The most interesting nations in terms of culture. The peoples of the world and their national culture. See pages where the term Culture of different countries is mentioned
Many different peoples live on planet Earth with their own history, culture and customs. These peoples interact with each other. Sometimes they are friends, sometimes their relationship becomes strained and tense. This is due to the cultural characteristics of the people of one or another nationality, their religion and customs. The culture of all peoples, without exception, has its own characteristics. “Take a wedding, for example. This ceremony is obligatory for all peoples, for all people there is an institution of marriage. But every nation has its own characteristics. For example, a ransom at a traditionally Russian wedding comes down to a fun ritual, with the performance of many tasks and solving problems by the groom and his friends. If you visit a Turkish wedding, then here the ransom includes the solemn arrival of the groom's relatives with the gift of gifts to all the relatives of the future wife. At a Russian wedding, the girl is having fun with the guests, and at a Turkish wedding, the young are absent, the guests are having fun without them. So it is in other traditions and rituals.
The definition of the word culture has a wide meaning. Culture includes everything that allows you to learn about the life of a particular people, a particular country. When planning to go anywhere, be sure to take an interest in the life and history of the people, customs and traditions. In the modern world, it is easy to find interesting material about the culture of nations. local cultural news sites are also indicative. On these sites, you can find out about actual cultural events such as art exhibitions, opening of museums, performances or galleries. Having looked through such a site of the country to which you are going to go, you can already understand a lot about people, their preferences, way of life. Here is an example of such a site http://md-eksperiment.org. The cultural heritage of a people characterizes it and helps to draw a conclusion about this people. Traditions that are considered the norm in Europe may be unacceptable in the East and Asia. Eastern peoples and Asians are more patriarchal. The institution of marriage is more developed here, here, from childhood, a respectful attitude towards the elderly and women is absorbed and fostered, which cannot be said about Europeans. It is very important to preserve the customs and rituals that have been passed down from generation to generation for centuries. If a person does not know his culture. He does not know his past and has no roots.
Recently, the peoples of America, Oceania, Africa, Asia are of great interest. Studying the culture of these peoples, one can personally touch the origins of these peoples.
As an example, consider the celebration of the New Year. In Europe, Christmas is known to be more popular. This is a magical holiday when all wishes come true. The main attributes of European Christmas are Santa Claus, reindeer, socks for gifts, turkey, Christmas dinner, bells. In Asia New Year completely different. In the Eastern countries, China, Kazakhstan, it is a holiday of the beginning of a new life. It is celebrated in the spring, when a new life is born. This is a holiday of renewal. The attributes of the Kazakh New Year are special dishes - "baursak", "beshbarmak", horse racing "kok par". In Russia, the New Year is traditionally a cheerful holiday associated with the hope for new life... In our country, it is customary to celebrate this holiday with friends noisily, cheerfully and for a long time.
There are many differences in the religion of the peoples of the world. Everyone knows that the main directions of religious movements Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism have similarities with each other, but they also have many differences.
Each person is individual, each nation is unique. There should be enough space on the big planet for all peoples and nationalities. Everyone would like to wish with respect to the culture of other nations, to customs and traditions that should not alienate people from each other, but, on the contrary, should bring people closer, bring their culture, cuisine and traditions closer. The rapprochement of cultures will strengthen positive relations between peoples.
The culture of the peoples of Russia is one of the most diverse in the world. More than 190 peoples live on its territory, each of which individually has its own unique culture, and the larger the number, the more noticeable the contribution of this people to the culture of the whole country.
The most numerous in Russia is the Russian population - it is 111 million people. The three most numerous nationalities are closed by Tatars and Ukrainians.
Russian culture
Russian culture has a huge historical and cultural heritage and dominates the state.
Orthodoxy is the most widespread religion among the Russian people, which has had a tremendous impact on the development of the moral culture of the peoples of Russia.
The second religion in number, although incomparably losing to Orthodoxy, is Protestantism.
Russian housing
A log hut with a gable roof is considered a traditional Russian dwelling. The entrance was a porch, a stove and a cellar were built in the house.
There are still many huts in Russia, for example, in the town of Vyatka, Arbazh district Kirov region... There is an opportunity to visit the unique Museum of the Russian hut in the village of Kochemirovo, Kadomsky district, Ryazan region, where you can see not only a real hut, but also household items, a stove, a loom and other elements of Russian culture.
