Features of the use of ammonium (lime-ammonia) nitrate. Lime-ammonium nitrate See what "Lime nitrate" is in other dictionaries

Not everyone knows what ammonium nitrate is, so let's take a closer look at this fertilizer, and also find out how and where it is used. Ammonium nitrate is a mineral granular fertilizer of white color with a gray, yellow or pink tint, up to four millimeters in diameter.

Ammonium nitrate description and composition of the fertilizer

A fertilizer called "ammonium nitrate" is a fairly common option among summer residents, which has found wide application due to the presence of about 35% nitrogen in its composition, which is very necessary for the active growth of plants.

Saltpeter is used as a growth regulator of the green mass of the plant, to increase the level of protein and gluten in cereals, as well as to increase productivity.

Did you know? In addition to the name "ammonium nitrate", there are others: "ammonium nitrate", "ammonium salt of nitric acid", "ammonium nitrate".

For the manufacture of ammonium nitrate, ammonia and nitric acid are used. Ammonium nitrate has the following compound: nitrogen (from 26 to 35%), sulfur (up to 14%), calcium, potassium, magnesium. The percentage of trace elements in saltpeter depends on the type of fertilizer. The presence of sulfur in the agrochemical contributes to its full and rapid absorption by the plant.

Types of ammonium nitrate

Pure ammonium nitrate is rarely used. Based on the geography of application and the needs of farmers, this agrochemical is saturated with various additives, which means that it is useful to know what kind of ammonium nitrate is.

There are several main types:

Simple ammonium nitrate- the first-born of the agrochemical industry. It is used to saturate plants with nitrogen. This is a highly effective starter dressing for crops that are grown in the middle lane and may well replace urea.

Ammonium nitrate grade B. There are two varieties: the first and second. It is used for primary feeding of seedlings, with a short duration of daylight hours, or for fertilizing flowers after winter. Most often, it is it that you can buy packaged in 1 kg in stores, since it is well preserved.

Potassium ammonium nitrate or Indian. Great for feeding fruit trees in early spring. It is also poured into the ground before planting tomatoes, since the presence of potassium improves the taste of the tomato.

Ammonium-lime nitrate. It is also called Norwegian. Available in two forms - simple and granulated. It contains calcium, magnesium and potassium. Granules of this saltpeter are distinguished by good keeping quality.

Important! Granules of lime-ammonium nitrate are treated with fuel oil, which does not decompose in the ground for a long time, which will protect it from pollution.

All plants are fertilized with this type of saltpeter, since it does not cause an increase in soil acidity. The advantages of using this agrochemical include easy digestibility by plants and explosion safety.

Magnesium saltpeter. Since this type of ammonium nitrate does not burn plants, it is used for foliar feeding. It is also used as an auxiliary magnesium and photosynthesis accumulator in the cultivation of vegetables and beans. Highly effective is the use of magnesium nitrate on sandy and sandy loamy soils.

calcium nitrate. Both dry and liquid saltpeter are produced. It is used for feeding vegetables and ornamental plants on soddy-podzolic soils with high acidity. Apply calcium nitrate before digging up the site or under the root.

Sodium nitrate or Chilean holds up to 16% nitrogen. Ideal for the precipitate of all beet varieties.

Porous ammonium nitrate- fertilizer, which, due to the special shape of the granules, has not found its application in the garden. It is explosive and is used to make explosives. It cannot be purchased privately.

barium nitrate. It is used in the creation of pyrotechnic tricks, as it is able to color the flame green.

Did you know? Saltpeter is used not only as fertilizer, but also for the production of wicks, black powder, explosives, smoke bombs, or paper impregnation.

