Solid foundation blocks (fbs): dimensions according to GOST, price per piece, pros and cons, marking. Foundation blocks FBS foundation blocks volume of concrete

FBS is the abbreviation for reinforced concrete blocks. The abbreviation stands for foundation concrete solid. Such blocks are made of heavy types of concrete and are used to create tape-type foundations and erect walls. High, which creates special strength for the finished product, allows the use of foundation blocks in the construction of plinths of various objects, choosing the right dimensions. It is convenient to use them in the construction of garages equipped with inspection pits, cottages. Without them, the construction of greenhouses, warehouses, farm premises for keeping animals, and various industrial facilities is not complete. With the help of FBS blocks, massive plinths are arranged for buildings that create a large load on the base of the building.

Species that are small in size are used for the construction of temporary road signs. Sometimes devices are prepared from them for placing small advertising or information boards.

For the convenience of consumers, who use them everywhere in modern construction, they produce wall foundation blocks of various sizes approved by GOST.

When pouring concrete products at the factory, they are reinforced using mounting wire. The end part of concrete products of this type has specially created grooves that are filled with mortar when laying. During installation, they are installed with a crane and fixed together with cement mortar.

What can be the dimensions?

Reinforced concrete blocks are produced in accordance with standards that provide for their use in the construction of industrial and civil buildings. FBS blocks have the shape of a parallelepiped. They can be poured with a height of 300 or 600 mm. GOST approved the width of the product. It can be 300, 400, 500 and 600 mm. Their length is 600, 800 or 900 mm. Also approved are length dimensions of 900, 1200 or 2400 mm.

All sizes are indicated on the marking, which consists of a set of certain letters and numbers. The higher the values ​​​​of the numbers in the marking, the greater the weight of an individual copy.

Heavy types of these concrete products are used for plinths. When erecting walls, partitions, lighter types are used that can be laid manually.

The product labeled FBS 24-6-6 t indicates that it is:

1. Foundation block wall.
2. Its length is 2400 mm.
3. The width of the finished product is 600 mm.
4. It has a height of 600 mm.
5. The designation in the form of the letter "t" indicates that a brand of heavy concrete was used for the manufacture.
6. It is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped.
7. Its density is not less than 1800 kg/m³.

The type of FBS with such a marking is the most common among buyers. FBS 24-4-6 and FBS-24-5-6 are two more types of products whose sizes have become the most popular in the construction market.

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How to choose FBS for building a basement?

To calculate the amount of material required to create a plinth and select products of the right size, you need to know the height of the top of the finished plinth and its bottom. It is important to determine the width of the foundation and its total length. This will help, using simple mathematical calculations, to calculate the amount required for the work. For calculations, you can use the calculator on construction sites.

When working with products of large sizes, use a crane. Small specimens weighing up to 100 kg are mounted manually.

To perform basement work, use FBS blocks 9, 12 or 24. The numbers indicate the length. The higher it is, the greater the load that the structure created from them can withstand.

Their installation is carried out separately, according to the same technology that is used for laying bricks. They are laid on a cement mortar, bringing out four or five rows in height, making all the necessary dressings of the internal and external walls. After the masonry is completed, a reinforced belt is created around the entire perimeter and the ceiling is installed from above. After the wall is erected, the structure is treated with tar, creating a layer of waterproofing.

When choosing FBS foundation blocks for the construction, the entire process of building a building is accelerated, which will stand firmly for a long time.

The dimensions of standard reinforced concrete structures allow you to calculate the required amount of materials to create a basement floor.

One of the most common options for building a foundation is the use of concrete blocks.

These structures do not need formwork, and their strength is guaranteed by the factory technology of vibrating and steaming concrete.

When building on soft soils, the blocks rest on foundation pads - wide prismatic slabs that reduce pressure on the soil.

In addition to the construction of prefabricated foundations, blocks are also used for the construction of retaining walls, ramps, fences, platforms and flyovers.

Technical conditions of production, typical dimensions and strength characteristics are regulated by the State Standard No. 13579, issued in 1978. In addition to heavy concrete, this standard allows the use of light silicate mixtures in the production of blocks, provided that their density is not less than 1800 kg per 1 m3.

Varieties of foundation blocks

The most common type is a solid concrete foundation block, denoted by the letters FBS. It is used for installation under external and internal load-bearing walls.

GOST clearly indicates the overall dimensions of these structures:

• With a length of 2.38 meters, the thickness of the FBS blocks can be from 30 to 60 cm (the step is 10 cm). Everyone has the same height - 58 cm;
• Blocks with a length of 1.18 meters are produced in three thicknesses: 40, 50 and 60 cm. The height is represented by two sizes - 58 and 28 cm;
• Short (additional) blocks. Length 0.88 meters. Thickness 30, 40, 50, 60 cm. Standard height - 58 cm. They are used in order not to chop a full-sized block into pieces, thereby violating its strength.

The weight of a standard FBS block, depending on the size, can range from 380 to 1960 kg (density 2400 kg/m3).

FBV brand blocks

They are produced to order in small batches, so they are quite rare at construction sites. The main difference from FBS blocks is a longitudinal cutout used for laying engineering communications. These are short designs with a standard length (L) of 88 cm. Their width (B) can be 40.50, 60 cm with a height (H) of 58 cm.

For the production of FBV, as well as for FBS, concrete of a grade of at least 100 kg / cm2 (B7.5) and frost resistance of 50 cycles (class F50) is used. For reinforcement, steel of classes A-I and A-III is used.

FBP brand blocks

This is a lightweight type of foundation structures with square voids. In width and height, they are completely similar to FBV blocks. They are produced in one length - 238 cm. They are used for the construction of internal walls of basements, as well as foundations for industrial installations.

Produced on the basis of concrete B12.5 (M 150). Frost resistance is 50 freeze-thaw cycles. Reinforcement is performed with steel construction grades - A-I and A-III.