Russian national costume
In general, men's folk costume consisted of a shirt with an embroidered collar, pants, bast shoes or boots. The shirt was worn outside and picked up with a belt made of fabric. A caftan was worn as outerwear.
Women's folk costume consisted of a long embroidered shirt with long sleeves, a sundress or a skirt with a frill, and a woolen skirt on top - a poneva. Married women wore a headdress - a warrior. The festive headdress was a kokoshnik.
V Everyday life Russian folk costumes are no longer worn. The best examples of this clothing can be seen in ethnographic museums, as well as at all kinds of dance competitions and festivals of Russian culture.
Traditional Russian cuisine
Russian cuisine is known for its first courses - cabbage soup, hodgepodge, fish soup, pickle, okroshka. Porridge was usually prepared as a second course. “Shchi and porridge is our food,” they have said for a long time.
Very often, cottage cheese is used in dishes, especially when making pies, cheese cakes and cheesecakes.
The preparation of various pickles and marinades is popular.
You can try Russian dishes in numerous restaurants of Russian cuisine, which are found almost everywhere in Russia and abroad.
Family traditions and spiritual values of the Russian people
The family has always been the main and unconditional value for the Russian people. Therefore, from ancient times it was important to remember your family. The connection with the ancestors was sacred. Children are often named after grandparents, sons are named after fathers - in this way they show respect for relatives.
Previously, the profession was often passed from father to son, but now this tradition has practically died out.
An important tradition is the inheritance of things, family heirlooms. This is how things accompany the family from generation to generation and acquire their own history.
Both religious and secular holidays are celebrated.
The most massively celebrated public holiday in Russia is the New Year holiday. Many people also celebrate the Old New Year on January 14th.
The following holidays are also celebrated: Defender of the Fatherland Day, International Women's Day, Victory Day, Workers' Solidarity Day ("May" holidays on May 1-2), Constitution Day.
The largest Orthodox holidays are Easter and Christmas.
Not so massively, but the following are also noted Orthodox holidays: Baptism of the Lord, Transfiguration of the Lord (Apple saved), Honey saved, Trinity and others.
Russian folk culture and the Maslenitsa holiday, which lasts a whole week until Lent, are practically inseparable from each other. This holiday is rooted in paganism, but is now celebrated everywhere by Orthodox people. Shrovetide also symbolizes the farewell to winter. Business card festive table- pancakes.
Ukrainian culture
The number of Ukrainians in the Russian Federation is approximately 1 million 928 thousand people - this is the third largest population among the general population, and therefore Ukrainian culture is an important component of the culture of the peoples of Russia.
Traditional Ukrainian housing
Ukrainian hut is an important component of Ukrainian traditional culture. A typical Ukrainian house was wooden, small in size, with a hipped roof made of thatched. The hut was necessarily whitewashed inside and out.
There are such huts in Russia, for example, in the Orenburg region, in the western and central regions of Ukraine, in Kazakhstan, but almost always the thatched roof is replaced with slate or covered with roofing felt.
Ukrainian folk costume
The man's suit is made up of a linen shirt and wide trousers. An embroidered front slit is characteristic of the Ukrainian shirt; they wear it tucked into their pants, girded with a sash.
The basis for the women's outfit is a long shirt. The hem of the shirt and the sleeves were always embroidered. A corset, skirt or andarak was worn on top.
The most famous element of traditional Ukrainian clothing is embroidery - a men's or women's shirt, characterized by complex and varied embroidery.
Ukrainian folk costumes are no longer worn, but they can be seen in museums and at festivals of Ukrainian folk culture. But embroidered shirts are still in use and are even gaining more and more popularity - Ukrainians of all ages like to wear them, both as a festive outfit and as an element of everyday wardrobe.
The most famous Ukrainian dish is red beet and cabbage borsch.
The most popular product in Ukrainian cuisine is lard - it is used to prepare many dishes, eaten separately, salted, fried and smoked.
Wheat flour products are widespread. National dishes include dumplings, dumplings, verguns, lemishki.
Ukrainian cuisine is loved and popular not only among Ukrainians, but also among many other residents of Russia - it will not be difficult to find a restaurant of Ukrainian cuisine in large cities.
The family values of Ukrainians and Russians are largely identical. The same applies to religion - Orthodox Christianity occupies a large part of the confession of the Ukrainians living in Russia; traditional holidays are almost the same.
Tatar culture
Representatives of the Tatar ethnic group on the territory of Russia make up approximately 5 million 310 thousand people - this is 3.72% of the total population of the country.