How to properly apply ammonium nitrate in the garden (when and how to apply, what can and cannot be fertilized)

Saltpeter, as a fertilizer, has found wide application among gardeners and summer residents. In the process of plant growth, it is applied before digging up the beds and under the root. However, it is not enough to understand that ammonium nitrate can be used as a fertilizer, it is important to know what exactly can be fertilized with it. Below we will talk about all the intricacies of using such a substance in agriculture, because as you know: everything is fine, but in moderation.
To get the maximum benefit from the fertilizer, the consumption rate of ammonium nitrate should not exceed the consumption recommended by the manufacturer (calculated in grams per square meter):

Vegetables 5-10 g, fertilize twice per season: the first time before budding, the second - after the formation of fruits.
Root crops 5-7 g(before applying top dressing, deepenings are made in the aisles, about three centimeters deep, and fertilizer is poured into them). Feeding is carried out once, twenty-one days after the appearance of sprouts.
Fruit trees: young plantations require 30-50 g of the substance, which is applied in early spring, when the first leaves appear; fruit-bearing trees 20-30 g, a week after flowering, with a repeat in a month. Scatter the precipitate around the perimeter of the crown before watering. If you use a solution, then they need to add trees three times per season.

Important! Diluted saltpeter is quickly absorbed by the plant. The solution is prepared as follows: 30 grams of saltpeter is diluted with ten liters of water.

shrubs: 7-30 g (for young), 15-60 g - for fruiting.
Strawberry: young - 5-7 g (diluted), giving birth - 10-15 g per linear meter.

Ammonium nitrate is used both as a main top dressing and as an additional one. If the soil is alkaline, saltpeter is used on an ongoing basis, and in acidic soil, it is used in combination with lime, not only as the main, but also as an additional fertilizer.

Since 50% of the nitrogen in saltpeter is in the form of nitrate, it is well distributed in the soil. Therefore, it will be possible to get the maximum benefit from the fertilizer when it is applied during the period of active growth of the crop with abundant watering.

The use of ammonium nitrate with potassium and phosphorus is considered more effective. On light soils, saltpeter is scattered before plowing or digging for planting.

Important! To avoid spontaneous combustion, saltpeter must not be mixed with peat, straw, sawdust, superphosphate, lime, humus, chalk.

Scatter ammonium nitrate over the soil, before watering, and even in dissolved form it still needs to be watered. If you apply organic fertilizers under trees and bushes, then saltpeter is required by a third less than organics. For young plantations, the dosage is reduced by half.

Ammonium nitrate as a fertilizer, in reasonable doses, can be used to feed almost any plant. However, it is important to know that cucumbers, pumpkins, zucchini and squash cannot be fertilized with it, since in this case the use of saltpeter will help to accumulate nitrates in these vegetables.

Did you know? In 1947, in the United States, 2,300 tons of ammonium nitrate exploded on a cargo ship, and the shock wave from the explosion also blew up two overflying aircraft. From the chain reaction, which was caused by the explosion of the planes, nearby factories and another ship carrying saltpeter were destroyed.

Advantages and disadvantages of using ammonium nitrate in the country

Ammonium nitrate, due to its affordability and easy digestibility by plants, has found wide application not only in the garden, but also in the country. The advantages of using saltpeter on the site include:

ease of use;
simultaneous saturation of plants with all useful substances that are required for their full development;
easy solubility in water and wet soil;
positive result even when applied to cold ground.

Saltpeter names

Trivial name	Chemical formula	Systematic name	Note
ammonium nitrate	NH 4 3	ammonium nitrate	Colorless crystalline substance, hygroscopic, very soluble in water with a strong decrease in the temperature of the solution. It explodes, especially when mixed with metal powders, when using intermediate detonators from more sensitive explosives (for example, TNT), it is insensitive to shocks. When stored in large quantities, for example in the fields, there have been cases of explosion from impact when trying to loosen. When heated above 160 ° C, it decomposes with the release of mainly nitrous oxide with an admixture of other oxides. The most common nitrogen fertilizer.
Ammonium nitrate	NH 4 3	ammonium nitrate
barium nitrate	( 3) 2	barium nitrate	Colorless crystals. Colors the flame green. It is used as an oxidizing agent in pyrotechnic compositions of colored flames.
Barite saltpeter	( 3) 2	barium nitrate
Potassium nitrate	3	potassium nitrate	Colorless crystals with a rhombic or hexagonal crystal lattice. It is much less hygroscopic than sodium, therefore it is widely used in pyrotechnics as an oxidizing agent. When heated above 334.5 ° C, it melts, above this temperature it decomposes with the release of oxygen.
Indian saltpeter	3	potassium nitrate
magnesium nitrate	(3) 2 H 2 O	Magnesium nitrate crystalline hydrate
calcium nitrate	(3) 2 4 H 2 O	Calcium nitrate hydrate
lime saltpeter
Norwegian saltpeter
Chilean saltpeter	3	sodium nitrate	Usually there are impurities of halides, the main deposits are in Chile (provinces of Tarapaca and Antofagasta). Color white, yellowish, red-brown, grey. Mohs hardness 1.5-2;. Density 2.3 g/cm³. It is formed mainly due to volcanic activity or nitrogen oxidation. Hygroscopic.
soda nitrate
sodium nitrate