Marking

A characteristic feature of marking all types of foundation blocks is the rounding of overall dimensions to decimeters. Therefore, for example, the designation of a solid block with external dimensions adopted by GOST: length 238 cm, thickness (width) 40 cm, height 58 cm will look like this: FBS 24.4.6t (t - heavy concrete). The minimum weight of this design is 260 kg, and the maximum weight is 2 tons (density 2300 kg/m3).

If the structure is made of lightweight concrete, then after the digital marking put the letter "L" or "P" (on a porous aggregate - expanded clay). The minimum weight is 230 kg, the maximum is 1.47 tons (density 1800 kg/m3).

If, after the digital code, there is the letter “C”, then this means that silicate concrete was used during casting. The minimum weight of such a block is 250 kg, and the maximum (with a length of 2.38 meters and a width of 60 cm) is 1.63 tons. Density - 2000 kg / m3.

All foundation blocks are equipped with 2 loops (lugs) made of steel wire with a diameter of 12 mm. They are necessary for installation and loading and unloading operations.

Advantages of foundation concrete blocks

• Significant reduction in the duration of work . When building a foundation by pouring concrete into the formwork, you have to wait 4 weeks to gain brand strength;
• standardized sizes . They allow you to accurately calculate the required number of blocks;
• No need to purchase expensive consumables (boards or OSB board for formwork, anti-freeze additives and to accelerate the setting of concrete);
• Possibility of selection according to the given characteristics (water resistance, frost resistance, resistance to aggressive liquids);
• Durability (with proper installation and observance of operating conditions, such structures serve more than 100 years).

Estimated prices

Let's take a brief look at the sizes and prices of foundation blocks used in civil engineering.

The cost of the smallest (additional) block of heavy concrete FBS-6-3-6t (length 0.6 m, width 0.3 m) averages 500 rubles per piece.

The same block, but 1.2 meters long (FBS-12-3-6t) will cost from 1,000 rubles. Manufacturers offer full-sized blocks 30 cm thick (length 2.4 m) at a price of 2,100 rubles per piece.

Blocks 40 cm thick and 2.4 meters long (FBS 24-4-6) will cost about 2800 rubles / piece, 1.2 meters long (FBS 12-4-6) about 1400 rubles / piece.

The most popular among buyers are FBS blocks with a width of 60 cm, since it is precisely this thickness of the foundation that is chosen in housing construction.

The price tags for these structures in the Moscow region look like this:

• FBS-6-6-6t - 1,100 rubles / piece;
• FBS-12-6-6t - 2,200 rubles / piece;
• FBS-24-6-6t - 4,100 rubles / piece;

Hollow blocks (FBP) in the price lists of suppliers are much less common. Average prices for these structures are 10-15 percent higher than for solid blocks. This is due to the higher complexity of pouring and reinforcing the form with voids.

You will not find the price of blocks with a cutout (FBV) in the factory catalogs. For their pricing and manufacturing, you will have to contact the concrete goods factory and make an individual order.

Often on the market there are offers for the sale of used blocks. Do not rush to rejoice at their low cost, but rather consult an experienced builder. He will competently assess the nature and extent of defects and give practical advice on the justification of such a purchase.

Features of calculation and installation

As you said, the calculation of the number of blocks is quite simple. To do this, you need to determine the volume of the future foundation and divide it by the volume of one block you have chosen. As a result, you will receive the number of designs required for the order.

You don't have to worry about the height of the building. The strength of the factory block is quite sufficient to build a five-story house on it.

The state of the soil is much more critical for such a design. Here it is necessary to take into account one feature of block bases - low solidity. Unlike a solid strip foundation, a block foundation has vertical and horizontal seams that weaken it. Therefore, before installing the FBS blocks, a monolithic reinforced concrete belt is poured along the bottom of the trench. It takes on a significant part of the heaving forces that occur in freezing wet soil.

If the foundation of the building is high (there is a basement), then experts recommend making an armored belt every two rows of blocks.

The ideal foundation for a block foundation is soils composed of coarse sand with a deep aquifer. Since such conditions are very rare, in all other cases the block grillage needs to be strengthened. In addition to using an armored belt, each row of blocks should not be laid dry, but on a concrete solution M 150 with a thickness of at least 3 cm.

Foundation preparation

For the base under the blocks, it is enough to make a sand bed. It plays the role of a leveling layer and its thickness usually does not exceed 15 cm. If the construction is carried out on dry sandstones, then the blocks can be placed directly on the ground.

For buildings erected on problematic soils, reinforced concrete foundation pads (FL) are placed under the blocks to increase the support area.

Installation of the foundation of concrete blocks

The norms prohibit the installation of a foundation from FBS blocks if the bottom of the trench is covered with snow or flooded with water. The movement of these structures is performed by a crane.

First, blocks are installed at the corners of the foundation and at the junction points of the internal walls. They act as mounting beacons. After checking the coincidence of the upper planes of all lighthouse blocks with a level, a cord is pulled between them and intermediate structures are placed along it. At the points determined by the project, gaps are left between the blocks for the passage of engineering networks.

Before installation, the blocks are cleaned of contaminants and moistened with water. Installation is carried out on a concrete solution with dressing of vertical seams (due to the displacement of rows and the use of additional blocks). Vertical seams are also filled with mortar, compacting it with a bayonet shovel.

Helpful advice: when buying foundation blocks, be sure to check with the seller for a certificate of conformity and ask for a copy for yourself. This document guarantees that the quality of products meets the requirements of the current GOST. It may be needed to substantiate claims and damages.

• Overall characteristics of solid foundation blocks
• Weight and physical structure of FBS blocks
• Brief description of the manufacturing technology of FBS blocks
• Some advantages of using FBS products

The large-scale construction of the last decades with the active use of the most advanced and original technologies and architectural innovations has forced builders to pay very close attention to building materials that provide high quality and accelerated commissioning of buildings.

Solid foundation blocks are building elements made of concrete by reinforcing it with metal bars.

