Waterproofing between the foundation and walls item snip. Normative requirements for foundation waterproofing. Regulatory and methodological documents

Foundation waterproofing work must be carried out in strict accordance with the norms prescribed in state standards, as well as with building codes and regulations (SNiP).

In the SNiP documents, you can find information about the scope of various waterproofing materials. It also contains the main parameters of each material, its characteristics, mandatory requirements for the manufacturing process, storage and operation methods.

Basic requirements of SNiP for foundation waterproofing

Before carrying out waterproofing work, all surfaces must be well primed and not have gaps. The corners must be glued with waterproofing strips, which have a width of at least 200 mm.

According to the rules of SNiP, before waterproofing the foundation, it is necessary to carry out mandatory preparatory work. These include surface preparation in the form of repairing cracks, rounding and beveling corners, removing rust, drying the surface and cleaning it from dust and dirt. These preparatory requirements in expanded form can be found in.

The moisture content of concrete at the time of foundation waterproofing should be no more than 4%. Only after the primer has completely dried is it allowed to carry out paint waterproofing. It must be applied in 2, and preferably in 4 layers. The thickness of the layers should not be less than 3 mm and more than 6 mm. Adjacent strips must overlap, that is, and each layer is applied only after the previous one has completely dried.

To connect the paint and gluing waterproofing, the process of gluing all layers with the application of an intermediate paint layer is used. Horizontally, pairing occurs according to the thermos method. This means that the waterproofing must be covered with a screed.

Rules for waterproofing, depending on the type of water

Gluing waterproofing from wastewater and other liquids, according to established rules and norms, must be carried out from brizol, hydrostekloizol or hydroizol. You can also use PVC film, polyisobutylene or fiberglass ( and ).

From the capillary rise of groundwater, the rule recommends waterproofing from black crushed stone (impregnation with bitumen) or pouring from asphalt concrete (section 7).

Basic requirements of SNiP for polymeric waterproofing materials

Increasingly, polymeric materials are used for waterproofing. They owe their popularity to their performance properties. You can view the SNiP rules for waterproofing foundations with these materials in, it is also important to comply with the requirements described in.

In particular, special attention should be paid to the fact that it is possible to work with these materials only at positive air temperatures. But waterproofing in very hot weather is strictly prohibited, as well as in rain or strong winds.

When waterproofing the foundation, all structural calculations should be carried out taking into account the loads and impacts that are detailed in building codes and regulations (SNiP). Constructions only taking into account all requirements can be durable and reliable.

Many do not check and do not calculate the foundation on the basis of SNiP. This leads to a deterioration in the further performance of the entire building built on the foundation, as well as to a decrease in the strength of the house.

METHODOLOGICAL DOCUMENTATION IN CONSTRUCTION

WATERPROOFING WORKS

MDS 12-34.2007

Moscow 2007

The methodological document contains information about various types of waterproofing, about the norms, rules, techniques and quality of waterproofing works.

Developed by employees of the "Central Research and Design and Experimental Institute of Organization, Mechanization and Technical Assistance to Construction" (TsNIIOMTP) (Candidate of Technical Sciences V.P. Volodin, Yu.A. Korytov).

The methodological document is intended for construction organizations and construction specialists involved in waterproofing works.

INTRODUCTION

Waterproofing works are performed to protect the underground and ground parts of buildings and structures from water penetration, as well as to prevent leaks from tanks.

Provides protection from the effects of water with hydrostatic backwater, without backwater, with capillary suction and, accordingly, anti-pressure, non-pressure and anti-capillary waterproofing.

Under conditions of high humidity, wooden structures are destroyed by decay within 2-3 years, steel structures lose strength due to corrosion after 10-12 years, stone, concrete and reinforced concrete structures are destroyed after 40-50 years of operation.

Waterproofing ensures the normal operation of buildings, structures and equipment, increases their reliability and durability.

In practice, waterproofing is identified by one of the main distinguishing features: by the material used or by the device method. In this regard, the following types of waterproofing are distinguished: from rolled materials, from mastics and paints, from solutions, mixtures and hydrophobic powders, from metal and polymer sheets, injection and impregnation.

This document has been developed in accordance with the system of regulatory documents in construction, and after being approved by the management of the enterprise as a standard of the organization, it is a regulatory document.

The standard of the organization for the installation of waterproofing is necessary not only for the production of works, but will also be required when licensing a construction organization (firm) to perform this type of work, when certifying the quality management system, and when certifying the quality of waterproofing.

In developing this document, the provisions SNiP 3.04.01-87"Insulating and finishing coatings", European standards, modern achievements of science and technology, domestic and foreign experience in waterproofing.

The document contains building codes that ensure the quality of waterproofing at the level of modern requirements. At the same time, the provisions of the document are drawn up in such a way that they allow enterprises (subject to standard requirements) to choose production methods and waterproofing materials that are optimal for a particular organization.

The choice of the method of performing waterproofing works and materials is made at the stage of development of the terms of reference and the project for the production of works (technological maps), agreed with the customer and approved in the prescribed manner.

1 AREA OF USE

These recommendations apply to waterproofing works in residential, public and industrial buildings. The provisions of the document can be used in the certification of waterproofing coatings and devices and the licensing of organizations performing waterproofing work.

2 REGULATORY AND METHODOLOGICAL DOCUMENTS

IN This IBC uses references to the following documents:

SNiP 3.02.01-87 Earthworks, foundations and foundations

SNiP 3.04.01-87 Insulating and finishing coatings

VSN 35-95 Instructions on the technology of using polymeric filter membranes to protect the underground parts of buildings and structures from flooding by groundwater

MDS 12-29.2006 Guidelines for the development and execution of a technological map

MDS 12-30.2006 Methodological recommendations on the norms, rules and methods of finishing work

MDS 12-81.2007 Guidelines for the development and execution of a project for the organization of construction and a project for the production of works

MDS 31-11.2007 Floor arrangement

3 GENERAL

3.1 Waterproofing works are carried out, as a rule, according to the project for the production of works or according to technological maps. Recommendations for drawing up a project for the production of works and technological maps are given, respectively, in MDS 12-81.2007 And MDS 12-29.2006.

3.2 Waterproofing work includes preparatory, basic work and work to protect the waterproofing from damage.

The preparatory work includes: dewatering, preparation of materials, arrangement of bases (screeds, plasters of vertical surfaces), preparation of insulated surfaces (leveling, cleaning, drying, priming).

3.3 Dewatering is performed to protect the insulated surfaces from the effects of water during the waterproofing process.

The groundwater level must be lowered by at least 0.5 m from the lower marks of the waterproofing.

