century scientists. It was laid on the basis for the new industry of physics, and E \u003d MC 2 Einstein on the equivalence of mass and energy is one of the most famous formulas in the world. In 1921, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his contribution to theoretical physics and the evolution of quantum theory.

Einstein is also well known as the original free thinker, performed on a variety of humanitarian and global problems. Made its contribution to the theoretical development of nuclear physics and supported F. D. Roosevelt in the launch of the Manhattan project, but later Einstein opposed the use of nuclear weapons.

Einstein, born in a Jewish family in Germany, in his youth moved to Switzerland, and then, after the arrival of Hitler, moved to the United States. Einstein was truly a global man and one of the undisputed geniuses of the twentieth century. And now let's go about everything in order.

Einstein's father, Hermann, was born in 1847 in the Swabian village of Buhau. Hermann, a Jew by nationality, had a tendency to mathematics, he studied at school near Stuttgart. He could not come to the university due to the fact that most universities were closed for the Jews and later began to engage in trade. Later, Herman and his parents moved to a more prosperous city of Ulm, which prophetically had the motto "Ulmenses Sunt Mathematici", which means: "People of Ulma - Mathematics". At the age of 29, Germans married Polina Koch, which was at eleven years younger than him.

Father Polina, Julius Koh, built a great condition for the sale of grain. Polina was inherited by practicality, wit, a good sense of humor and could infected by a laugh of anyone (these features she successfully convey to her son).

Herman and Polina were a happy couple. Their firstborn was born at 11:30 on Friday, March 14, 1879, in Ulm, the city, which at that time joined, along with the rest of the Swabia, to the German Reich. Initially, Polina and Germans planned to call the boy Abraham as his grandfather in the father's line. But then they came to the conclusion that this name would sound too much in Jewish and they decided to preserve the initial letter A and called the boy Albert Einstein.

It is worth paying attention to an interesting fact that forever capture Einstein's memory and significantly influenced him in the future. When a little Albert was 4 or 5 years old he got sick and his
Father so that the boy does not bored him to bring him a compass. As Einstein says, he was so excited, from those mysterious forces that made the magnetic needle behave as if hidden unknown fields were influenced. This is a sense of surprise and toastfulness of the mind, remained in it and motivated him throughout life. As he said: "I still remember or, at least, I believe that I can remember that that moment made a deep and indelible impression on me!"

At about the same age, his mother put Einstein love for the violin. The first time he did not like a tough discipline, but after he was closer to the works of Mozart, the music began to appear at the same time magical and emotional for the boy: "I believe that love is the best teacher than a sense of debt," he said, - on the extreme Ex force for me. " Since then, according to the statements of close friends, when the scientist faced difficult tasks, Einstein was distracted by music and she helped him focus and overcome difficulties. During the game, improvising, he reflected about the problems, and suddenly, "he suddenly climbed the game in the middle and excitedly went to work as if inspiration came to him," as they said close.

When Alberta turned 6 years old and had to choose to school, his parents were not worried that there was no Jewish school nearby. And he went to a large Catholic school next door, in Petershule. Being the only Jew among seventy students in its class, Einstein studied well, passed the standard course on Catholic religion.

When Alberta turned 9 years old, he was transferred to high School Not far from the center of Munich, Leopold Gymnasium, which was known as an enlightened institute, which strongly studied mathematics and science, as well as Latin and Greek.

In order to be accepted into the federal technological Institute (later renamed ETH) in Zurich, Einstein passed the entrance exams in October 1895. However, some of its results were insufficient and, on the recommendation of the rector, he went to Kantonsschule in Aarau to improve his knowledge.

In early October 1896, Einstein received a certificate of graduation and soon after that he entered the Federal Technology Institute of Zurich in a specialty teacher in mathematics and physics. Einstein was a good one and finished his studies in July 1900. He then worked as an assistant at the Polytechnic Institute in Shule and other universities.

In the period from May 1901 to January 1902, he studied in Winterthur and Schaffhausen. Soon he moved to Bern, the capital of Switzerland. In order to make a living, he gave private lessons in mathematics and physics.

Albert Einstein Personal Life

Einstein was married twice, first on his former student of Milea Maric, and then on his cousin Elsa. His marriages were not very successful. In letters, Einstein expressed oppression, which he experienced in his first marriage, describing Mileu as a powerful and jealous woman. In one of the letters, he even admitted that he wanted his younger son Eduard, who had schizophrenia was never born. As for his second wife Elsa, he called their relationship with the union of convenience.

Biographers, studying such letters, considered Einstein with a cold and cruel husband and father, but in 2006 about 1,400 previously unknown letters of scientist and biographers changed her view of his relationship to his wives and family in a positive way.

In more recent letters, we can find that Einstein compassioned and sympathizes his first wife and children, he even handed them some money from winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1921.