One of the most popular among such building materials are various reinforced concrete products, including FBS blocks, the technical characteristics of which meet the ever-increasing requirements of architects and builders. A more detailed acquaintance with this material and its features will allow even wider use of it in various fields.

FBS blocks, their structure and purpose

FBS block diagram.

Solid foundation blocks (FBS) are structural building reinforced concrete elements that are made of heavy concrete of high grades. Standard blocks, having the shape of an impressive rectangular parallelepiped, are reinforced with metal rods. Thanks to this reinforcement, they are able to withstand huge weight loads.

These building materials can be provided with additional lugs. This is done in order to facilitate the loading and unloading of FBS, as well as for convenient installation of these elements. In their end parts there are special recesses designed to be filled with liquid concrete during installation at the construction site. In this way, the blocks are better fastened to each other.

As the name implies, these blocks are mainly intended for the construction of strong and reliable foundations for various buildings, as they are able to "hold" the highest loads. At the same time, they significantly speed up the entire construction process, making it much cheaper. At the same time, the foundation blocks are almost as good as traditional monolithic foundations in terms of quality.

General technical characteristics of FBS blocks.

However, the range of their application is not limited to foundations alone. Being in demand in construction and installation operations of almost any level of complexity, they are used with no less efficiency in the construction of multi-storey buildings, in the installation of various ceilings and partitions. Excellently proved also and on construction of objects of non-residential and industrial construction. Sometimes they are used for temporary or permanent fencing of various objects, large construction sites.

The general technical characteristics of the FBS look like this:

• concrete strength class for compression - B12.5 (M150);
• block strength - from 100 to 110 kg / cm;
• material density – up to 2400 kg/m3;
• concrete grade for frost resistance - F200;
• concrete grade for water resistance - W2.

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One of the main parameters of FBS blocks is their dimensions. The specified structural units are classified according to a given length, width and height. These values ​​are especially taken into account when choosing these elements. After all, they must perfectly fit a certain structure, fulfilling their main purpose - to evenly distribute the mechanical loads of the entire building falling on its foundation.

FBS block sizes.

It is from the design load of the object on the foundation that it depends on what size blocks must be selected. Moreover, the exact correspondence of their dimensions to the total mass of the structure is extremely important. For example, the use of blocks smaller than the calculated standard size is fraught with the fact that in the future a building built on such a foundation will most likely be very difficult to operate normally and safely.

To date, the main standard sizes of FBS blocks are the following parameters:

• block length - 900 mm, 1200 mm, 2400 mm;
• block width - 300 mm, 400 mm, 500 mm, 600 mm;
• block height - 600 mm (some manufacturers offer corresponding products with a height of 300 mm).

Meanwhile, there may be slight errors in size. In particular, a deviation of the length and height indicators by 20 mm from the above values ​​is allowed.

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Mass of FBS blocks.

Another important factor that characterizes reinforced concrete foundation blocks is the weight of a single structural element. Attention is drawn to the fact that, in contrast to their hollow (FBP) and relief (with a cutout) (FBV) analogues, the blocks considered here have a continuous structure without technological voids.

This factor, among other things, significantly affects transport logistics, in particular, how and how many of these products can fit in one truck so that the car can safely transport them. In general, the weight of a block depends on its brand and ranges from 250 kg to 2 tons on average.

As a raw material for the production of these blocks, expanded clay concrete, silicate and heavy varieties of concrete are used, moreover, in a frost-resistant version.

At the same time, the technology of special drying and steaming of the main components is used, which gives the final product a degree of hardness, frost resistance and compressive strength specified by certain standards.

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In the manufacture of FBS blocks, special installations are used.

In order to produce high-quality foundation blocks, the manufacturer, when mixing cement powder, aggregate and water, must adhere very strictly to the design ratio of these ingredients. For the preparation of the batch, a forced-type concrete mixer is used.

After reaching the homogeneity of the concrete mixture, it is poured into special molds, in which internal vibrators are placed. With the help of these power tools, a thorough compaction of a semi-liquid substance is carried out. After a day, during which the concrete mass hardens, partially finished slabs are removed from the molds.

The next stage in the production of FBS is to give the blocks their initial strength. To do this, a protective film coating is applied to the hardened products, after which they begin to be watered. After 7 days, the building material acquires the so-called tempering strength, which makes it possible to use practically finished products in installation work directly on the construction site. After 28 days from the moment the liquid concrete is poured into the molds, the full 100% strength of the material comes.

It should be noted that block elements for building foundations, especially if they were reinforced with metal reinforcement, must be reliably protected from the damaging effects of ground and atmospheric waters. To this end, they are, in particular, covered with a waterproofing layer composed of composite mixtures based on bitumen and special water repellents.

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Scheme of the use of FBS blocks in the construction of the foundation.

The use of solid foundation blocks in modern construction and installation technologies has a number of advantages compared to the traditional technology of pouring concrete foundations. Among the most significant and unconditional advantages are the following:

• high degree of strength and reliability of the material from which FBS are made;
• their increased resistance to moisture;
• enhanced frost resistance;
• reduced degree of thermal conductivity;
• the possibility of quick installation (assembly of the basic structure) on a prepared construction site;
• guarantee of long-term operation of the FBS foundation (from 60 to 160 years);
• significant economic benefit due to the use of solid foundation blocks.

In general, the assembly reinforced concrete products considered here have proven themselves in construction from the best side. However, despite the excellent "track record", in the process of preliminary selection of solid foundation blocks, it is still strongly recommended to request quality certificates from the seller and compare their technical parameters recorded in the accompanying documentation with generally accepted standards.

http://youtu.be/BSRTMWm4tjw

In this case, the consumer will be able to guarantee himself against the purchase of low-quality material that does not correspond to the given construction project. In the absence of a certificate of quality and technical characteristics, it is better to immediately refuse such building material.