3.4 The preparation of materials consists, for example, in cleaning rolled materials from sprinkling and rewinding them to the reverse side, in bringing primers and adhesives to working condition by mixing with water or solvent to the desired consistency.

The quality of materials, compositions and products used for waterproofing (water impermeability, water resistance, mechanical strength, plasticity and elasticity, chemical resistance, durability, etc.) must comply with certificates, specifications, standards and be checked before starting work.

Materials and compositions, which, in accordance with the requirements of the mentioned documents, should be prepared in the factory, are not recommended to be manufactured under other conditions.

3.5 The base for waterproofing should be flat, without sinks and potholes. The grouting of the surfaces of prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs should be partial, up to 10 mm thick. At an ambient temperature below plus 5 ° C, screeds from cement-sand mortars must be of grade not lower than M 100 and contain antifreeze additives (sodium nitrite, potash, etc.) in an amount of up to 10% of the mass of cement, depending on the air temperature at styling. These solutions are prepared immediately before laying.

3.6 When preparing surfaces for waterproofing, concrete sagging, reinforcement ends, sharp corners and chamfers are cut down and cleaned; sinks, recesses and other irregularities are sealed, concrete surfaces are notched.

3.7 The device of all types of waterproofing coatings that have adhesion to the base is made after the base is primed.

Primers are applied on an even and clean (dust-free) base, as a rule, with a sprayer in a continuous uniform layer:

on the hardened dry surface of the base - until completely absorbed (with a consumption of 400 to 500 g / m 2 for a cement-sand screed or concrete);

on the surface of freshly laid cement-sand mortar or concrete mixture (no later than 4 hours after laying) - with a primer consumption of about 800 g / m 2.

The primer must have a strong adhesion to the base, the next layer of primer should be applied after the previous one has hardened and dried (no traces of binder should remain on the applied tampon).

3.8 Before installation, metal meshes and frames used for fixing waterproofing must be cleaned of rust, blown with compressed air, washed with water, installed in place, stretched and attached to anchors, reinforcement protrusions, pins embedded in the insulated surface.

Self-tapping screws, clamps and other fasteners must be galvanized. Fastening non-galvanized parts should be coated with anti-corrosion compounds.

3.9 Details for the installation and fastening of equipment, sleeves for passing communications (pipelines, cables, etc.) through the enclosing structures must be installed before the waterproofing device.

Protruding parts and elements are cleaned and primed.

Inventory seals, cuffs, bushings are used to waterproof the passages of communications through the waterproofing circuit.

3.10 The choice of methods for the production of works is determined at the stage of development of the project for the production of works (technological map).

Waterproofing compositions, including adhesive adhesives, paints and mastics, are applied to the surface to be treated in a continuous, without gaps and gaps, uniform layer.

The device of each layer and element of waterproofing is carried out after checking the quality of the underlying layer (element) with the preparation (at the request of the customer) of an act of examination of hidden works.

4 WATERPROOFING WITH ROLL MATERIALS

4.1 Waterproofing with rolled bitumen-polymer, polymer, polyester materials (for example, glass mast, elabit, luberite, isoplast, polycre, isolen, filisol, bikapol, etc.) is also called gluing waterproofing. This type of waterproofing is used to protect structures exposed to groundwater pressure up to 0.5-0.6 MPa from the pressure side (underground parts of buildings and structures). With a thickness of each layer up to 2 mm, up to 3-4 layers of roll material are glued. Waterproofing is reliable in deformable structures, it is crack-resistant, in supporting structures it can work in separation. When waterproofing vertical and inclined surfaces, slips are prevented with the help of protective walls. Horizontal surfaces should be protected with ties. The improvement of this type of insulation follows the path of using polymer films.

4.2 Floor waterproofing should be carried out after the completion of insulation work on ceilings and walls. Rolls before the sticker should be marked in place, taking into account the overlap.

Humidity of the bases when applying compositions should not exceed 4-5%. When applying water-based compositions, the moisture content of the bases can be up to the appearance of drops of moisture on the insulated surface.

Insulation is arranged by gluing waterproof rolls in layers on a flat, dry surface. The adhesive strength must be at least 0.5 MPa.

4.3 Bituminous materials are glued on bituminous mastics. The mastic is first applied to the surface to be insulated, then to the rolled sheet. The thickness of the mastic layer is 2-2.5 mm. Hot bituminous mastics are applied with bitumen blowers, in small portions, in strips from 40 to 60 cm wide, leveling, avoiding splashing, sagging and spilling mastic on the floor.

4.4 Rolls with a factory mastic layer are glued by melting or thinning the mastic layer. The melting of the mastic layer to a temperature of 140-160 ° C is carried out simultaneously with the rolling of the roll.

Liquefaction of the mastic layer is carried out at an air temperature of at least 5 °C with simultaneous laying or before laying the roll. In this case, between the application of adhesives and the gluing of rolls, it is necessary to observe a technological exposure that ensures adhesion of the adhesive compositions to the base.

4.5 Lap seams must be puttied with mastic, squeezed out after rolling the panel. It is not recommended to place joints of rolled materials in corners and niches.

Strips from rolls are brought to the vertical surfaces of walls, foundations for equipment to a height of at least 150 mm.

4.6 Gluing panels in a horizontal direction on vertical surfaces should be done in rows from bottom to top.

Sticking in the vertical direction on vertical and inclined surfaces should be done from the bottom up with panels no less than 1.5 m long.

Pairing panels with multi-layer waterproofing should be performed in steps, with an overlap of the upper lower panel of at least 100 mm.

The installation of waterproofing joints in places that are difficult to access for work is not recommended.

4.7 Waterproofing from film roll materials is arranged in the following ways: by gluing edges or overlapping; gluing rolls with polymer adhesives to a primed base or gluing rolls with a polymer adhesive layer by plasticizing this layer to a primed base.

4.8 When installing waterproofing from polymer roll materials with gluing panels, they must be glued with an overlap of at least 80 mm on a primed surface; on concrete - bitumen, bitumen-polyisobutylene mastics, polymer and rubber adhesive type No. 88N; bituminous mastics should be applied with a thickness of 2 ± 0.2 mm, bitumen-polyisobutylene and polymer adhesive and No. 88N - with a thickness of 1.5 ± 0.1 mm.

When gluing roll materials made of polyisobutylene with adhesive No. 88N, in the overlaps of the panel, edges 30 to 40 mm wide should be left, not smeared with glue. They must be welded with hot air at a temperature of 200 ° C or with an electric soldering iron.

4.9 Waterproofing of pipelines and equipment in hard-to-reach places for insulation, in impassable channels and trays, is performed before installation. Waterproofing of installed pipelines and equipment is carried out after they are fixed in the design position; however, they should not be filled out. If it is necessary to waterproof pipelines in hard-to-reach places, the gluing hot mastic is applied (poured) from above.