As for the second marriage, Einstein, apparently, openly discussed his business with Elsa, and kept her aware of his travels and thoughts.
According to Elsa - she remained with Einstein, despite his flaws, explaining his views in the letter: "Such a genius should be impeccable in all respects. But nature does not behave so if it gives extravagance, then it is manifested in everything. "

But this does not mean that Einstein considered himself an exemplary family man, in one of the letters a scientist admitted that: "I admire my father for the fact that he stayed with one woman in his whole life. In this matter, I have failed twice. "

In general, with all its immortal genius, Einstein was an ordinary person in his personal life.

Einstein interesting facts from life:

• From an early age, Albert Einstein hated the nationalism of any kind and preferred to be a "citizen of the world." When he was 16, he refused his German citizenship and in 1901 he became a citizen of Switzerland;
• Mileva Maric was the only student woman in the Einstein section in the Zurich Polytechnic Institute. She was passionate about mathematics and science and was a good physicist, but she refused to marry Einstein and becoming a mother.
• In 1933, the FBI began to lead a dossier on Albert Einstein. A case to 1427 pages of various documents devoted to Einstein's cooperation with pacifist and socialist organizations. J. Edgar Hooker even recommended sending Einstein from America, applying articles of the law on the exception of foreigners, but the decision was canceled by the US State Department.
• Einstein had a daughter, which, in all likelihood, he never saw personally. The existence of Lizerly (so called Einstein's daughter) was not widely known until 1987, the collection of Einstein's letters was not published.
• The second son of Alberta, Eduard, whom they were affectionately called "Tet", was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Albert never saw her son after he immigrated to the United States in 1933. Eduard died at the age of 55 in a psychiatric clinic.
• Fritz Gabar was a German chemist who helped to move Einstein to Berlin and became one of his loved ones. In the first world war, Gaber has developed a deadly chlorine gas, which was heavier than air and could flip into the trenches, burn the throat and light soldiers. Gaurer is sometimes called the "Father of Chemical War".
• Einstein, studying the electromagnetic theories of James Maxwell, discovered that the speed of light was constant, this fact was not known to Maxwell. Einstein's discovery was a direct violation of the laws of Newton's movement and led Einstein to develop the principle of relativity.
• 1905 is known as the "year of the miracle" Einstein. This year he presented his doctoral dissertation and 4 of his work was published in one of the most famous scientific journals. Published articles had names: equivalence of matter and energy, special theory of relativity, Brownian movement and photoelectric effect. These articles ultimately changed the essence of modern physics.

Albert Einsteinborn on March 14, 1879 in the South Hermann city of Ulm, in a poor Jewish family.

The scientist lived in Germany and the United States, however, always denied that he knows English. The scientist was a public figure in Humanist, an honorary doctor of about 20 leading universities in the world, a member of many academies of sciences, including a foreign honorary member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1926).

Einstein at age 14. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

The discoveries of the Great Genius in science gave a huge increase in mathematics and physics in the XX century. Einstein is the author of about 300 works on physics, as well as by the author more than 150 books in the field of other sciences. For their lives, they developed many significant physical theories.

AiF.Ru collected 15 interesting facts from the life of the world-famous scientist.

Einstein learned poorly

As a child, the famous scientist was not a welderkind. Many doubted his fullness, and his mother even suspected the congenital ugliness of his child (Einstein had a big head).

Einstein never received a certificate of education in the gymnasium, but he assured his parents that he himself could prepare for admission to higher technical School (Polytechnic) in Zurich. But the first time he failed.

Still, enrolling in the Polytechnic, Student Einstein very often stripped lectures, reading magazines in Cafe with the latest scientific theories.

After receiving a diploma, he got a job as an expert in the Patent Bureau. Due to the fact that evaluation technical characteristics The young specialist occupied most often about 10 minutes, he was a lot of developing his own theories.

Did not like sports

In addition to swimming ("A sport that needs the least energy," as Einstein himself said), he avoided any vigorous activity. Once a scientist said: "When I come home from work, I don't want to do anything other than the work of the mind."

Solved the complex tasks to play the violin

Einstein had a special way of thinking. He highlighted those ideas that were unhappy or disharmonious, based on the aesthetic criteria. Then he proclaimed general principleFor which harmony would be restored. And made predictions how physical objects behave. This approach gave stunning results.

Favorite tool Einstein. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

The scientist trained the ability to rise above the problem, see it from an unexpected angle and find an extraordinary way out. When he appeared in a dead end, playing a violin, the decision suddenly popked into the head.

Einstein "stopped wearing socks"

They say that Einstein was not very neat and once on this occasion so: "When I was young, I found out that thumb Always ends with a hole in the sock. So I stopped wearing socks. "

He loved smoking the tube

Einstein was a lifelong member of the Montreal Smokers Club. He was very respectful to the smoking tube and believed that she "contributes to calmly and objectively to judge the affairs of human."

Hated fantastics

In order not to distort the clean science and give people a false illusion of scientific understanding, he recommended complete abstinence from any type of science fiction. "I never think about the future, it will come so soon," he said.