Tatar religion
The main religion of the Tatars is Sunni Islam. At the same time, there is a small part of the Kryashen Tatars, whose religion is Orthodoxy.
Tatar mosques can be seen in many cities of Russia, for example, the Moscow Historical Mosque, the St. Petersburg Cathedral Mosque, the Perm Cathedral Mosque, the Izhevsk Cathedral Mosque and others.
Traditional Tatar housing
The Tatar dwelling was a four-walled log house, fenced off from the facade and remote from the street, with a passage. Inside, the room was divided into a female and a male part, the female part was at the same time a kitchen. Houses were decorated with bright paintings, especially the gates.
In Kazan, the Republic of Tatarstan, there are many such estates left, not only as architectural monuments, but also as residential buildings.
The costume may differ depending on the subgroup of Tatars, however, the clothing of the Volga Tatars had a great influence on the uniform image of the national costume. It consists of a shirt-dress and wide trousers for both women and men, and a robe was often used as an outer garment. The headdress for men was a skullcap, for women - a velvet cap.
In their original form, such costumes are no longer worn, but some elements of clothing are still in use, for example, scarves, ichigi. You can see traditional clothes in ethnographic museums and thematic exhibitions.
Traditional Tatar cuisine
A distinctive feature of this cuisine is that not only Tatar ethnic traditions have influenced its development. From different cultures, Tatar cuisine has absorbed bal-may, dumplings, pilaf, baklava, tea and other various dishes.
Tatar cuisine boasts a variety of flour products, among them: echpochmak, kystyby, kabartma, sansa, kyimak.
Milk is often used, but most often in processed form - cottage cheese, katyk, sour cream, syuzme, eremchek.
A lot of restaurants throughout Russia offer a menu of Tatar cuisine, and the best choice, of course, in the capital of Tatarstan - Kazan.
Family traditions and spiritual values of the Tatars
The creation of a family has always been the highest value of the Tatar people. Marriage is considered a sacred duty.
The moral and spiritual culture of the peoples of Russia is in one way or another connected with the religious culture, and the peculiarities of Muslim marriage are that it is inextricably linked with the religious culture of Muslims. For example, the Koran forbids marrying an atheist woman, an agnostic woman; marriage with a representative of another religion is not too approved.
Now Tatars get to know each other and marry mainly without the intervention of the family, but earlier the most common marriage was matchmaking - the groom's relatives went to the bride's parents and made an offer.
The Tatar family is a family of the patriarchal type, married woman was completely at the mercy of her husband and on his maintenance. The number of children in a family sometimes exceeded six. The spouses settled with the husband's parents; living with the bride's parents was a shame.
Unquestioning obedience and respect for elders is another most important feature of the Tatar mentality.
Tatar holidays
The Tatar culture of the celebration includes both Islamic and original Tatar and all-Russian state holidays.
Major religious holidays are Uraza Bayram - the holiday of breaking the fast, in honor of the end of the month of fasting - Ramadan, and Eid al-Adha - the holiday of sacrifice.
Until now, the Tatars also celebrate Kargatuy, or Karga Butkasy, a folk holiday of spring, and Sabantuy, a holiday on the occasion of the completion of spring agricultural work.
The culture of each people of Russia is unique, and together they represent an amazing puzzle that will be inferior if you remove some part. Our task is to know and appreciate this cultural heritage.
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How do all the countries of the world differ from each other? Of course, the geographical location and ethnic composition. But there is more. Today we will talk about the most interesting customs and traditions of the peoples of the world.
Turkey
A Turkish man cannot have a second spouse until he gives the first gold jewelry worth at least ten thousand dollars. It is generally accepted that this is how a man can confirm his financial viability and prove his ability to feed several wives.
It is not very cultured to talk at the table without asking permission from the owner of the house, and you should not choose too carefully for yourself pieces of food from a common dish. And if you decide to use a toothpick, then you should do it with your hand over your mouth, as if you were playing a harmonica.
India
Among the interesting traditions and customs of the peoples of the world, the rituals of India occupy a special place. It's worth starting with a greeting. Of course, you can just shake hands when you meet. But there are some subtleties here. For example, shaking hands with someone you didn't know before is bad form. Women should not shake hands either - this is considered an insult in India. How can you greet your interlocutor so as not to offend him? Connect the hands at chest level.
Without a doubt, many people know about the cult of the animal that exists in Wonderland, as India is also called. The main animal here is the cow. They are the ones who calmly walk the streets settlements... Cows die by their own death, usually from old age, because it is forbidden to take their meat for food in India.