5 WATERPROOFING WITH MASTICS AND PAINTS

5.1 Waterproofing with mastics and paints is also called painting (coating) waterproofing. This waterproofing is used at a water pressure of up to 0.02 MPa for underground structures that are not subject to deformation and are available for periodic inspection and repair of waterproofing. Waterproofing is applied from the water side along the primer, as a rule, in 2-3 layers with a thickness of each layer of 1.5-2 mm. For structures located in impervious soils in the absence of drainage, this waterproofing, as a rule, is not applied.

The most reliable are hot bitumen-polymer and cold epoxy-rubber coatings. Cold curing polymer formulations are becoming increasingly popular.

5.2 Methods for applying mastics (enamels, varnishes) and paints (oil, polymer cement) and their viscosity are shown in Table 1. If necessary, hardeners or plasticizers are added.

Table 1

5.3 The type of primer must correspond to the type of composition used. The compositions are applied on primed substrates in layers. Each layer should be continuous, without breaks, of uniform thickness, parallel stripes. Viscous, quick-drying and poorly shaded compositions are applied mechanically (sprayers), in other cases rollers, brushes, spatulas can be used.

Each layer is applied after the previous one has cured. To speed up drying, the surface is blown with a weak jet of cold or heated air.

5.4 The device of the reinforced coating of the entire surface or its individual sections is performed using a fiberglass mesh, which is spread with an overlap of 25-30 mm. The use of glass mesh is recommended at the junction of waterproofing and at the transition of horizontal and vertical surfaces.

When waterproofing horizontal surfaces, the compositions are brought to the vertical surfaces of walls, foundations for equipment to a height of at least 150 mm.

5.5 Waterproofing coatings made of polyurethane mastics (Novokout type) are applied by spraying on primed porous (with cracks, pits and other defects) surfaces (for example, concrete, steel). The thickness of the applied coating (from 2 to 6 mm) is selected depending on the purpose and load on the surface.

5.6 Waterproofing coatings made of acrylic (Weathercoat type) and other polymer compositions (except epoxy with a solvent) should be applied as one or two layers with the application of the prepared compositions no later than 1 hour after mixing the components with a layer thickness of not more than 1 mm with a composition consumption of up to 2 kg / m 2.

The compositions should be applied at an ambient temperature of at least 10 ° C by mechanized or manual means (roller or brush).

5.7 When waterproofing concrete and reinforced concrete surfaces with organosilicate paints (type VN-30 with a solvent-toluene and a hardener based on organic compounds), each layer should be applied after 20-30 minutes (at an ambient temperature above 5 ° C), not earlier than 40 minutes (at temperature from 0 to minus 5 °C), after 60 minutes (at temperatures below minus 5 °C).

5.8 A waterproofing device made of waterproof paints is performed according to the rules of painting work ( MDS 12-30.2006).

Compositions (paints) with aluminum powder should be applied within 2 hours after preparation.

5.9 Waterproofing from bitumen and bitumen-polymer emulsion should be applied in 3-4 layers, each layer 1-1.5 mm thick with a flow rate of 2 liters per 1 m 2 on a base primed with two layers of bitumen emulsion.

5.10 When installing waterproofing from polymer cement paints, the thickness of each layer should not exceed 1-2 mm; the subsequent layer should be applied after 1-1.5 hours (at an ambient temperature of 20± 2 °C) after hardening of the previous one.

5.11 Cold asphalt mastics are applied in layers with a thickness of not more than 9 mm in strips from 2 to 2.5 m high on a hardened surface primed with asphalt pastes (mastics without aggregates). The applied layer is leveled, and when applied manually, in addition, it is compacted. The total thickness of the coating should not exceed 25 mm.

5.12 The finished waterproofing from mastics and paints must be kept at an air temperature of 18-25 ° C until the polymerization processes are completed: organosilicon compounds - 1 day, epoxy - 7 days, compositions based on chlorinated rubber, cyclorubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, bitumen-latex and epoxy with a solvent - 10 days.

6 WATERPROOFING WITH PLASTER, ASPHALT MIXTURES AND HYDROPHOBIC POWDERS

6.1 Cold waterproofing from bituminous mastics, hot from asphalt mixtures, from Portland cement mortars is used in the absence of water pressure. Hot waterproofing of asphalt mixtures is used at water pressure up to 0.1 MPa. Waterproofing made of waterproof non-shrinking cements withstands water pressure up to 0.5 MPa.

In general, 2-3 layers are applied with a thickness of each layer up to 8-10 mm.

Plaster solutions differ from coating compositions in their lower mobility. The use of polymer concrete and polymer cement coatings, colloidal and cement mortar is expanding.

Cast from hot asphalt mixes - one of the most reliable, but also expensive waterproofing. Improve it in the direction of the use of asphalt claydite concrete, bitumen perlite, foam epoxides and other foams.

6.2 Waterproofing from cement (cement-sand) mortars, colloidal, highly dispersed and based on expanding cements, non-shrinking, with sealing additives, is arranged on a metal mesh with a mesh size of 10´ 10 to 20 ´ 20 mm or a mesh of glass fibers over the entire area or at the junctions.

Waterproofing of vertical surfaces is carried out according to the rules for the installation of cement plasters ( MDS 12-30.2006), waterproofing of horizontal surfaces - according to the rules for the installation of cement-sand floors ( MDS 31-11.2007). Each layer should be arranged taking into account the setting time of the mortar after hardening of the previous one: the next one no later than 30 minutes when using mortars based on expanding and non-shrinking cements, after 40 minutes - colloidal mortars.

The layer thickness should be 6-10 mm for mortars with expanding and non-shrinking cement, 3-7 mm for colloidal mortars. The optimal layer thickness is determined by test laying the solution, the optimal thickness is set according to the maximum thickness at which the applied solution does not sag.

6.3 Solutions from dry mixes based on hydraulic cement (such as the Spanish "Dizon") suit the surface of any humidity, including those located under water. The base can not be strengthened with a mesh. The layer thickness should be 1.2-1.4 mm, the solution consumption is about 1.5 kg per 1 m 2 of the pre-moistened surface. It should be borne in mind that the setting time of such a solution takes no more than 2-3 minutes.

6.4 A waterproofing coating made of polytherm, polythermoconcrete or other mortars and concretes with polymer additives is carried out in accordance with the recommendations for the installation of monolithic floors ( MDS 31-11.2007).