Einstein's parents were against his first marriage

With his first wife, Milea Marich Einstein met in 1896 in Zurich, where they studied together in the Polytechnic. Albert was 17 years old, Mileva - 21. She was from the Catholic Serbian family who lived in Hungary. Einstein's employee Abraham Pius, who became his biographer, in the fundamental lifeshop of his great chief, published in 1982, wrote that both Parents Albert were against this marriage. Only on the mortal ADRAD, Einstein Hermann consent to the marriage of the Son. And Paulina, the mother of the scientist, did not accept the daughter-in-law. "Everything resisted me to this marriage," the post quotes Einstein in 1952.

Einstein with his first wife Mileye Maric (approx. 1905). Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

2 years before the wedding, in 1901, Einstein wrote so much in his beloved: "... I lost my mind, dying, ferventness from love and desire. The pillow on which you sleep, in the stock, the happier of my heart! You come to me at night, but unfortunately, only in a dream ... ".

However, a short time, the future father of the theory of relativity and the future father of the family writes its bride at all in a different tone: "If you want marriage, you will have to agree to my conditions, here they are:

• first, you will take care of my clothes and bed;
• secondly, you bring me three times a day in my office;
• thirdly, you will refuse all personal contacts with me, with the exception of those necessary to comply with decency in society;
• fourth, always when I ask you about it, you will leave my bedroom and the office;
• fifth, without words of protest, you will perform scientific calculations for me;
• sixth, you will not expect any manifestations of feelings from me. "

Mileva adopted these humiliating conditions and became not only a faithful wife, but also a valuable assistant in work. On May 14, 1904, they are born by the son of Hans Albert, the only successor of Einstein's genus. In 1910, the second son of Eduard was born, who since childhood suffered dementia and finished his life in 1965 in Zurich psychiatric hospital.

Firmly believed that he would receive the Nobel Prize

In fact, the first marriage of Einstein broke up in 1914, in 1919, in the legal framework, the next written promise of Einstein appeared in 1919: "I promise you that when I receive the Nobel Prize, I will give you all the money. You must agree to divorce, otherwise you will not get anything at all. "

The spouses were confident that Albert would become the Nobel laureate for the theory of relativity. He really received the Nobel Prize in 1922, although with a completely different wording (for explaining photoelectric laws). Einstein resolved the word: all 32 thousand dollars (a huge amount for that time) he gave the ex-wife. Until the end of his days, Einstein also cared about defective Edward, wrote to him letters, which he could not even read without any assistance. Having visited the sons in Zurich, Einstein stayed at the Milem in her house. Mileva was very hard for the divorce, was depressed for a long time, was treated with psychoanalysts. She died in 1948 at the age of 73. The feeling of guilt before the first wife, Einstein, until the end of his days.

Second wife Einstein was his sister

In February 1917, a 38-year-old author of the theory of relativity fell ill. Extremely intensive mental work with poor nutrition in the warring Germany (it was the Berlin period of life) and without proper care provoked an acute liver disease. Then the jaundice and ulcer of the stomach added. Initiative to care for the patient assumed his cousin on the motherboard and a second-core sister Elsa Einstein-Lovtenal. She was three years older, diluted, had two daughters. Albert and Elsa were friendly since childhood, new circumstances contributed to their rapprochement. Poor, hearty, motherly caring, word, typical Burgers, Elsa adored to care for his famous brother. As soon as the first wife of Einstein - Mileva Maric - gave consent to the divorce, Albert and Elsa got married, the daughters of Elza Albert adversely and was with them in excellent relations.

Einstein with his wife Elsa. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

Did not apply to trouble seriously

In the usual condition, the scientist was unnaturally calm, almost inhibited. From all emotions preferred self-satisfied cheerfulness. Absolutely did not remove when someone near was sad. He did not see what he did not want to see. Did not relate to seriously to trouble. I believed that the jokes of the trouble were "sink". And that they can be transferred from personal plan to the common one. For example, compare the grief from your divorce with a grief, bringing the people of war. To suppress the emotions to him "Maxima" Larancyfort, he constantly reread them.

Did not like the pronoun "we"

He spoke "I" and did not allow anyone to pronounce "we". The meaning of this pronoun simply did not reach the scientist. His close to each other once saw the endless Einstein in a rage, when the wife said the forbidden "we".

Often closed in himself

To be independent of generally accepted opinions, Einstein often closed alone. It was a childhood habit. He began to talk at 7 years old because he did not want to communicate. He built cozy worlds and opposed their reality. The world of the family, the world of like-minded people, the world of the Patent Bureau, in which he worked, the temple of science. "If the wastewater of life lick the steps of your temple, close the door and skimp ... Do not give in to malice, stay still sainted in the temple." He followed this advice.

Rested, playing the violin and flowing into the trance

The genius always tried to be focused, even when she nounted with sons. I wrote and composed, answering the questions of the eldest son, shaking on the knee of the younger.

Einstein loved to relax in his kitchen, playing Mozart melody on the violin.

And in the second half of life, the scientist helped a special trance, when his mind was not limited to anything, the body did not obey in advance established rules. I slept until we break. Awake, until they send to sleep. He ate until they stop.