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FBS blocks for the foundation: dimensions, marking according to GOST, installation nuances

Any construction begins with the preparation of the foundation. Only a reliable foundation guarantees the strength and durability of the structure being erected. The use of FBS blocks is one of the most reliable and time-tested solutions both in the field of private and multi-storey construction.

The abbreviation stands for foundation wall block. Such products allow you to quickly build a strip foundation for the supporting part of buildings and structures. The key advantage of PBS is that these are finished products, so there is no need to wait 28 days for concrete to reach maximum strength.

Scope of application

Immediately after laying the foundation, you can start building walls, which significantly reduces construction time.

Foundation wall blocks are used at the initial stages of construction. In particular, products of this group are used in such cases:

Laying composite strip foundations for private and multi-storey buildings.

• Ground floors.

  Technical buildings.

  Unheated industrial facilities.

FBS is also used for the construction of wall structures, but hollow modules are used here, the weight of which is much lower than the foundation ones (see the variety section below).

Marking blocks for the foundation

FBS blocks are produced in accordance with GOST standards, therefore they have symbols indicating the dimensions and technical characteristics of the products. For marking, numerical and alphabetic designations are used.

F - reinforced concrete and concrete from heavy concrete under the columns (the so-called glass type);

FL - reinforced concrete made of heavy concrete for strip foundations;

FBS - concrete solid unreinforced for the construction of basement walls, technical undergrounds and foundations;

BF - reinforced concrete tape made of heavy concrete for the construction of external and internal walls of buildings of industrial and agricultural enterprises;

FR - reinforced concrete made of heavy concrete for three-hinged frames;

FBP - foundation concrete hollow.

FBS - foundation wall block.

12 - product length. In our case: 1 180 mm.

6 - block width corresponding to 600 mm.

3 - block height, 280 mm.

T - grades of heavy concrete were used for the manufacture.

The last point is variable, it changes depending on the type of raw material. In particular, the marking "P" and "C" for expanded clay and silicate concrete, respectively, can be used.

It should be clarified that in the legend the block sizes are indicated in decimeters and rounded for ease of perception.

To find out the exact length and height, you need to subtract 2 centimeters from the indicated marking. This value is assigned to the thickness of the mortar joint between the individual blocks.

Varieties of reinforced concrete products

According to the current GOST standards, number 13579-78, blocks for the construction of basements and wall structures are divided into three categories. It looks like this:

FBS - monolithic products that are made from branded concrete. Compared with other types of blocks, they have high technical characteristics and strength. The production technology does not imply the reinforcement of products, with the exception of the installation of mounting loops.

FBV - monolithic products, with a provided longitudinal cutout, designed for laying engineering communications. They are manufactured according to the standard technology of FBS blocks.

FBP - lightweight blocks with a hollow structure. Products can be produced in various lengths and widths, but according to GOST, a single length value is provided - 2,380 mm.

Knowing these features, you can choose blocks for any type of construction.

Concrete grades for the manufacture of FBS

Given that the main area of ​​application of concrete blocks is a strip foundation, where resistance to dynamic compression plays a key role, it is not customary to make FBS from high-strength concrete. In particular, manufacturers use the following classes:

For FBS - M 200, which corresponds to the strength class B15.

For expanded clay blocks - M 50, which corresponds to strength class B3.5.

For silicate blocks - M 150, which corresponds to the strength class B12.5.

These requirements are specified in the GOST standards under the number 13579-78.

Advantages and disadvantages

The undeniable advantages of FBS blocks can be expressed as follows:

All products are manufactured in accordance with GOST standards, respectively, regardless of the manufacturer, they have standard sizes.

FBS production implies strict control of the technological process, which ensures high strength and reliability of products.

Ease of installation and high speed of construction: you can lay the foundation and build walls from blocks in just 2-3 days.

Simplicity. Installation of block structures does not require special skills and knowledge in the field of construction.

Wide size range. This feature allows you to build structures with any level of geometric complexity.

The blocks are not demanding on operating conditions, so they feel great in any environment. In the manufacture, special additives are used that allow the use of blocks on wet soils.

The disadvantages include the following points:

During installation, it is necessary to use construction equipment, which increases the cost of work.

It is necessary to lay a layer of waterproofing between the joints.

Concrete does not hold heat, so additional insulation will be required.

A monolithic foundation is much stronger than composite structures.

Dimensions according to GOST

For FBS, several standard sizes are provided, which are necessarily observed by all manufacturers. Therefore, the following standard parameters can be distinguished:

Length - 880/1 180/2 380 mm.

Height - 280/580 mm.

Width - 300/400/500/600 mm.

These dimensions are typical for all serial blocks, regardless of the material used.

Weight of building blocks

The mass of concrete blocks largely depends on the class of concrete and the dimensions of the product. Let's take the standard length as a basis, and derive the weight of the product. It looks like this:

Length 2 380 mm - block weight varies between 0.97-1.96 tons.

Length 1 180 mm - block weight varies between 0.31-0.96 tons.

Length 880 mm - block weight varies between 0.35-0.7 tons.

The difference in values ​​is due to the width of the product.

Mounting Features

As already mentioned, the construction of composite structures from FBS blocks does not require special skills and knowledge. Consequently, any person, even in principle not familiar with the technology of building residential and utility rooms, will cope with the performance of the work. Here it is enough to follow a certain procedure, which can be divided into three stages. Let's consider each in more detail.

calculation

To find out how many blocks will be required to build the foundation, it is necessary to calculate the amount of planned work. To do this, multiply the length, width and height of the future foundation.

The volume of one block is calculated according to a similar scheme. Then the volume of the foundation is divided by the volume of one block. The final figure will display the desired number of blocks. If construction involves a complex geometric structure with different foundation thicknesses, calculations are made separately for each section.

Foundation preparation

Blocks are usually laid out on a sandy base, which is pre-leveled and compacted. The thickness of such a pillow should vary between 5-10 centimeters. Length and width: about 30 centimeters more than the planned building.