6.5 When installing cast waterproofing of surfaces without protective walls, hot asphalt mixes should be applied on vertical bases in layers of 5-7 mm from bottom to top in strips up to 1.4-1.8 m high with grips up to 20 m long, on horizontal - in layers of 7-10 mm. Each layer is leveled and compacted, the next layer should be applied after the previous one has cooled. The mating of strips and grips in each layer must be overlapped to a width of at least 200 mm, in adjacent layers - staggered at a distance of at least 300 mm.

When using a removable formwork or a protective wall, asphalt mixtures are poured between the formwork (protective wall) and the surface to be insulated in strips up to 0.3-0.5 m high.

6.6 Backfill waterproofing (from powders) is carried out by laying on compacted soil or a concrete base. Hydrophobic powders and aggregates (from asphaltoizol, quartz sand, hydrophobic ash, perlite, etc.) are laid in layers in waterproof cavities, for example, enclosed by formwork. Each layer of 10-15 cm and the surface of the laid waterproofing are treated with vibration compaction. The total thickness of backfill waterproofing can reach up to 50 cm. MDS 31-11.2007).

7 WATERPROOFING FROM METAL AND POLYMER SHEETS

7.1 This type of waterproofing is also called mounted waterproofing, since specially prepared metal or plastic sheets (flat, profile, corrugated) are attached to the supporting structures with mounting ties. It is used in difficult cases as the most reliable type of waterproofing. Improved in the direction of the use of rigid PVC and fiberglass.

7.2 Waterproofing, hermetically welded from steel sheets, is arranged both on the side of water pressure and inside the underground structure. This waterproofing withstands any water pressure and is used in structures subjected to mechanical stress and deformation (bases of heavily loaded foundations and columns, pressure tunnels). The number of layers with a thickness of each layer of at least 2-4 mm is taken from the calculation of the strength and durability of the waterproofing. Sheets are attached to the supporting (enclosing) structures by welding or on anchors, dowels, screws.

7.3 Steel waterproofing sheets must be straightened, cleaned of rust and marked before installation. Dimensional deviations along the diagonal of sheets should not be more than 6 mm.

Sheets are assembled on tacks. Welding of sheets is carried out in a mode that reduces temperature-shrinkage stresses.

7.4 Steel waterproofing sheets can be used simultaneously as a formwork for reinforced concrete structures. In this case, measures should be taken to ensure the necessary rigidity of such formwork during the work.

For waterproofing concrete pits with a volume, as a rule, not more than 2 m 3, a container is welded and installed on a cement mortar with simultaneous vibration compaction.

7.5 Welded seams of steel sheets are checked for tightness before concreting the elements of the structure and before filling the gaps with mortar. If compressed air is used for testing, then its pressure should exceed the water pressure by no more than 1.5 times.

The gap between the surface to be insulated and the metal waterproofing is filled by injection of cement mortar under pressure specified in the project for the production of works, but not more than 0.05 MPa. Injection is usually carried out through nozzles welded into the insulation sheets. Branch pipes after completion of work are brewed.

7.6 Waterproofing from polymeric corrugated sheets is arranged both outside and inside the underground structure. This waterproofing complements, in terms of drainage, and can replace other types of waterproofing of vertical and horizontal surfaces. Waterproofing is used for all types of groundwater. The depth of the external wall waterproofing can be up to 10 m.

Sheets with a thickness of 1-2 mm from polymeric corrugated materials such as "Dreniz", " Delta", "Dorken » fastened to load-bearing (enclosing) structures with dowels, screws, glue.

The material, for example "Dreniz", is made of a corrugated polyethylene sheet with a thickness of 2± 0.3 mm and with a corrugation height of 10 mm. The compressive strength until the moment of corrugation collapse is at least 0.15 MPa.

The technology for using Dreniz type sheets is described in VSN 35-95.

7.7 The polymer sheets with the corrugated side are attached to the insulated outer wall in horizontal rows, from bottom to top, so that the drainage channels are located vertically. The overlap in vertical and horizontal joints must be at least 100 mm. Neighboring sheets can be glued, for example, with strips of hydrostekloizol so that the soil does not fall into the drainage channels during backfilling.

7.8 A drainage (for example, asbestos-cement) pipe is laid along the bottom of the trench (pit) at the depth of the waterproofing from polymer sheets. The distance of the pipe from the waterproofing is assumed to be 0.7-1.0 m. The height of the backfill of the pipe with sand with a filtration coefficient of at least 5 m / day is taken to be at least 0.3 m. Polymer sheets are inserted into the sand backfill to a depth of at least 0.2 m.

7.9 Backfilling of the trench (pit) and compaction of the soil is carried out according to SNiP 3.02.01-87. The soil is backfilled and compacted in layers no thicker than 0.25 m. Soil compaction at a distance of less than 0.5 m from the vertical polymer sheets is carried out using manual tampers to prevent damage to the waterproofing. The soil compaction coefficient must be at least 0.95.

7.10 For waterproofing from polymeric corrugated sheets of a horizontal surface (for example, a floor), a cement-sand screed with a thickness of at least 25 mm is arranged with a slope of 2 ° in the direction of water drainage. Polymer sheets are laid on the screed with a corrugated side, with an overlap in the direction of the slope of at least 100 mm. Sheets lead to vertical surfaces (walls) and strengthen at a height of at least 300 mm. A floor covering (for example, cement-sand) with a thickness of at least 20 mm is laid on polymer sheets.

Polymeric corrugated sheets provide not only waterproofing, but also drainage.

7.11 Waterproofing from polymeric flat sheets is arranged according to the rules for gluing rolled materials. Polyvinyl chloride sheets are glued with PVC-type glue. The glue is heated to 40 °C and applied to surfaces wiped with methyl chloride or dichloroethane 15 minutes before sticking. The sheets are pressed to the base so that there are no unglued places and bubbles left. At the seams of the overlap, the glued sheets are boiled.

8 WATERPROOFING (SEALING) OF SEAMS AND JOINTS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ELEMENTS

8.1 IN seams and joints of prefabricated reinforced concrete structures, plastic (bitumen, bitumen-polymer and other bitumen-based mastics), flexible (rolled strips, tapes, sheets), elastic (profile rubber materials), rigid (one-component or two-component sealants) and combined (for example , fibrous materials in combination with cement, resins or mastics) waterproofing.

For waterproofing seams and joints, bituminous-polymer sealants, fiberglass and glass elastics are promising (materials such as Hydrohit for seams (Russia), Schomburg-Assokrit (Germany), Penekrit (USA), etc.).

8.2 Seams and joints must be prepared for sealing: cracks and shells are sealed, cleaned of mortar, dirt, blown with compressed air, primed with cold bitumen in a solvent or liquefied sealants.