Last Your Labor Einstein Szzhog

IN last years Einstein's life worked on creating a single field theory. Its meaning mainly is that with the help of one single equation to describe the interaction of three fundamental forces: electromagnetic, gravitational and nuclear. Most likely, the unexpected discovery in this area and prompted Einstein to destroy his work. What were it for work? Answer, alas, a great physicist, forever healed with me.

Albert Einstein in 1947. Photo: Commons.Wikimedia.org.

Allowed to explore your brain after death

Einstein believed that only a maniac was obsessed with one thought was able to get a significant result. He agreed that his brain examined after his death. As a result, the scientist's brain was extracted 7 hours after the death of an outstanding physics. And immediately stolen.

The death of the genius in Princeton Hospital (USA) in 1955. Opening spent by the pathologist by name Thomas Harvey. He excused Einstein's brain for studying, but instead of providing him with science, he took him personally to himself.

Risching its reputation and workplace, Thomas placed the brain of the greatest genius in a bank with formaldehyde and he took him to his home. He was convinced that such an action is a scientific debt for him. Moreover, Thomas Harvey for 40 years sent slices of Einstein's brain for research to lead neurologists.

The descendants of Thomas Harvey tried to return the daughter of Einstein what was left of her father's brain, but she refused that "gift." Since then, today, the remnants of the brain, ironically, are in Princeton, from where he was stolen.

Scientists who explored Einstein's brain proved that the gray substance was different from the norm. Scientific studies have shown that the Einstein brain areas responsible for speech and language are reduced, while areas responsible for treating numerical and spatial information are increased. Other studies have stated an increase in the number of neuroglial cells *.

* Glial cells [Glial Cell] (Greek: γλοιός - sticky substance, glue) - type of cells of the nervous system. Glial cells together are called neurogly or glia. They make up at least half of the volume of the central nervous system. The number of glial cells is 10-50 times more than neurons. Neurons of the central nervous system are surrounded by glial cells.

Albert Einstein (him. Albert Einstein 1879─1955) is a brilliant physicist, one of the creators of modern theoretical physics, awarded in 1921 of the Nobel Prize. The author of over 300 scientific works in which he described the developed physical theories, among which the total and special theory of relativity, quantum theory, the theory of light dispersion and a number of others. Einstein predicted gravitational waves and "quantum teleportation", studied the problem of a single field theory.

Its discoveries underlie the majority modern technologies: Lasers, photo cells, fiber optic, cosmonautics, nuclear energy and much more are obliged to their advent of great physics. Einstein consistently performed as a pacifist against the use of nuclear weapons and for peace on Earth.

Childhood and youth

Albert Einstein was born on March 14, 1879 in the German city of Ulme in the family of German Einstein and Paulina Koh. The pedigree of both parents took place to the Jewish merchants who lived for two centuries in the Swabian lands. The Father of the Future Physics was engaged in business, but soon after the birth of the son burned. This forced the family to move to Munich to the younger brother Hermann Jacobu. Here in 1881, Alberta will have the younger sister Maria, which the family is always called Mayan.

In early childhood, Albert avoided noisy games with peers, preferring them to classes alone, - construction of card houses, solution puzzles, movement of toy steaming. So he did first discoveries for himself, which will forever remain in his life. One of key moments Einstein's childhood became, at first glance, the worst gift of the father is a compass. But this device led the boy to an indescribable thrill from awareness of what an unknown force drives the arrows of the compass.

Eating one symbolic gift Son received from the mother who had a musical education. She taught him to play the violin, which will be for physics with a real inspiration. It was the violin that helps Albert in solving the riddles of the theory of relativity. As his son Hans Albert recalled later: "When it seemed to him that he went to a dead end, he went to music and there solved his problems". Einstein Sonata Mozart, which he gladly performed himself.

At six years, parents gave Albert to training in the Catholic School of Petersschule, where they often laughed because of the national affiliation. "I felt a stranger," Einstein says. When he was 9 years old, he was transferred to Luitpold's gymnasium. Contrary to the current opinion, he was the best class student and perfectly understood in mathematics, mastering school textbooks of older classes for the summer holidays. The only thing that was silent, is the mechanical memorization of foreign languages.

First steps in science

In 1894, due to financial problems, the Einstein family moved to Northern Italy. Here he gained experience in communicating with electric generators, magnets and coils, writing in 16 years the first article "On the study of the state of the ether in a magnetic field". The brilliant physicist failed to try to enter the Zurich multidisciplinary technical school, perfectly handed over mathematics and unsuccessfully the main exam, which included biology, literature, languages. As a result, it was possible to do only from the second time after graduating from school in Arau.

After receiving a diploma of the teacher of mathematical and physical sciences, Einstein could not get used even to an ordinary teacher. Only with a friend, it is satisfied with the Swiss Federal Pentation Bureau, which did not bother to engage in science. In 1905, which will name "Miracles", in the journal "Annala Physics" Albert publishes three articles on quantum physics, theory of relativity and static physics, which produced a real extension in the scientific world. For example, in the article "On a single heuristic point of view on the emergence and termination of the world", he suggested that homogeneous light consists of quanta, which carry in space at the speed of light. In 1906, Einstein deservedly becomes a doctor of science.