The use of saltpeter

Saltpeter is used as nitrogen fertilizer, while potassium nitrate is also a source of potassium necessary for plants. Potassium nitrate is also one of the ingredients in black powder. Ammonium nitrate is used to make explosives such as ammonal and ammotol. Ammonia fertilizers include: ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium bicarbonate, liquid nitrogen fertilizers. Ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride are most effective on soils saturated with bases (chernozems, carbonate gray soils, chestnut soils), which have the ability to neutralize the acidifying effect of these fertilizers. Systematic fertilization with ammonium sulfate and ammonium chloride acidic soils causes an increase in acidity; this shortcoming can be eliminated by liming. Ammonia nitrogen is less susceptible to leaching than nitrate, so ammonia fertilizers can be applied before sowing, in the fall. They are less suitable for surface (for winter crops) and local (in rows, holes and nests) application. An excess of chlorine in ammonium chloride adversely affects the size and quality of the crop of many agricultural crops (potatoes, flax, oilseeds, tobacco, grapes, etc.). Ammonium bicarbonate, the production of which is still limited by the volume of experimental studies, has an alkaline reaction, but undergoes nitrification in the soil (see Nitrification in soil). Among the ammonia forms of nitrogen fertilizers, liquid fertilizers are of great importance - liquid anhydrous ammonia, aqueous ammonia, ammoniates.

Production

Lime nitrate, in its final (commercial) form, is beige granules ranging in size from 0.6 to 5 mm. The very process of manufacturing IAS (lime ammonium nitrate) consists in mixing carefully ground limestone or dolomite with a melt of ammonium nitrate, after which the finished mixture undergoes an additional granulation procedure in screw granulators or granulation towers.

In the role of inhibitors in the process of industrial production of calcium nitrate, sulfuric acid, ammonium, magnesium, calcium and iron sulfates, some silicofluorides and phosphates, as well as diammonium are additionally involved, in different doses. Very often, instead of traditional limestone, ground dolomite is used as an ingredient for the production of lime nitrate. In practice, this leads to a reduction in nitrogen loss after fertilization into the soil. In such cases, it is more correct to call the finished product not lime nitrate, but dolomite.

Buy IAS at a wholesale price

KhimAgroProm LLC has been a wholesale supplier of mineral fertilizers since 2008. Sales of lime - ammonium nitrate are produced from the plant on the condition of delivery by Russian Railways cars and our own to the consignees' stations, as well as by our own vehicles to storage depots.

In order to meet the demand of small peasant farms and agricultural cooperatives, we also ship various brands of mineral fertilizers in modular wagons.

The selling wholesale price for lime - ammonium nitrate varies from year to year, as a rule, not significantly. The most noticeable increase in the cost takes place in the spring at the pre-sowing and sowing time. Seasonal demand, purchasing tonnage and the competitive environment in the delivery area mainly determine the final price of limestone nitrate.