The seams of prefabricated elements are cleaned of sand, gravel, concrete residues and dust with compressed air before sealing.

8.3 When sealing with bitumen-based mastics, the seam (joint) is completely filled with grippers of 0.8-1.0 m each. To prevent the mastics from slipping, vertical and inclined seams are immediately sealed with paper strips or polymer tapes.

8.4 Sealing seams (joints) with one- and two-component sealants (for example, type " LAMPOZILEX, MAPELASTIC ”) should be carried out continuously, taking into account the speed of vulcanization (up to 1-2 minutes at an air temperature of 20 ° C) and the rapidly increasing viscosity of the sealants. Mix them thoroughly immediately before use.

8.5 Strips from rolled materials and tapes are glued without wrinkles, swelling and air bubbles; mastics and rubber adhesives are applied in a thin, even layer and strips (tapes) are laid after drying. If necessary, the glued strips (tapes) are painted.

8.6 Embedded profile elements must be crimped at the joint by 20-30%. In monolithic structures, profile elements are laid, as a rule, in the process of concreting; in prefabricated structures, if possible, they are clamped from above with installed parts.

The foam plastic pressed into the expansion joint is primed with a solution of bituminous varnish or glue before gluing to the surfaces of the joint.

A profiled tape designed to cover expansion joints (rubber, plastic) is laid dry in the joint and subsequently glued to the insulation covering the joint.

For reliable sealing of the joint, the profile elements are covered with mastics on top, sealed with protective strips of rolled material or tape.

8.7 Waterproofing of joints in prefabricated linings of underground structures is carried out after the control injection of cement mortar behind the lining. The grooves of the joints of the lining elements should be cleaned with sand from a sandblaster, blown with compressed air, washed with water and filled with mastics or caulked with pastes, taking into account the hydrostatic pressure of the water.

9 INJECTED WATERPROOFING

9.1 Injection waterproofing is carried out by injecting a binder material into the soil adjacent to building structures, or into seams and cracks in building structures. It is used, as a rule, during repairs. The improvement of technology is due to the use of new polymeric materials: carbamide and furan resins.

9.2 Injection waterproofing with simultaneous fixation of soils is used to ensure water resistance and solidity of soils at the bases of buildings and structures and under them. Injection waterproofing is produced by cementation, silicification, resinization and bitumization methods. The rules for performing these works are given in SNiP 3.02.01-87.

Before silicification and cementation, it is necessary to check the purity of the soils: if contaminated with petroleum products, resins and oils, their impregnation is not recommended.

9.3 When injecting soils that are homogeneous in terms of permeability, work is carried out from top to bottom, with an increase in permeability as it deepens, from bottom to top; in heterogeneous layered soils, injections are carried out in layers, layers with greater permeability are treated first.

9.4 In the soil to be injected, wells (holes) are drilled in rows in a checkerboard pattern at a distance of 0.7-1.5 m from one another, into which appropriate waterproofing and soil-fixing compounds are injected. Work is carried out at a positive ambient temperature.

9.5 For cementation, a mortar on cement of the M 300 brand is usually used, less often - of the M400 brand with the introduction of plasticizing and accelerating hardening and increasing compaction additives.

9.6 For silicification, a colloidal solution is used from a solution of liquid glass and a coagulator (aluminum sulphate, calcium chloride, sodium silicofluoride, etc.). Single-solution silicification is performed for fine silty and loess soils, two-solution - for fine and large sandy-gravelly soils.

9.7 When resinizing, a 3% solution of hydrochloric acid or a 2-4% solution of oxalic acid is preliminarily injected under a pressure of 0.1-0.2 MPa (with a higher content of sand). Then the working mixture is injected, for example, carbamide or furfural resin with a hardener. It should be taken into account that curing of urea resin occurs within 30 minutes after injection, and curing of furfural resin - within 30 minutes after preparation.

9.8 For bitumization, cold asphalt mastics (pastes) are used (with a water pressure of not more than 0.1 MPa) and hot bitumens. The injection of bitumen should be carried out in several stages, taking into account its decrease in volume by 8-11% during cooling. Bituminization must be carried out until the maximum pressure in the well becomes constant for 2-4 hours or higher than the calculated one, no more than 5%.

9.9 The injection of the compositions should be carried out under load, which is used as the overlying layers of soil, the building itself (structure) or specially laid reinforced concrete slabs. The discharge pressure should not exceed the pressure on the soil from the acting loads: there should be no exit of the compositions to the soil surface.

9.10 Injection work should be carried out by successively bringing the wells together to the distances at which a hydraulic connection occurs between them. Injection waterproofing is carried out until "failure", at which the soil stops absorbing the composition, the composition flow rate decreases to 5-8 l / min, and the discharge pressure increases to critical.

After injection waterproofing work, driven pipes are usually left in the ground as reinforcement.

9.11 To eliminate leaks in existing structures (soil strengthening), hydroactive polyurethane foam liquid compositions (for example, from the company " De Neef Canchem "") is injected into the seams and cracks (soil). Upon contact with water, foaming and an increase in the volume of the composition occur. Water is displaced from seams and cracks (cavities), cavities are filled with polyurethane (hard or elastic, depending on the conditions and purpose). The setting time of the polyurethane ranges from 2 to 17 minutes, depending on the amount of catalyst and temperature.

10 IMPREGNATED WATERPROOFING

10.1 Impregnation waterproofing is carried out by impregnation to a depth of at least 2-5 mm on one or both sides with penetrating compounds such as Hydrohit DAKO-SIL, GSK-1 (Russia), Schomburg-Akvafin ITs (Germany), Penetron (USA) of porous building materials (brick , tiles, asbestos-cement sheets, pipes, etc.), parts (panels, slabs and blocks of the technical underground, elevator shaft pit slabs, window beams and frames, window sills, foundation glasses for columns, etc.) and underground structures ( foundations, wells, caissons, etc.).

10.2 Impregnation is carried out in the factory (in autoclaves, baths or in impregnation chambers with the application of a penetrating composition before heat and moisture treatment) or at a construction site.

Impregnation waterproofing of ground structures at the construction site is carried out after their installation by applying layers of penetrating compounds according to the rules for painting waterproofing.

Waterproof bricks are laid on hot bituminous and other waterproof mastics, the joints of waterproof sheets, tiles and other parts are sealed with sealants.

10.3 Impregnation waterproofing of existing underground structures (for example, walls of a technical underground) is carried out by treating the hydrocontact part of the walls on one or both sides. The penetrating composition is applied to a dry and clean surface of a brick (concrete) under pressure or with a roller (brush) until absorption stops.