Professorial activities

In 1909, Einstein is elected by Professor of the Zurich University, and then the German University in Prague. At this time, the scientist is working on the theory of gravity, seeking to develop a relativistic theory of gravity. Together with M. Grossman Albert finishes work on the theory of relativity, in which it concluded that any large body creates the curvature of space, so any other body will experience the effect of the first in such space. In essence, space-time acts as a material carrier. To mathematically substantiate a hypothesis, Einstein had to master the tensor analysis and work on four-dimensional pseudomarian generalization.

In 1911, at the first Solveyevsky Congress, Einstein met with Poincare, in the bayonets we having met the theory of relativity. After the beginning of the first world Einstein in collaboration with the city of Nikolai, wrote "appealing to the Europeans", in which the "nationalist madness" condemned.

Berlin period

After some, Albert moves to Berlin University, while at the same time heading the Institute of Physics. After the end of the war, he focused on previous research topics and took up new developments. In particular, it was greatly interested in relativistic cosmology. In 1917, an article "Cosmological considerations to the general theory of relativity" was issued. Soon the scientist is seriously ill - except for older problems with the liver, he suffered from stomach and jaundice ulcers.

Healing, Einstein proceeds to active activities. In the 20s, he was very in demand as a scientist, he was invited to read the lectures the best universities in Europe. In addition, the physicist visited Japan, India, where he met with R. Tagore. In the United States, in honor of him, Congress adopted a special resolution.

After a long rapidation at the end of 1922, Einstein finally was awarded the Nobel Prize for 1921 officially for the theory of photo effect, and not other more famous works. Still, the scientific revolutionism of his ideas made itself felt.

After 70 years, their colleagues from the Colorado University received such condensates. In addition, the scientist became interested in politics and repeatedly spoke of universal internationalism, disarming of the old world and cancel the universal military service. In 1929, the world community was widely celebrated the 50th anniversary of Einstein, who disappeared from everyone at her villa, where he received only close friends.

American period

The growing crisis of the Weimara Republic, who listed in the coming to the authorities of the Fascists, forced Albert to leave Germany. Moreover, candid threats were filled with his address. Together with his family he moved to the United States, intentionally refusing German citizenship in connection with the Nazi crimes. Ocean Einstein will receive the position of professor of physicists in the Princeton Institute of Perspective Research. Here he had a huge recognition and was awarded the audience of US President F. Roosevelt.

Successes on scientific fields alternated with troubles in personal life. In 1936, a longtime friend and associate M. Grossman died, soon a spouse Elsa died. Einstein stayed with his beloved sister, Fadher Chase Margo and Secretary E. Dukas. He lived very modestly and did not even have a television and a car, which led to the amazement of many Americans.

On the eve of the beginning of the Second World War, the scientist put his signature under the appeal to the American president of F. Roosevelt, initiated by the physicist L. Soldov. In it, representatives of the scientific community were alarming about the likely to create nuclear weapons by the Third Reich. The head of state divided this concern and started his own project. In the subsequent Einstein will edit itself for involvement in the creation of an atomic bomb and says the famous words: "We won the war, but not the world".

During the war, the scientist was engaged in advising the US Navy, and after granting it, together with B. Russell, M. Borne, L. Polingom and others became one of the creators of the Paguic movement of scientists who advocate scientific cooperation and disarmament. To prevent a new war, Albert even offered to form the World Government. Until the end of his days, Einstein studied the problems of cosmology and a single field theory.

In 1955, Einstein's health was noticeably deteriorated, problems with heart arose. It prompted him to tell his loved ones that he had fulfilled his destination and ready to die. He met his death adequately, without extra sentimentalities. On April 18, 1955, the heart of the Great Scientist stopped. He did not like the extra Paphos and did not allow it to do to himself after his death. Albert Einstein's funeral turned out to be very modest, on which only close friends were attended. After a memorialist, his body was burned, and the dust dispelled in the wind.

Personal life

The first spouse of the scientist was Serbka Mileva Maric, who was on the formation of a teacher of physics and mathematics. They made a marriage in 1903, but by that time they had a daughter Lizerl, who died in infancy. Then two sons were born - Hans Albert and Eduard. Over time, will be a professor at the University of California and will receive fame as a hydraulick scientist. The fate of the younger Eduard is more tragic - at the beginning of the 30s, he will sink schizophrenia and spend the rest of his days in a mental hospital.

Albert and Milev agreed that in the case of the divorce Einstein would give money, relying for the Nobel Prize of the spouse. So he eventually entered. They purchased three houses in Zurich.

In 1919, Albert married the second time on the cousin on the maternal line Elsa Levental, having adopted her two children Ilzu and Margo. They did not have joint offices, but Einstein referred to adoptive daughters as his own, surrounding them with care and attention. This marriage exists to the death of Elsa in 1936.

One of the most famous personalities of the first half of the 20th century was Albert Einstein. This great scientist reached a lot in his life, becoming not only the Nobel laureate, but also in the root changing the scientific ideas about the universe.