Then, the foundation is broken down along the axes, using construction plumb lines or laser pointers for this. Starting points are marked with metal pins that will serve as guides.

Block stacking

FBS is laid with a crane, first installing beacon blocks, which will be located at corners, lintels and intersections. Proper installation of beacons guarantees the exact geometry of the entire foundation. Then the remaining blocks of the first row are stacked.

The accuracy of installation is usually checked with a level, correcting structural elements with a crowbar. Then the blocks are raised in height, applying the principle of brickwork. Cement mortar is laid between the rows, the height of the foundation can be 5 blocks.

It should be noted that the installation of FBS is not permissible on soil covered with snow or water.

Some subtleties of choice

When choosing FBS blocks, several technical nuances must be taken into account, on which the type of product will depend. In particular, blocks are selected based on the following conditions:

Stability and type of soil.

The thickness of the erected walls and interfloor ceilings.

The total mass of the building.

foundation requirements.

The total area of ​​the base.

For example, buildings on unstable ground will require wider blocks. In addition, the depth of the FBS is not always identical to the thickness of the masonry. In particular, the block can protrude 10 centimeters on one side or 6 if a double-sided protrusion is provided. It is important to understand that for optimal shrinkage and a strong bond of seams, it is recommended to use blocks of different sizes.

Reliable manufacturers

Concrete wall blocks are included in the product range of almost any concrete plant. However, in most cases, such products are poured without observing the technological process. Concrete of various grades is used as a raw material, which is sometimes returned from construction sites. Therefore, when choosing products, you need to give preference to companies that specialize in the manufacture of FBS.

Among the proven manufacturers are the following enterprises:

LLC TK "Vira" The company is located in St. Petersburg, specializes in the production of finished concrete products. The assortment includes more than 400 items, including FBS.

OOO "Master" Dynamically developing production, which is located in the city of Voskresensk. At present, the company offers about 370 items of products, including wall foundation blocks.

JSC "Plant of industrial construction details". One of the largest enterprises in Russia, which is located in Surgut. The company has been operating in the construction industry for over 45 years, producing finished concrete products.

LLC "Aleksinsky Expanded Clay Plant" The enterprise is located in the Tula region, the city of Aleksin. The plant has been operating since 1985, offering customers not only expanded clay, but also wall foundation blocks.

LLC "Zlatoust Plant" The company is located in the city of Zlatoust, offers customers a wide range of road slabs, piles, FBS, panels, stairs, lintels.

Choosing the products of these manufacturers, you can be sure that the products undergo multi-stage quality control and comply with the requirements of GOST.

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GOST on FBS

The durability of the building is determined by the quality of the foundation. This rule is fundamental in the construction of buildings for any purpose. Many modern bases are prefabricated. To create them, FBS blocks are usually chosen. Such products make it possible to reduce the cost of building a house, and are also easy to install. When choosing FBS foundation blocks, it should be borne in mind that the foundation must not only withstand the weight load of the structure, but also distribute it on the ground as evenly as possible.

FBS features

In the manufacture of such products, the requirements of GOST 13579-78 are met. If you do not comply with them, the destruction of the structure in the future is possible. FBS have a parallelepid shape. They are made from heavy concrete. It must withstand a load of at least 1800 kg per 1 cubic meter. Such material is made without voids. The concrete used for the blocks must have a strength greater than B 7.5.

The manufacturing quality of the FBS affects the characteristics of the future masonry. For example, if the geometry of the products is inaccurate, the thickness of the joints will have to be increased, which will negatively affect the waterproofing of the masonry. According to the regulations, the allowable distance between the surfaces of the blocks should be within 2-5 mm. If the surface of the product is dense and even, it will not crack under load and will not collapse when used in a humid environment. To obtain high-quality blocks, the concrete blank is processed on vibrating tables.

There are several types of foundation blocks. Their main difference is in size. According to GOST, such products are made in lengths from 880 to 2380 mm. The width of such blocks is usually 280 or 580 mm. The first option is not popular. This is due to the fact that such products have a low bearing load.

Block sizes are in decimeters. They are rounded up. For example, if the block is designated 24.4.6, then its dimensions are 2380x400x580 mm. Products are also marked by properties. Solid products are designated by the letter "C". This product is the largest in the range available. The largest mass of a concrete product of this kind is 1.96 tons.

In addition, it is important to consider that even the smallest blocks have a mass of 260 kg. This requires the use of special equipment to work with such blocks.

Some manufacturers can find lighter concrete marked "T" (heavy). They are made from expanded clay concrete.

Block sizes

The dimensions of the foundation blocks are important. They are taken into account together with the strength class and type of concrete used. These features affect:

the strength of the building that is being built on such a foundation;

• construction assembly technology;
• time of work execution;
• block cost.

The choice of sizes of individual elements is carried out depending on several indicators:

• strength characteristics, degree of stability and soil type;
• the thickness of the walls of the building;
• total base area;
• weight of the building;
• selected type of masonry;
• structural strength of the base.

When arranging walls, it is important to know the standard characteristics. It is better if about 4-5 elements go to one wall. For example, for a structure with a length of 10 m, it is better to use 4 structures of 24 dm each than 8 of 12 dm.

When choosing the dimensions of the blocks used, one should take into account the type of soil on which the building is built. The greater the instability of the soil, the larger the FBS should be. For loam and clay soils, products with a length of 24 dm are usually chosen. For sandy soils, smaller products are used.

On one side, the wall can protrude by 10 cm. With a two-sided protrusion, 6 cm should be released on each side. For this, different blocks are usually used. Thanks to this, an excellent dressing of each seam and a fairly dense styling are obtained. Foundation blocks, which are made in accordance with GOST, due to high geometric parameters, with precise laying, can eliminate the curvature of the base. They are a good guide for laying walls.