The impregnation of walls should be considered more effective when the penetrating liquid is poured into inclined holes drilled in the wall. Holes are drilled at regular intervals, corresponding to the penetration of the liquid, using drilling equipment or hand-held drilling machines. The liquid penetrates through the capillaries of the brick (concrete) into the wall, forms chemical compounds that fill the pores and form a hydrophobic layer.

11 DEVICE OF COUPLES OF TYPES OF WATERPROOFING

11.1 In some cases, it becomes necessary to interface various types of waterproofing, for example, waterproofing with roll materials with waterproofing with mastics and paints, waterproofing with sheets with waterproofing with paints, impregnating with painting, etc.

Practice shows the possibility of such conjugations.

11.2 Pairing waterproofing with rolled materials with paint waterproofing is carried out by sticking rolls on a painted surface on a strip with a width of at least 0.5 m with additional application of paint waterproofing to the interface.

11.3 Pairing waterproofing with mastics with rolled, as well as painting with waterproofing sheets, is carried out by overlapping the latter with mastic (paint) with a width of at least 0.3-0.4 m.

11.4 Pairing of pasting waterproofing with waterproofing with sheets is carried out by overlapping the last waterproofing with rolls of pasting over a width of at least 0.2 m with pressing the rolled carpet to the sheets with clamping strips on the bolts.

The surface coating of waterproofing from metal sheets is painted with anti-corrosion compounds or plastered, for example, with cement mortar on a metal mesh.

11.5 Pairing waterproofing with plaster solutions with pasting is carried out by priming the plaster at the interface and sticking rolls of pasting waterproofing onto it within a strip with a width of at least 0.5 m.

11.6 Impregnating waterproofing, for example based on a silicone penetrating composition, can be treated with any non-aqueous decorative coatings, such as silicone enamels.

12 WATERPROOFING PROTECTION

12.1 Finished waterproofing must be protected from mechanical damage and solar radiation. Protection against mechanical damage is carried out by installing protective coatings, screeds and walls.

12.2 Protective coatings of cement-sand mortar, asphalt concrete and gravel should be carried out in accordance with the rules for the installation of screeds and protective coating of roofs.

12.3 The cement-sand mortar for the screed device (plaster) must have a grade of at least M50. The solution is applied with a thickness of 30-50 mm on horizontal and 10-20 mm on vertical surfaces of underground rooms. Plaster to a height of up to 2 m is applied, as a rule, without reinforcement, and above - on a metal mesh. On a horizontal surface, a screed can be laid from hot asphalt concrete.

12.4 Protection of pasting waterproofing inside underground tanks is carried out by laying a brick wall or facing with slabs (tiles). The processing of bricks and slabs (tiles) should be carried out with the application of bituminous or silicate compounds on their back side. The surface of the waterproofing is primed depending on the binder used.

The gluing waterproofing of foundations operated in aggressive groundwater is protected by a lining made of piece chemically resistant materials - acid-resistant bricks, paving stones, tiles (slabs). They are laid on acid-resistant cement-sand mortars.

12.5 To protect the external waterproofing of the underground parts of buildings and structures, when backfilling with soil, walls made of bricks or concrete slabs on cement mortar or bitumen are laid out with a gap. The gap between the wall and the waterproofing is filled with masonry mortar, then backfilling is carried out with soil compaction.

With a weak alkalinity of the soil and groundwater, a clay castle is arranged to protect the waterproofing. Crumpled greasy clay is laid and compacted in even horizontal layers of 50-100 mm.

12.6 A protective coating of gravel covered with quartz sand is performed on hot bituminous mastic and hot sand with grains ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.5 mm and a temperature of 150 to 180 °C. Hot sand should be rubbed over the hot mastic in a continuous layer, without gaps and damage to the mastic; in places where the sand has not stuck or is not recessed into the mastic, the grout should be repeated, and the excess sand removed.

12.7 To protect waterproofing from solar radiation, coatings of reflective paint compositions or reflective roll materials are used, which are arranged according to the relevant rules for finishing work.

13 WATERPROOFING WORKS IN WINTER CONDITIONS

13.1 Outdoor waterproofing work is not recommended in winter conditions. If it is necessary to work in winter conditions, greenhouses are used. Works in greenhouses with the use of hot mastics are carried out at an air temperature of at least 20 ° C, with the use of water-based compounds without special measures and the use of antifreeze additives - at least 5 ° C.

13.2 Waterproofing work in greenhouses is carried out subject to the following conditions:

The surfaces to be insulated are heated until they reach a positive temperature;

Waterproofing materials must have a temperature: rolled - not lower than 10 ° C, compositions - 20 ° C, cold mastics - 30-35 ° C; impregnating compositions - 25-80 ° С.

13.3 Backfilling of trenches and pits when performing waterproofing work is allowed with thawed soil or dry sand with careful layer-by-layer compaction; there should be no frozen clods in the soil.

13.4 Compositions with antifreeze additives are applied with a thickness of not more than 2 mm, for their stabilization, breaks in work should be taken for 3-5 days.

13.5 Bitumen-emulsion waterproofing mastics without antifreeze additives should be heated up to 60 °C (at air temperature minus 5 °C), up to 70 °C (at air temperature minus 10 °C). Freshly applied coatings should be protected from snow ingress, from water washout and dried using infrared emitters or heat blowers.

13.6 When building walls and screeds, it is recommended to introduce antifreeze additives into cement-sand mortars as a percentage of the mass of mixing water:

Sodium nitrite - 7% (at air temperature up to minus 10 °C),

Potash - 4.1% (at air temperature up to minus 5 °C) and 8.6% (at minus 5-15 °C).

The temperature of the solution with the addition of sodium nitrate should be in the range of 10-15 °C.

13.7 Earthwork, stone, concrete and other works related to waterproofing works in winter conditions are carried out in accordance with the relevant rules for performing winter work.

14 QUALITY OF WATERPROOFING WORKS

14.1 The quality of waterproofing works depends on the quality of materials, on the quality of preparatory, main and final works.

Acts for hidden work can be drawn up in agreement with the customer at all stages of work, including such basic ones as preparing the base, priming, applying layers covered with soil or masonry, on seams and joints, waterproofing interfaces, etc.

14.2 When controlling the quality of roll and mastic waterproofing, work on preparing surfaces for a primer, applying a primer and each layer of insulation, performing insulation in areas to be closed with masonry, protective fences, water and pounds are subject to verification. Loosely glued places are detected by a change in sound when the waterproofing surface is tapped. Defective places should be cleared and patched up: bubbles, swellings, sponginess, streaks and sagging are eliminated. An additional waterproofing layer should be applied to defective places.