But not only artiodactyls have the status of sacred animals. Monkey temples are being built in this country. The most famous is the Palace of the Winds, which, by the way, is not recommended for tourists to enter. Why? Yes, because a huge number of monkeys live there, which can be aggressive. Another animal revered in India is the peacock. They live here literally singing their songs everywhere: in temples, in the courtyards of houses and just on the streets.
If you decide to visit a temple in India, be sure to take off your shoes when entering. And in general, during the trip, exclude genuine leather shoes from your wardrobe.
Kenya
If we talk about funny and funny customs and traditions of the peoples of the world, you should pay attention to this African country. Here, the young spouse is obliged to wear women's outfits for a month after the wedding and perform all women's duties.
China
Once in China, such a method of revenge as revenge through suicide was practiced: an offended person came to the house (or yard) of his offender and killed himself. In this case, the Chinese said, the soul of a suicide does not ascend to heaven, but remains in the house of the offender and brings various misfortunes to him and his family.
Once upon a time in China, such a tradition was widespread as bandaging the legs. It appeared in the 10th century. The feet of six-year-old girls were tied tightly with bandages. This was done in order to prevent the growth of the leg. The fact is that in China a small foot is the standard of beauty; girls with tiny legs are easier to marry. Due to the fact that the girls were in terrible pain and had difficulty walking, in 1912 leg bandaging was officially banned. But in some regions of the country this is still practiced.
Today, China also has interesting traditions. For example, when going on a visit, you should not take flowers with you. The owners of the house take this as a hint that the house is so uncomfortable and unattractive that the guest decided to decorate it on his own.
Many customs and traditions of the peoples of the world are associated with food intake. China is no exception. Here, for example, champing is not a sign of uncivilized behavior, but quite the opposite. If you do not chomp at the table, it can offend both the owners of the house where you are invited for lunch or dinner, and the cook in the restaurant. The inhabitants of the Celestial Empire consider a quiet meal to be a meal without pleasure. Don't worry about accidental stains on the tablecloth. You should even deliberately stain it, thereby making it clear that the food gave you incredible pleasure.
Thailand
Speaking about the most unusual customs and traditions of the peoples of the world, it is worth noting the so-called monkey banquet, which is usually held in the province of Thailand called Lopburi. It happens as follows: literally thousands of kilograms are brought to the local temple. fresh vegetables and fruits and invite about two thousand monkeys. These animals are loved here because once a whole army of monkeys helped the god Rama to defeat the enemies.
There are other traditions as well. For example, it is not recommended to point at something (and even more so someone) with your foot. The lower body is considered despicable in this country. By the way, it is for this reason that you should not sit with one foot on the other and pointing your feet towards the Buddha statue. Going to Thailand, it is important to know that Thais honor absolutely every image of a deity, and therefore you should not lean, step or climb on statues to take an unusual photo. Another local tradition says: be sure to take off your shoes before entering someone's house or temple.
Norway
A special place among the customs and traditions of the peoples of the world is occupied by the way of life of the Norwegians. For example, in this country it is not customary to give up places in public transport to people of age. The fact is that here it is perceived as a demonstration of a physical advantage. What else should you not do in Norway? Ask about your health. This is considered too personal.
It is not customary in Norway to hug when you meet. Usually people just shake hands or barely touch each other with their fingertips. When parting, you can pat each other on the back. Another interesting tradition concerns visiting visits: you shouldn't go to someone's place without warning. In addition, it is imperative to inform the exact time of departure. You won't be able to leave later than this time - the owners will show the door without a twinge of conscience at the appointed hour.
Denmark
If you are interested in unusual traditions and customs of the peoples of the world, we advise you to pay attention to Denmark. A flag hung in the window means that there is someone in this house who is celebrating a birthday.
A very interesting tradition applies to young people and girls, whose age has reached 25 years. It is customary to sprinkle them with cinnamon. This is done so that a pleasant smell helps to understand the opposite sex that this person lonely and would not mind getting to know each other.
Japan
When discussing interesting customs and traditions of the peoples of the world, one cannot but mention the Japanese rituals. It is not customary here to leave work until the manager leaves. It is also not customary to greet each other with a handshake, usually they just make a courteous bow.
Local traditions also talk about the number of flowers that can be given. Unlike Russia, where they give only an odd number of flowers, in Japan they give only an even number. The Japanese say: a flower without a pair feels lonely, fades quickly. An odd number of flowers are suitable for funeral ceremonies.