Small FBS

According to the standards of different industries, blocks having a length of 40 and 60 cm are used to create structures of small dimensions. Many manufacturers sell blocks made of heavy concrete, which differ in size 40x20x20 cm. They are mainly used for wooden houses and buildings made of foam blocks. Such foundation elements are characterized by low weight and high strength.

Some products can be called non-standard. Due to some of their characteristics, they are becoming more and more popular. Such products are quite versatile:

• they are used to create the walls of cellars and cellars;
• non-standard models are used in the construction of columnar foundations for cottages and summer cottages;
• when combined with cast strip structures, they can be used as the main element.

Such products are made of heavy concrete. This ensures excellent strength of the foundation elements.

Weight of products

In GOST, which regulates the characteristics of FBS blocks, not only the dimensions and strength of products are normalized. Special documentation provides for accounting for the mass of products. Needed for quality control. This is due to the fact that it is not possible to evaluate the density of the material under construction conditions.

The mass of blocks is also needed for the optimal selection of loading equipment. In addition, the choice of means of transporting building materials depends on this indicator. FBS is usually transported using 10 or 20-tonners.

The strength and durability of the foundation depends on many parameters, including the correct calculation of the number and dimensions of individual elements of prefabricated structures. One of the most popular foundation options is the creation of a foundation from concrete products.

For such structures, it is not necessary to construct formwork, and the high strength of the products is guaranteed by the technological features of their manufacture. Concrete in the process of creation is steamed and vibrated.

During the construction of foundations on soft soils, foundation blocks are installed on special pillows. Such products are plates in the form of a prism, which can significantly reduce the load on the soil.

In addition to building foundations for houses, such products are used in the construction of flyovers, ramps and fences. GOST, which regulates the conditions for the manufacture of blocks, was adopted back in 1978.

Types of foundation structures

FBS are the most sought after. It is used for installation under both external and internal walls. There are several basic types of blocks:

• With a length of 238 mm, the blocks have a thickness of 300-600 mm. All blocks have the same height, which is 58 cm.
• structures with a length of 118 mm. Such blocks have a height of 580 and 280 mm.
• Additional. Their length is 0.88 m. They have a thickness of 30 to 60 cm. Their height is standard - 580 mm.

Standard products have a density of 2400 kg/cu.m.

FBV

These items are only made to order. For this reason, they are quite rare at construction sites. The main feature that distinguishes them from FBS is a longitudinal cutout, which is used for engineering communications. Such designs are quite short - 88 cm. They can have a width of 40 to 60 cm in increments of 10 cm. The height of the products is 58 cm.

In the manufacture of FBV, as well as FBS, concrete grades above 100 kg / sq. see. The material must have a frost resistance of 50 cycles. When reinforcing, steel of several classes is used.

Advantages of foundation elements

There are several main advantages of foundation products that explain the popularity of their use:

• Reducing the time spent on the installation of the foundation. During the construction of the base using blocks, it will not be necessary to pour concrete mortar into the formwork, and also wait for the material to gain strength.
• Standard dimensions. Due to the fact that the foundation blocks are made in certain sizes, it is possible to calculate how many elements will be needed to build the foundation.
• There is no need to purchase expensive consumables.
• The material can be selected according to the technical data.
• Long service life. If you carry out the correct installation of the blocks and observe the operating conditions of the products, such structures will last at least 100 years.

Such advantages ensure the reliability and durability of foundation blocks.

Estimated cost

Foundation structures are quite often used for the construction of civil facilities. The smallest of them (FBS-6.3.6) costs 500 rubles for 1 element. These elements are optional.

The same products, having a length of 1.2 m, are sold on the construction market at a price of 1,000 rubles. Full-size products with a thickness of 30 cm and a length of 2.4 m are sold for 2100 rubles.

The most popular among consumers are FBS blocks, having a width of 60 cm. It is this foundation thickness that is chosen for the construction of residential buildings.

Products with voids are sold less actively. Such structures usually differ in price by 15% higher than full-bodied structures. This can be explained by the greater complexity of pouring such products.

Blocks with a cutout are not presented in the factory catalogs. To get such a product, you will have to make an individual order.

Quite often there are ads for the sale of used blocks. However, don't be fooled by their low cost. It is better to consult with an experienced specialist. The master will be able to correctly assess the condition of such blocks and give advice on their acquisition.

Calculation and installation

Calculations of the number of necessary elements for the foundation are quite simple. To do this, you need to determine the total volume of the foundation and the volume of one element. In the process of calculations, you can get the right amount of building products of given parameters.

You should not think about the number of floors of the building. The factory block has enough strength to build a house of 5 floors on it. More critical for such a design is the condition of the soil. It is necessary to take into account such a property of block structures as low solidity. Block bases are made with many seams, which affects its strength characteristics.

Before installing FBS blocks, a reinforcement belt is mounted on the bottom of the prepared trench. It accounts for a large proportion of the load from the soil during winter heaving. When creating a high base, professionals advise to perform a reinforced belt every 2 rows of blocks.

The best for a foundation of blocks is such a base, which is a soil of coarse sand. The aquifer in this case should lie quite deep. Since such conditions are practically not met, in such cases the block grillage should be strengthened.

Foundation preparation

To create a quality foundation, you will need to add sand. This layer will act as a leveling substrate. It usually has a thickness of 15 cm. For houses that are built on problematic soils, reinforced concrete pillows are installed under the blocks to increase the footprint.

Foundation laying

According to certain standards, the installation of a base from FBS blocks is prohibited if there is a layer of snow or water at the bottom of the trench. Blocks should only be moved using underground equipment.

First you need to install blocks in the corners of the future foundation. They are mounted in places where internal walls adjoin the base. After checking them for level, pull a cord between these elements and install intermediate elements along it.

Before installation, all elements must be thoroughly cleaned. Compaction of concrete for joints is carried out with a shovel.

Conclusion

Given these characteristics of the foundation blocks, you can safely choose them as a material for creating a quality foundation. Such products are used for residential and industrial buildings.