Its Peru owns about 300 scientific works and about 150 books and articles in a wide variety of areas of knowledge.

Born in 1879 in Germany, he lived 76 years old, died on April 18, 1955, where he worked for the last 15 years of life.

Some Einstein contemporaries said that communication with him was similar to the fourth dimension. Of course, often surrounded by halo of fame and various legends. That is why there are often cases when those or other moments of their enthusiastic fans intend to exaggerate.

We are offering to you interesting Facts From the life of Albert Einstein.

Photo 1947

As we first told, Albert Einstein was extremely famous. Therefore, when the casual passers-by, who was a challenged voice, stopped on the street, whether he was often said: "No, I'm sorry, I am constantly confused with Einstein!"

Once he was asked what sound speed. The Great Physicist answered this: "I have no habit to memorize things that can be easily found in the book."

It is curious that in childhood the little Albert developed very slowly. Parents experienced that he would be backward, because he began to speak alone only by 7 years. It is believed that he had one of the forms of autism, possibly asperger's syndrome.

Well known great love Einstein to music. He as a child learned to play the violin and drove her all his life.

Once, reading the newspaper, the scientist stumbled upon an article in which they said that a whole family died due to sulfur dioxide leakage from a faulty refrigerator. Deciding that this is disorder, Albert Einstein with his former student Invented a refrigerator with another, safer principle of action. The invention was also named "Einstein Refrigerator".

It is known that the great physicist had an active civil position. He was a tary supporter of civil rights and stated that Jews in Germany and Black in America are equal with all rights. "Ultimately, we are all people," he said.

Albert Einstein was convinced and performed sharply against any Nazism.

Surely everyone saw a photo, where the scientist shows a language. Interesting the fact that this shot was made on the eve of his 72 birthday. Charter from the camera, to smile at the next request, Albert Einstein showed the language. Now all over the world, this photo not only know, but also interpret each in its own way, giving it a metaphysical meaning.

The fact is that by signing one of the photographs with a thinnest language, the genius said that his gesture was addressed to all mankind. How already here without metaphysics! By the way, contemporaries always emphasized the subtle humor of the scientist and the ability to witness.

It is known that Einstein by nationality was a Jew. So in 1952, when the state is just beginning to be formed into a full-fledged power, a great scientist was proposed to become president. Of course, the physicist flatly refused such a high post, referring to the fact that he was a scientist, and to manage the country he lacks experience.

On the eve of death, he was offered to make an operation, but he refused, saying that "the artificial extension of life does not make sense." In general, all visitors who came to the dying genius celebrated his absolute calm, and even a fun mood. He was waiting for death as an ordinary phenomenon of nature, such as rain. In this, he is very much reminded.

Interesting the fact that the last words of Albert Einstein are unknown. He uttered them in German, who did not know his American nurse.

Using the incredible popularity of his own person, the scientist took for some time for each autograph on one dollar. He donated to charity.

After a single scientific dialogue with comrades on the workshop, Albert Einstein said: "God does not play in the bone." What Niels Bor objected: "Stop specifying God what to do!"

Interestingly, the scientist never considered himself an atheist. But he also did not believe in a personalized God. It is reliably known that he stated that he prefers humility corresponding to the weaknesses of our intellectual awareness. Apparently, before death, he never decided on this concept, remaining a humble questionman.

There is an erroneous statement that Albert Einstein was not very strong in. In fact, at the age of 15, he has already mastered differential and integral calculations.

Having received a $ 1,500 from the Rockefeller Foundation, the great physicist used it as a bookmark for the book. But, alas, he lost this book.

In general, the legends went on his absent. Once Einstein was driving in Berlin tram, and something focused on something. Without recognizing his conductor, having received the wrong amount for the ticket, corrected it. And indeed, step by hand in his pocket, the great scientist discovered missing coins and paid. "Nothing terrible, grandfather," the conductor said, "you just need to learn arithmetic."

It is curious that Albert Einstein never wore socks. He did not give any special explanations about this, but even on the most solemn events of his shoes were shods for Bosu's leg.

It sounds incredible, but Einstein's brain was stolen. After his death in 1955, the pathologist Thomas Harvey took the brain of the scientist and made it photographs at different angles. Then, cutting the brain into a plurality of small parts, he for 40 years sent them to various laboratories to study the best neurologists of the world.

It is noteworthy that the scientist also agreed to ensure that after the death of his brain was investigated. But on the theft of Thomas Harvery, he did not give consent!

In general, the will of the ingenious physics was that after death he was cremated, which was carried out, but only how you already guessed, without a brain. In yet the life of Einstein was a Yary opponent of any cult of personality, so he did not want his grave to become a place of pilgrimage. His dust was dispelled in the wind.

Interesting the fact that interest in science woke up from Albert Einstein in childhood. When he was 5 years old, he got sick something. Father to calm him, showed him a compass. Little Albert was amazed that the arrow was constantly showing in one direction, as he spit this mysterious device. He decided that there was some force forcing the arrow to behave this way. By the way, after the scientist became famous for the whole world, this story was often told.