Andaman islands
Getting acquainted with the unusual customs and traditions of the peoples of the world, one cannot ignore the Andaman Islands. When they meet, one indigenous man sits down on his knees to another aborigine, hugs him by the neck and begins to cry. No, no, he does not complain about his sad life and is not going to tell tragic episodes from his biography. So he simply expresses the joy of meeting a fellow tribesman.
Tibet
Among the strangest customs and traditions of the peoples of the world is the Tibetan ritual to show each other the language when they meet. This custom appeared in the 9th century. Then Tibet was ruled by King Landarm, who was distinguished by special cruelty. The main feature of the king was a black tongue. The Tibetans were afraid that the king (or his soul) could move into someone after death, and therefore, for safety reasons, they began to show their tongues to each other.
If you also decide to join this tradition, make sure not to eat anything before that could stain your tongue dark.
Vietnam
In Vietnam, it is not customary to look your interlocutor in the eye. There are two reasons for this: the first is the shyness inherent in the Vietnamese, the second - the interlocutor may be a more respected person, may have a higher rank. Speaking about interesting traditions and customs of the peoples of the world concerning children, it is worth noting the Vietnamese ban on praising a newborn child. In this country, it is believed that an evil spirit in the vicinity can hear about the value of the baby and steal it.
It is not customary in this country to argue loudly. The Vietnamese are distinguished by self-discipline and good upbringing, and therefore the heated discussions of guests from Europe cause disapproval among the locals. If we talk about the rather mysterious national customs and traditions of the peoples of the world, one cannot but mention the tradition of the Vietnamese to hang on entrance doors(from the outside) mirrors. What for? Everything is very simple - a dragon who wants to get into the house will see its reflection and think that the dragon already lives in this house.
Tanzania
In Tanzania, as, indeed, in other regions of Africa, it is customary to consider left hand dirty, and the right one is clean. That is why it is not customary here to eat or give gifts with your left hand. The method of accepting gifts is also interesting: first you need right hand touch the gift, and then you need to hold the donor by his right hand.
USA
In the United States of America, it is customary to celebrate almost any event. This list includes birthdays, weddings, childbirths or pregnancies, and more. For the culprits of the occasion, for example, guests usually arrange a procedure called shedding.
What gifts are they showered with? It all depends on the reason. These can be items that are useful in the household (towels, pancake pans or vases), but you can also get very frivolous gifts.
Wedding customs
Well, and as a bonus - wedding traditions and customs of different nations of the world. For example, every resident of Andalusia, even a little self-respecting, is simply obliged to jump from a cliff upside down before the wedding. It's just that ancient traditions say: only a man with a strong skull can marry. But the most interesting thing is different: the height of the rock depends on the number of relatives of the future wife - the more there are, the more heights you will have to jump.
The wedding tradition, which is observed in some parts of India, may seem funny. In some states, third marriages are prohibited. You can lead a woman to the altar twice, four times too, but three times are strictly prohibited. Moreover, only marriage with a living person is prohibited. Therefore, men who decided not to stop at two marriages are forced to marry a tree for the third time. The wedding ceremony is usually not so lavish, but guests and gifts are present. After the wedding celebrations are over, the invitees help the newly-made spouse to become a widow - all together they cut the bride down. The problem is solved, you can marry again.
Speaking about wedding traditions and rituals of the peoples of the world, one should not lose sight of the Greek traditions. Here, during the entire wedding celebration, a young wife seeks to step on her husband's foot. The best way to do this is to dance. Such a maneuver, according to local beliefs, suggests that a woman has every chance of becoming the head of the family.
On the Nicobar Islands, located in the Bay of Bengal, a man who expressed a desire to marry a girl had to become her slave for some time (usually from six months to a year). During this time, the girl had to think over everything and give an answer. If she agrees to marry, the village council declares the couple husband and wife. In case of refusal, the man was forced to return home.
One of the most interesting wedding traditions and customs of the peoples of the world can be safely called the rituals of Central Nigeria. Here, marriageable girls are locked up in separate huts and fattened. Only the mothers of these girls are allowed into these huts. For several months (or even years), parents bring their daughters a large amount of flour food to make them stout. The fact is that curvy women are very much appreciated in these places, which means that it is easier for fat women to get married successfully.
It is customary for Vietnamese newlyweds to give two gifts. It is believed that one gift symbolizes an imminent divorce. Therefore, it is better to present two inexpensive presentations than one expensive one.