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FBS foundation blocks

This seemingly harsh and bulky material, hiding behind the abbreviation FBS (wall foundation block), is, in the literal sense, the cornerstone in the construction of buildings, industrial and residential premises. In suburban construction, it is also widely used, unless the owner himself decided to cast the foundation on his own, using formwork.

Foundation blocks are prefabricated concrete elements. The rapid growth of production required the acceleration of the construction of factories and residential buildings. The technology of using blocks for laying foundations and reinforced concrete slabs for quickly erecting walls has justified itself.

Properties

This is a fairly strong and durable building material that is resistant to environmental influences. The strength of the FBS blocks is of particular importance, because. they lay in the foundation of the house - its foundation. Accordingly, there should be no errors and the calculation of the load (voltage) should be exclusively correct, because the defective block can lead to the collapse of the entire building.

There are several technologies for the preparation of concrete-filler using:

• silicate or expanded clay concrete (density from 1800kg/m3);
• lightweight high-strength concrete B 100;
• heavy high-strength M-100. M 50 - 200 are also acceptable.

In addition to concrete, plasticizers and reinforcement made of A1, A111 steel are used. The materials used improve the frost-resistant qualities and reduce the effects of compression and pressure. At the output, the FBS block must comply with the declared qualities reflected in GOST (13015-2003, 19804-91, GOST 13579-78, GOST 219240-88).

Brand, dimensions and weight of foundation blocks

Traditionally, the blocks are rectangular in shape, but today you can order the shape that the design engineer of your house conceived in his project. The most successful form has a height of 0.6 meters and a length of 0.9 to 2.4 meters. Blocks of such dimensions are the most popular today.

With dimensions it is clear, but what is a brand? Foundation blocks are marked with a code abbreviation, in which the type of block and size are “sewn up”.

Brand examples:

• FBS 12-4-6. It means that this is a solid foundation block. Length 1.2 m, width 0.4 m and height 0.6 m;
• FBV 24-6-6. The block is solid with a cutout measuring 2.4 by 0.6 by 0.6 m;
• FBP 9-3-6. The block is hollow (with voids from the bottom). Size 0.9 by 0.3 by 0.6 m;

Table 1 shows the dimensions of the blocks and their weight depending on the brand.

The cost of FBS blocks

Not every country builder can afford to buy FBS foundation blocks, but they are used everywhere in housing construction. I will give a table of actual prices for blocks for 2012.

Application in summer cottage construction

When starting to lay the foundation, it is necessary to study the composition of the soil on your site or invite professionals who will make an accurate conclusion at what depth to install FBS reinforced concrete blocks. This material, of course, is produced taking into account any type of soil: weakly bearing, horizontally moving soil, but you need to clearly know all the measurements. For example:

• FBS is laid in sandy soil to a depth of 0.4-0.7 m. The sand is carefully compacted and forms a so-called pillow;
• soil with a high content of crushed stone, gravel, small stones requires laying at 0.5 m or more;
• clayey, loamy - this is a separate song. It is necessary to calculate the depth of freezing due to the fact that clay reacts in a special way to frost. She puffs up.
• soil is the worst option.

Now you can often find wooden houses from a log house on reinforced concrete foundations in garden partnerships. Active summer residents buy such huts for next to nothing or simply find them abandoned by their former owners in the villages. Houses are dismantled and transported to their site. It remains to buy blocks, install them, and then fold the entire structure along the logs. A good option for an enterprising owner.

Depending on the project of the house, it is possible to make basement walls from foundation blocks over the entire area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe pit.

All this can be done using blocks for prefabricated structures of strip-type foundations. This type is ideal for solid walls. If you are going to build a mansion with columns, then you cannot do without a glass-type prefabricated foundation.

Flaws?

Some are dissatisfied with the lack of tightness of the seams at the joints between the blocks and refuse FBS in favor of self-leveling foundations. While knowledgeable builders use waterproofing seals and are quite satisfied.

For the installation of foundation blocks, you will need a crane, an assistant and information that I tried to cover in detail.

Foundation building blocks, or more simply FBS, are the most common type of reinforced concrete products in our time. Ready-made blocks are easier and cheaper to lay in houses than to fill with solid concrete and wait until it hardens. The FBS block is used for the construction of basement walls and.

The task of FBS blocks is to withstand huge loads, holding the weight of the entire building. When choosing foundation blocks, one should take into account their ability to, water resistance and frost resistance.

According to GOST 13579-78, foundation blocks are divided into three types - FBS, FBV and FBP. They are made from silicate, or from heavy.

Brand FBP- hollow foundation block. They have one standard length of 2.4 m, but they may differ in height and width. Lightweight blocks are made leaving vertically closed or horizontal voids.

In addition to GOST, there are several more markings. For reference, here is a short list of zero cycle element designs:

Now let's try to figure out which concrete is most often used. - these are, first of all, building structures that work mainly in compression (with the exception of foundation pillows). Therefore, there is practically no need to use high. Let's turn to GOST 13579-78: the maximum compressive strength class will be B15 or concrete marked M-200. The minimum class for expanded clay products or heavy concrete is B3.5 or marking M-50. And the minimum class for products made of silicate concrete is B12.5 or grade M-150.

In most cases, weighted cement concrete B7.5 is selected for the foundation for blocks of the FBV and FBS types. For weaker FBPs, a much stronger material of the B12.5 type is needed.

Blocks made of heavy with reinforcement are called foundation pillows, abbreviated as FL. They are used in the construction of strip foundations for residential high-rise buildings. Due to the high load that FL blocks can withstand, they are subject to high requirements for dimensional accuracy and material quality during manufacture. Reinforced concrete foundation blocks are able to withstand seismic activity of 9 points, have high resistance to temperature fluctuations and corrosion.

The size of the foundation blocks FL is determined by GOST 13580-85.