Albert Einstein loved the "Maxima" of the outstanding French thinker and politician Francois de Larochetuk. He constantly reread them.

In general, Berrtold Brecht preferred in the literature of genius.

At the age of 17, Albert Einstein wanted to enter the Swiss Higher Technical School in Zurich. However, he only passed the exam in mathematics, and all the others failed. For this reason, he had to go to a professional school. A year later, he still managed to pass the required exams.

When in 1914 the radicals captured the hostage of the rector and several professors, Albert Einstein, together with Max Born, went to negotiations. They managed to find a common language with rioters, and the situation was resolved in a peaceful way. From this we can draw conclusions that the scientist was not from a timid.

By the way, and here is an extremely rare photo of a matra. We will bypass without comment - just admire the genius!

Another interesting fact that not everyone knows. For the first time Einstein nominated the Nobel Prize in 1910 for the theory of relativity. However, the Committee considered it insufficient. Further, every year (!), Except 1911 and 1915, and recommended various physics on this prestigious award.

And only in November 1922, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for 1921. A diplomatic exit from an awkward situation was found. Einstein was awarded the award not for the theory of relativity, but for the theory of photo effect, although the text of the decision was the attack: "... and for other works in the field of theoretical physics."

As a result, we see that one of the greatest, as it is believed to be physicists, was awarded only to the tenth times. Why would it be such a stretch? Very favorable soil for fans of the theory of conspiracies.

Do you know that the face of the master of iodine from the film "Star Wars" was created on the basis of Einstein images? Mimic genius was used as a prototype.

Despite the fact that the scientist died back in 1955, he confidently takes the 7th place in the "" list. The annual income from the sale of Baby Einstein products is more than 10 million dollars.

There is a common belief that Albert Einstein was a vegetarian. But this is not true. In principle, he supported this movement, but he himself began to follow a vegetarian diet for about a year before his death.

Personal life Einstein

In 1903, Albert Einstein marries his classmate Milece Marich, who is 4 years older than him.

A year before, they had an extramarital daughter. However, due to the material difficulties, the young father insisted to give the child to the rich, but childless relatives of Milem, who themselves wanted it. In general, I must say that this dark history of the physicist hid in every way. Therefore, there are no detailed information about this daughter. Some biographers believe that she died in childhood.

When started scientific career Albert Einstein, success and travel around the world affected his relationship with Mileva. They were on the verge of divorce, but then, nevertheless, they agreed on one strange contract. Einstein offered his wife to continue to live together, provided that she would agree with his requirements:

1. Follow the cleanliness of his clothes and rooms (especially the desk).
2. Regularly bring breakfast, lunch and dinner into the room.
3. Full rejection of married relationships.
4. Stop talking when he asks.
5. Leave his room for first demand.

Surprisingly, the spouse agreed to these humiliating conditions for any woman, and they lived together for some time. Although then Mileva Maric still could not stand the constant her husband and after a 16-year-old life, they divorced.

Interestingly, two years before the first marriage, he wrote his beloved:

"... I lost my mind, dying, ferventness from love and desire. The pillow on which you sleep, in the stock, the happier of my heart! You come to me at night, but unfortunately, only in a dream ... ".

But then everything went to Dostoevsky: "From love to hate one step." Feelings quickly cooled and were in a burden for both.

By the way, before the divorce Einstein promised that in case of receiving the Nobel Prize (and this happened in 1922), he will give it to Milev. The divorce took place, but the money received from the Nobel Committee, he did not give the ex-wife, and allowed her only to use interest from them.

In total, they were born three children: two legitimate son and one extramarital daughter, which we have already spoken. Junior Son Einstein Eduard possessed great abilities. But being a student, he suffered a heavy breakdownAs a result, he was diagnosed with schizophrenia. Once in a psychiatric hospital at 21, he spent a majority of life there, dies in 55 years. Albert Einstein himself could not accept the idea that he had a mentally sick son. There are letters in which he complains that he would be better not born at all.

With the eldest son Gansa, Einstein was extremely bad relationship. And until the death of the scientist. Biographers believe that this is directly due to the fact that he did not give his wife a Nobel Prize, as promised, but only interest. Hans is the only successor of the genus Einstein, although his father bequeathed him extremely small inheritance.

It is important to emphasize that after the divorce, Mileva Maric suffered a long time from depressions, and was treated from different psychoanalysts. Albert Einstein felt the guilt before her.

Nevertheless, the great physicist was a real lovelace. After the divorce with the first wife, he literally immediately married a cousin (Mother's line) Elsa sister. During this marriage, he had many mistresses, which Elsa knew perfectly well. Moreover, they spoke free on this topic. Apparently Elsa was enough official status of the wife of a scientist with a world-famous name.

This second wife Albert Einstein was also diluted, had two daughters and, like the first spouse physics, was three years older than his scientist husband. Despite the fact that they did not have joint children, they lived together until the death of Elsa in 1936

Interesting the fact that initially Einstein was thinking about marrying Elsa's daughter, which was 18 years old younger than him. However, she did not agree, so I had to marry her mother.