14.3 The quality of surface drying is controlled by a test sticker in different places of pieces of rolled material with an area of ​​about 1 m 2, followed by their separation after the mastic has cooled. The surface is considered dry if the web material cannot be torn off without tearing.

14.4 The adhesion strength of the roll material is checked by a trial tear at the edge. The gluing is considered strong if the material is torn or the mastic is destroyed during tearing.

14.5 Punctures and cuts in the waterproofing, which serve to control its thickness and adhesion strength upon acceptance, are allowed in an amount of not more than one per 2 m 2. Places of punctures and incisions must be carefully sealed.

14.6 When evaluating the quality of waterproofing from sheets, first of all, the quality of the seams is checked. Defects in the seams of waterproofing are eliminated by welding, sealing, putty and other methods.

14.7 The quality of work on the installation of waterproofing of temperature-shrinkage and expansion joints, junctions and kinks is assessed mainly by inspection.

Completed work must meet the following requirements:

The strips of rolls covering the temperature-shrinkage and expansion joints (horizontal and inclined) must be even, not wrinkled, completely covering the seam or junction; spot gluing of the strip should exclude the possibility of shifting the strip to the side or lifting it;

Dry vertical expansion joints must be cleared, and those filled with mastic or foam should not have mastic drips or foam protruding from the joint;

Curly and flat metal, rubber or plastic compensators must fit snugly against the main layers of insulation.

14.8 When evaluating the quality of waterproofing of expansion joints, the strength of fastening of expansion joints, the tightness of joints in the places of overlapping of individual sheets and in places of interfaces of expansion joints with waterproofing, the correctness of the waterproofing of joints, especially in places of transition from a horizontal surface to a vertical one, are checked.

When assessing the quality of waterproofing interfaces, the preparation of reinforcing sheets and parts, their fit in place, the tightness of the interfaces, and the sealing of the interfaces are checked.

When assessing the quality of sealing joints and holes in structures made of prefabricated elements, the degree of cleanliness of the grooves and their filling with sealing materials, the quality of the caulking, and the waterproofing of technological holes for injecting cement mortar behind the lining of the structure are checked.

14.9 When assessing the quality of finished waterproofing, drawn up by an act, data on the quality of materials and samples of waterproofing, acts of hidden work, a waterproofing project, a project for the production of works and work logs can be presented.

It is known that many factors have a destructive effect on the design of the foundation. Specialists in the construction industry strongly recommend that during the construction of a residential or industrial facility, adhere to all the rules and regulations that are specified in the SNiP.

This documentation spells out all the important aspects and criteria that will really help you choose absolutely all the necessary materials to create a really strong and durable base that will not lose its properties when exposed to mechanical and climatic properties.

You should not think that following these recommendations is only to avoid problems with instances, without taking into account the scale of the object. Keep in mind that fines and bans on further construction are the least of the troubles. As practice shows, non-compliance with the instructions, as a rule, cannot be hidden, and first of all, such an oversight concerns the qualitative characteristics of a residential or industrial facility. It is the neglect of regulatory and technical documentation that is the reason for the following:

• reduction of the maximum service life of the structure;
• the appearance of cracks and chips on the surface of the walls of the house;
• displacement of the foundation due to incorrect calculation of the occurrence of groundwater;
• slope of the solid foundation structure;
• the formation of various kinds of corrosion on the reinforced concrete elements of the base. plaque and other phenomena that adversely affect the material.

Key points

The stage of creating a foundation project is regulated by the relevant SNiP 2.02.01-83 "Foundations of buildings and structures". One of the most important rules that the document contains is the presence of mandatory waterproofing of the base. It is worth noting that this applies not only to the foundation, but also to other elements of the structure. This will help to properly protect the future structure from the direct impact of groundwater.

But this does not mean at all that waterproofing is a mandatory measure. It is carried out in cases where bituminization or drainage works are inefficient or economically unjustified.

The following excerpts from the documentation are provided for your attention:

To date, there are several main varieties of waterproofing, the most popular of which are:

• facing;
• using plaster;
• pasting;
• using construction foam or paint.

It is worth noting that on the shelves of building stores today you can see a lot of ultra-modern products that have only recently left the assembly line of industrial concerns. Remember that if you want to use some kind of novelty material, it is best to first consult with experts regarding the quality characteristics. In addition to the materials familiar to all materials, various cement mortars are often used, containing special impurities that improve the elastic properties of concrete, as well as its resistance to moisture. According to the regulatory documentation, this type of waterproofing belongs to the class of plastering and painting. There is no generally accepted technology for waterproofing, as well as requirements for implementation. It is important to strictly adhere to the instructions regarding the technology of forming the base and the materials that will be used for this.

Stages of waterproofing

Like all construction work, waterproofing, according to the rules of SNiP, is carried out in several steps.

1 step. Preparatory work.

They are as follows:

• Leveling surfaces, filling gaps in the base and covering cracks. For this, it is recommended to use a composition of sand and cement.
• If there is rust and corrosion on the supporting structures, they must be disposed of by any of the methods that are available to you.
• If bevels and angularities were planned during the design, then they must be created before the start of waterproofing work;
• Drying the base;
• cleaning dust, dirt and other construction waste.

2 step. Direct waterproofing of the base.

According to SNiP, this stage should be carried out taking into account the characteristics of the load on the foundation. In addition, it is necessary to take into account temperature indicators from minus 30 to plus 60 degrees (with the maximum allowable correction of 20 degrees).

In addition, the waterproofing of foundations should be carried out under clearly defined conditions, namely:

1. construction work should be carried out only when the moisture content of the foundation is not more than 4%. In the event that you are going to paint or veneer the base, then the absolute dryness of the material is a prerequisite.
2. - in order for the paint waterproofing of the foundation snip to be carried out as efficiently as possible, it is best to apply the mixture gradually in several stages. The optimal number of layers is four. At the same time, it is important to follow the rule according to which proper waterproofing of snip is possible only if the layer thickness is 0.6 cm, the minimum is 0.3 cm.
3. adjacent strips overlap one another, but during the execution of work, it is important to ensure that there are no tight joints;
4. each subsequent layer should be applied only after the previous one has completely dried.

Important. According to the requirements of SNP, waterproofing of foundations can be carried out using several different materials at the same time. There are quite a few options, the most common combination of pasting and painting materials. In this case, pasting is carried out last, as a fixing layer.

Waterproofing as a means of protection against corrosion

Waterproofing is carried out not only to ensure the thermal insulation of the base, but also to prevent the formation of corrosion. Protection is primary and secondary. In the first case, in order to improve the durability of concrete elements, various additives and compositions are used. They will reduce the permeability of the material, as well as provide the protective properties of concrete.