Table of sizes of FBS blocks

FBS foundation blocks: how to correctly determine the required dimensions and calculate the required number of products for the quick and error-free construction of a reliable prefabricated foundation for your home

A good home always starts with a solid foundation, and this axiom underlies the design and construction of strong and durable buildings.

In modern construction, prefabricated and combined bases are becoming more and more popular, which significantly reduces the cost of the “zero” cycle of building a house without loss of strength. For this, FBS blocks are used, the dimensions and strength of which allow you to select all the elements in full accordance with the design parameters.

In order for the choice of foundation blocks to be correct, it must be borne in mind that the foundation must not only support the weight of the building, but also evenly distribute it over the ground.

Technical properties and features of FBS blocks

The manufacturer must ensure the exact compliance of the strength and geometric characteristics of the blocks with the requirements of GOST 13579-78, because any deviation can subsequently lead to the rapid destruction of the building. FBS foundation blocks are a parallelepiped of heavy, expanded clay or silicate concrete with a density of at least 1800 kg / m³ without voids, with technological underforming for vertical reinforcement of the masonry with mortar. The concrete strength class is provided not lower than B 7.5.

The manufacturing technology provides for concrete compaction on vibrating tables, and special flasks provide specified dimensions and a dense, smooth surface. Products with violation of the geometry in the future will not allow to build even masonry, and the thickness of the seams will be more than the standard values ​​​​(2-5 mm), which can disrupt the entire structure. A high-quality, dense surface serves as a guarantee against premature cracking and destruction, even in a humid environment.

GOST for FBS blocks regulates the manufacture of products with a length of 2380, 1180 and 880 mm. At the same time, the width varies from 300 to 600 mm with an interval of 100 mm, the height can be 280 and 580 mm. Products with a height of 280 mm are practically not used in modern foundation construction due to the low bearing load at almost the same price, so many manufacturers do not include them in their range.

Overall dimensions in decimeters are included in the marking rounded up to a larger value. For example, the FBS 24.4.6 block has actual dimensions of 2380x400x580 mm. The letter "C" in the block type designation means that the structure is solid. This is the largest product in the proposed assortment, which allows to speed up the construction of the foundation as much as possible, but also has a maximum weight when manufactured from heavy grades of concrete (M 100, M 200) - 1.96 tons.

It is also necessary to take into account that the weight of FBS blocks, even the smallest ones, reaches 260 kg, which requires the use of heavy special equipment when working with them.

Some manufacturers offer these types of products with a lower mass, despite the marking of heavy concrete "T". In this case, they are made either from expanded clay concrete and must be marked with the letter “P”, or from silicate “C”, or they were not sufficiently compacted during the production process and may have voids and pores. Therefore, when buying, specify the brand and weight of the FBS foundation blocks and make sure that there is a document confirming the quality.

Large-sized FBS blocks are used, in addition to strip prefabricated foundations, for the construction of basements and unheated technical structures.

The choice of sizes of foundation blocks

Dimensions of products, along with and its class in terms of compressive strength, determine:

• structural strength,
• technological process of assembling elements,
• the timing of the work of the "zero" cycle,
• block price.

The sizes of FBS blocks are selected depending on:

• soil type, its strength and stability,
• thickness of walls and ceilings,
• the weight of the building, determined by its dimensions and building materials,
• the required structural strength of the foundation,
• masonry type,
• foundation area.

When selecting sizes and calculating the number of blocks, 4-5 pieces per wall length are considered optimal. For example, for a standard 10 meter wall of a house, 4 blocks of 24 dm are preferable to 8 pieces of 12 dm.

The more unstable the soil, the larger the dimensions of the bearing elements. For example, for the construction of a foundation on clay and loamy soils, which themselves exert pressure on the structure, large blocks FBS 24.6.6 should be used. And for sandy dry soils for laying to a depth of 60 - 70 cm, medium ones are suitable - FBS 12.6.6-t. The same direct dependence of dimensions and with the calculated load on the base.

It is a mistake to assume that the width of the blocks is always equal to the thickness of the walls. It is allowed to protrude the wall on one side up to 10 cm, and if the protrusion is two-sided, then up to 6 cm on each side. Usually blocks of different sizes are used for the most dense laying and optimal dressing of seams. Foundation blocks made in accordance with GOST 13579-78, due to their high dimensional accuracy and straightness, when properly laid, are able to minimize the curvature of the combined foundation and serve as an excellent guideline for subsequent wall laying.

Small blocks FBS

According to industry standards, products with a length of 400 and 600 mm for oversized structures are produced. Even blocks of heavy concrete are offered according to specifications with dimensions of 400x200x200 mm for low-rise light houses made of wood and foam blocks. They optimally combine high strength and low weight (average 31 kg). Such products are indispensable in the absence of special equipment, for independent laying of the base on sandy soils.

The non-standard ones include the foundation blocks FBS 6.6.6, which are gaining more and more popularity due to the versatility of application for:

• erection of walls of cellars and cellars,
• bases, including columnar type, for country houses and small cottages,
• in combination with cast strip foundations and as a basic element.

They are made of heavy grades of concrete, which provides high strength and allows you to build walls of any height from them.

Why do you need to know the mass of blocks for the foundation

GOST for FBS blocks, in addition to overall dimensions and strength characteristics, provides for mass rationing (in reference format). This is necessary for express quality control, because the normative value of concrete density cannot be determined in the conditions of a construction site.

The parameter will also be required for the correct choice of special equipment for laying blocks, loading and unloading operations, as well as for transporting materials. FBS blocks, the weight and dimensions of which determine the rate of loading products into a car, are transported by 10 and 20 ton cars. Having such information at your disposal, you can minimize your costs for transporting such bulky and heavy products. In addition, many companies charge a considerable amount for downtime of equipment in case of unforeseen situations.

Having stopped your choice on a prefabricated foundation, it is necessary to take a responsible approach to the choice of its structural elements. After all, the quality of FBS blocks, the correct calculation of their number and size will determine the reliability of the house and its service life.