Stories from the life of Einstein

Stories from the life of great people are always extremely interesting. Although, if there is objective, any person in this sense represents enormous interest. Just to outstanding representatives of humanity, more attention is always sent. We are pleased to idealize the image of a genius, attributing to him supernatural actions, words and phrases.

Count to three

Once, Albert Einstein was on a sought evening. Knowing that the great scientist is fond of the game on the violin, the owners asked him to play along with the composer Hans Eisler attended here. After cooking, they tried to play.

However, Einstein did not fall into the beat, and they, how many were trying, and they could not even play the entry to play. Then Eisler rose because of the piano and said:

- I do not understand why the whole world considers a great man who does not know how to count to three!

Brilliant violinist

It is said that one day Albert Einstein performed at a charity concert with the famous Cellist Gregory Pyatigorsky. Immediately there was one journalist in the hall who was supposed to write a concert report. Turning to one of the listeners and pointing to Einstein, he asked him in a whisper:

- You do not know what your name is this man with a mustache and violin?

- What are you! - exclaimed the lady. - After all, this is the great Einstein!

Having embarrassed, the journalist thanked her, and began to write something convulsively into his notebook. The next day, an article appeared in the newspaper that an outstanding composer and an incomparable violipper virtuoso on the surname Einstein, who was eclipsed by Pyatigorsk himself with his skill.

It was so chained Einstein, who had already loved humor, that he cut out this note, and if the case he told his acquaintances:

- Do you think I'm a scientist? It's deep delusion! In fact, I am a famous violinist!

Great Thoughts

Another case with a journalist, who asked Einstein, where he writes his great thoughts. On this scientist answered, looking at the thick diary of the reporter:

- A young man, truly great thoughts come so rarely that they are not at all difficult to remember!

Time and Eternity

Once a US journalist, attacked by the famous physics, asked him, what is the difference between time and eternity. On this Albert Einstein replied:

"If I had time to explain to you, then would have passed the whole eternity before you would be able to understand it."

Two celebrities

In the first half of the 20th century, only two people were truly world celebrities: Einstein and (see). After the release of the film "Golden Fever", the scientist wrote a comic telegram of such a content:

"I am delighted with your film that is understandable to the whole world. You will undoubtedly become a great man. "

What Chaplin replied:

"I admire you even more! Your theory of relativity is incomprehensible to anyone in the world, and nevertheless you have become a great man. "

It does not matter

About Albert Einstein's absentmission we have already written. But here's another example of his life.

Once, walking down the street and thinking about the meaning of being and global problems of mankind, he met his old friend who was mechanically invited for dinner:

- Come tonight, our guest will be Professor Stimson.

- But I am stimson! - exclaimed the interlocutor.

"It doesn't matter whether Einstein said absently.

Colleague

Somehow, walking along the corridor of the University of Princeton, Albert Einstein met with a young physicist who had no merit in front of science, except uncontrolled self-talkative. Having grew up with the famous scientist, the young man sickly slammed him on his shoulder and asked:

- How are you, colleague?

"As," Einstein was surprised, "you also support rheumatism?"

In a sense of humor, he really was not to refuse!

All but money

One journalist asked his wife Einstein, that she thinks about his great husband.

- Oh, my husband is a real genius - answered the spouse - he knows how to do absolutely everything except money!

Quotes Einstein

Do you think all that simple? Yes, everything is simple. But not at all.

The one who wants to see the results of his work immediately must go to shoemakers.

Theory is when everything is known, but nothing works. Practice is when everything works, but no one knows why. We combine theory and practice: nothing works ... and no one knows why!

There are only two endless things: universe and stupidity. Although I'm not sure about the universe.

Everyone knows that it is impossible. But it comes ignion to which it is unknown - he does the discovery.

I do not know what weapon will be the third world WarBut fourth - sticks and stones.

Only the fool needs in order - the genius dominates chaos.

There are only two ways to live life. The first - as if miracles do not exist. The second - as if there are some wonders around.

Education is what remains after everything learned in school is forgotten.

We are all geniuses. But if you judge the fish by her ability to climb on a tree, she will live a lifetime, considering themselves fool.

Only those who take absurd attempts will be able to achieve the impossible.

The more my glory, the more stupid; And such, undoubtedly, the general rule.

Imagination is more important than knowledge. Knowledge is limited, while imagination covers a whole world, stimulating progress by giving rise to evolution.

You never solve the problem if you think the same way as those who created it.

If the theory of relativity is confirmed, the Germans will say that I am German, and the French - that I am a citizen of the world; But if my theory is refuted, the French will announce me by the German, and the Germans are a Jew.

Mathematics is the only perfect method of led by the nose.

With the help of coincidence, God retains anonymity.

The only thing that prevents me from learn is the education received by me.

I survived two wars, two wives and.

I never think about the future. It comes soon enough.

It can lead you from point a to item B, and imagination - anywhere.

Never remember what you can find in the book.

If you liked interesting facts and stories from the life of Albert Einstein, subscribe to - with us is always interesting.