Commercial offers in which the current, market price for lime nitrate is calculated with delivery and packaging

Chemical properties

Lime - ammonium nitrate (IAS) is known for its complex effect on crops. Each of the fertilizer components present in the composition separately and the whole complex as a whole contribute to an increase in the green mass of plants and help to significantly increase crop yields. In particular, among the main three elements:

Nitrogen (about 27%) is a component of many active biological compounds that have a beneficial effect on plant growth;

Calcium (about 4%) contributes to better solubility of fertilizer elements in soil solutions, which simplifies the process of absorption of nutrients by plants;

Magnesium (2%) enhances the ability of plants to absorb phosphorus and is involved in photosynthesis.

In addition, the presence of calcium and magnesium in the nitrogen fertilizer IAS increases the strength of the connection of plant cells and the thickness of their walls. The effect of these components on the explosion and fire hazard of fertilizer has already been mentioned somewhat above.

Physical - chemical composition

The name of indicators	Norm
Mass fraction of total nitrogen, in terms of dry matter,%
Ammonium nitrogen, %
Nitrate nitrogen, %
Mass fraction of calcium carbonate, %
Mass fraction of water, %
Mass fraction of calcium nitrate, %

Application

Like other types of nitrogen fertilizers, IAS is versatile and suitable for fertilizing many crops. Especially good fertilizer manifests itself in working with cereals and oilseeds, garden plants, various vegetables and berries.

Almost all types of soils are suitable for the application of IAS, but the best effect of application is observed on acidic and alkaline, as well as sandy and sandy soils, where calcium and magnesium carbonates contained in the fertilizer can fully reveal their beneficial properties.

There are several ways to make lime - ammonium nitrate. Among the most popular are incorporation into the soil by harrowing or the belt method used for vegetable crops. IAS is also used as top dressing, which is typical for fertilizing sunflower crops or, for example, spring cereals.

Active use of lime - ammonium nitrate also found in the necessary proportion of nutrients.

Material prepared by: Nadezhda Zimina, gardener with 24 years of experience, process engineer

Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3, other names are ammonium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, ammonium salt of nitric acid). The main active ingredient is nitrogen. It is contained in the composition of the fertilizer from 26% (low grades) to 34.4% (high grades). The second macroelement of classic ammonium nitrate is sulfur, which in this agrochemical contains from 3 to 14%.

Ammonium nitrate, along with - an ideal top dressing for spring use. At the start of their development, plants do not hesitate to consume nitrogen in huge doses, and in tandem with sulfur, this element is especially good and quickly absorbed. This property explains its presence in the composition of the agrochemical, because sulfur itself is not the most nutrient for plant organisms.

Physiologically, it is an acid fertilizer, which, at the same time, does not acidify the soil with a normal pH reaction. But if ammonium nitrate is used on acidic soils, then calcium carbonate must be added in parallel, in a proportion of 0.75 g per 1 g of saltpeter.

Ammonium nitrate is needed, first of all, for the active saturation of plants with nitrogen. This is its main task, which is helped to solve the macro- and microelements additionally included in the composition.

Issue price

Ammonium nitrate is a very economical agrochemical. Its price is about 20-25 rubles per kg. If we take into account that the application rate of this mineral top dressing is, on average, about 10-20 g / m2, then for one hundred square meters (100 square meters), you need to spend only 1 kg of fertilizer.

Even considering that the use of ammonium nitrate is not very rational without other mineral fertilizers, it is very beneficial to fertilize it.

You can buy ammonium nitrate both in bulk and in packaged form. Very often in stores selling goods for gardeners, you can find its varieties with various additives. They have a narrower application, but at the same time, they solve specific problems better than the main fertilizer with a wide range of uses.

Types of ammonium nitrate

Almost always, this fertilizer is produced with the use of additives of various elements. The presence of such a large assortment is explained by the wide geography of the use of ammonium nitrate, and an attempt to adapt to the needs of agriculture in various climatic zones.