Foundation protection according to SNiP: main requirements for materials

As already mentioned, SNiP clearly distinguishes between vertical and horizontal waterproofing works. But besides this, this documentation strictly defines and limits the range of materials that can be used for construction work. Main criteria:

- reliability. The material that you choose as a protective layer of the base from the effects of various environmental factors, mechanical influences and groundwater must have a high strength factor. Specialists in the construction industry recommend the use of materials such as fiberglass insulators or brizol.

– waterproof. Since the foundation lies in a certain depression, contact with underlying groundwater, as well as melting precipitation during the cold season, is not ruled out. The most optimal option, in this case, should have water-repellent properties, which are endowed, for example, with polyisobutylene.

- durability. Today, most residential real estate, as well as industrial enterprises, are built on the basis of a minimum service life of 30-50 years. And, as you know, the guarantor of the durability of any building is a solid and reliable foundation. But, unfortunately, none of the grounds will last so long if you do not take care of its protection in advance. When choosing a material, do not try to save money, because in this case, such savings can cost you much more in the future.

What can replace waterproofing?

Of course, waterproofing is not a mandatory measure for working with the foundation. It is necessary only in cases where all other options are not able to give the desired result or are not economically justified. According to regulatory documents, waterproofing the foundation of snip is possible only when there are favorable weather conditions. With gusty winds, snow or hail, it is forbidden not only to carry out waterproofing, but also to carry out absolutely any work that is associated with the formation of the foundation structure.

In addition, it is worth noting that the regulatory documentation clearly defines those requirements that relate to the level of groundwater, which can violate the foundation structure. For example, if the probability of rising groundwater is high enough, then under the foundation it is necessary to lay an asphalt concrete pad impregnated with bitumen. Only after that you can proceed to waterproofing.

In the event that groundwater is located close to the surface due to the climatic features of the area, then it is better to abandon the waterproofing of the base in favor of drainage or vulcanization.

It is also important to follow the rules that SNiP regulates when it comes to the construction of buildings in conditions of high or low temperatures. It is strongly not recommended to undertake waterproofing work during the cold season, because due to frost it may happen that the foundation or protective coating cannot dry properly.

Who is best to entrust waterproofing?

Of course, if we are talking about compliance with the norms and requirements of the SNiP documentation, then in order to exclude the possibility of error, it is best to trust the hands of specialists. If you do not have any experience in creating foundation protection, then independence in this matter can be fraught with disastrous consequences. A banal error in calculations or the choice of not the most suitable material will entail a whole list of consequences, among which, of course, the most negative is the destruction of the foundation and the entire structure as well. As a rule, if you order the construction of an object from experienced craftsmen or from a large construction company, then the cost of creating waterproofing is already included in the final price of the work. If the reputation is important for the contractor, then during the work he always clearly follows the recommendations and standards prescribed by the technical documentation.

In this article, we examined in detail how to properly waterproof the foundation, in order to take into account all the rules and norms of the current SNiP. Now you know not only what is fraught with non-compliance with the instructions, but also how you can prevent negative consequences.

1.2. Insulating, finishing, protective coatings and floor structures must be carried out in accordance with the project (finishing coatings in the absence of project requirements - according to the standard). Replacement of materials, products and compositions provided for by the project is allowed only upon agreement with the design organization and the customer.

1.3. Work on the production of thermal insulation works can only begin after the execution of an act (permit) signed by the customer, representatives of the installation organization and the organization performing thermal insulation work.

1.4. The device of each element of insulation (roof), floor, protective and finishing coatings should be carried out after checking the correctness of the implementation of the corresponding underlying element with the preparation of an inspection certificate for hidden works.

1.5. With appropriate justification, in agreement with the customer and the design organization, it is allowed to assign methods of work performance and organizational and technological solutions, as well as establish methods, volumes and types of registration of quality control of work that differ from those provided for by these rules.

2.1. Insulation and roofing works are allowed to be carried out from 60 to minus 30 °С of the environment (production of work using hot mastics - at an ambient temperature of at least minus 20 °С, using water-based compositions without antifreeze additives of at least 5 °С).

Plaster sections of vertical surfaces of stone structures to the height of the junction of a rolled or emulsion-mastic roofing carpet and insulation.

2.3. Insulating compositions and materials must be applied in continuous and uniform layers or in one layer without gaps and sagging. Each layer must be arranged on the hardened surface of the previous one with leveling of the applied compositions, with the exception of paints. When preparing and preparing insulating compositions, the requirements of Table 1 should be observed.

2.4. Substrates must be dedusted before applying primers and sealers, including bonding adhesives and mastics.

2.5. Leveling screeds (from cement-sand, gypsum, gypsum-sand mortars and asphalt concrete mixtures) should be arranged in grips 2-3 m wide along guides with surface leveling and compaction.

2.6. The priming of the surface before applying the adhesive and insulating compositions must be made continuous without gaps and gaps. Priming of screeds made from cement-sand mortars should be carried out no later than 4 hours after their laying, using primers on slowly evaporating solvents (with the exception of screeds with a surface slope of more than 5%, when priming should be performed after they have hardened). When preparing the base surface, the requirements of Table 2 must be observed.

2.7. Humidity of the base before applying the primer should not exceed the values ​​specified in Table 3. On wet substrates, only water-based primers or sealers may be applied, provided that the moisture on the surface of the substrate does not compromise the integrity of the coating film.

2.8. The metal surfaces of pipelines, equipment and fasteners to be insulated must be cleaned of rust, and those subject to anti-corrosion protection must be treated in accordance with the project.

2.11. Rolled insulating materials during work at negative temperatures must be warmed up to a temperature of at least 15 ° C within 20 hours, rewound and delivered to the place of installation in an insulated container.

2.12. When installing roof insulation from large-sized complex panels with a roofing carpet applied at the factory, the sealing of the joints of the roof panels and their pasting should be carried out after checking the insulation of the mounted panels.

2.13. Roofing and waterproofing carpets made of roll materials with a mastic layer pre-melted at the factory must be glued onto a pre-primed base by melting or liquefying (plasticizing) the mastic layer of the material without using adhesive mastics. The adhesive strength must be at least 0.5 MPa.

Liquefaction of the mastic layer should be carried out at an air temperature of at least 5 °C with the simultaneous laying of the rolled carpet or before it is laid (depending on the ambient temperature).

The melting of the mastic layer should be carried out simultaneously with the laying out of the panels (the temperature of the melted mastic is 140-160 ° C). Each laid layer of the roof must be rolled with a roller to the next one.

2.14. Rolled materials before the sticker must be marked at the place of installation; the layout of the panels of rolled materials should ensure compliance with the values ​​​​of their overlap when gluing.