Ammonia simple. This view was developed very first. The main idea underlying it is to provide agricultural crops with powerful nitrogen nutrition. The use of ammonium nitrate in the agro-industrial complexes of different countries has repeatedly confirmed its high efficiency as an optimal starting fertilizer for most plants cultivated in the middle lane. This type of saltpeter can be balanced to replace another popular mineral supplement - carbamide (urea).
Ammonia, grade B. It is divided into varieties, the first and second. Great for use and storage at home. Sold in stores for gardeners, and has a convenient packaging, from 1 kg. Why would she need it at home? For flowers that are sick after the winter spent on the windowsill, for the primary feeding of seedlings, which, under conditions of short daylight hours, nitrogen is vital.
Ammonia-potassium (K2NO3). People call it "Indian saltpeter". This species is especially effective for early spring feeding of fruit trees. It is also ideal for pre-sowing application, and subsequent top dressing for tomatoes, because potassium improves the taste of the fruit.
Lime-ammonia (Norwegian nitrate). There is a simple and granular. Contains calcium. Its production is regulated by TU 2181-001-77381580-2006. The composition of this agrochemical, in addition to the main one, includes additional substances - potassium, calcium and magnesium.
Lime-ammonium nitrate is characterized by high strength of granules, does not cake during storage. It is alarming that it is treated with fuel oil, and this fraction lives in the soil for a very long time, causing quite significant harm to it.

Lime-ammonia grade is used to fertilize almost all crops. Does not increase soil acidity, is well absorbed. The main advantage is safety - lime-ammonium nitrate does not explode, and therefore it can be transported by any means of transport.

Magnesium nitrate-aqueous (magnesium nitrate). The formula of this substance looks like this: Mg (NO3) 2 - H2O. Used for vegetables and legumes as an additional source of magnesium.
calcium. Available in both dry and liquid form, which does not need to be diluted. It is called "Ammoniazed Calcium Nitrate Solution".
Porous ammonium nitrate (TU 2143-635-00209023-99). But this species has never been a fertilizer, and is a great danger. It was originally used only to create explosives.

Application against plant diseases

Why is ammonium nitrate so widespread in industrial agriculture? He not only nourishes the soil with essential macronutrients, but also protects plants from a host of diseases strengthening their immunity.

This property is especially relevant in case of intensive exploitation of the land or cultivation of crops from the same class on the same plot every year (non-compliance with crop rotation). For example, for potatoes in small summer cottages, many gardeners allocate the same piece of land every year. And then they wonder why the tubers still in the soil begin to rot. This problem is familiar to many - you dig in an outwardly healthy bush, and the potatoes are half rotten and smell bad.

Long-term permanent cultivation of this crop in one place leads to the accumulation of pathogenic fungi in the upper layers of the soil in huge quantities. The harvest is declining. To improve the soil, it is treated with various disinfectants (the most accessible solution is potassium permanganate), and ammonium nitrate is added under spring plowing, which helps strengthen the plant's immunity from the very first leaves. Physiologically healthy cultures deprive the fungi of their "home", the body rejects foreign microspores.

Application rates

The amount of fertilizer used during sowing application directly depends on the quality of the soil. If it is necessary to feed an already cultivated piece of land, then it is enough to use about 20-30 g / m. sq. If we feed depleted and low-nutrient lands, then the consumption rate increases to 35-50 g/m. sq.

Ammonium nitrate can be used as top dressing when planting seedlings. It strengthens young plants, nourishes them with essential macronutrients, and protects against various diseases. This fat is used for transplanting peppers, melons, and also for tomatoes, at the rate of 1 tbsp. a spoon without a slide under 1 bush.

For subsequent feeding of various cultivated plants, the following consumption rates are recommended:

Vegetables - 5-10 g / m. sq. It is applied twice during the growing season, in June, before flowering, and in July, after fruit set.
Root crops - 5–7 g / m2. It is recommended to make shallow grooves between the rows, and pour ammonium nitrate granules there, deepening them into the ground by 2–3 cm. They are fed once, 3 weeks after germination.
Fruit trees - 15-20 g / sq.m. In dry form, ammonium nitrate is used for top dressing once, at the beginning of the season, when leaves appear, and the solution is fed two to three times during the summer, under the root. This method helps to quickly bring nutrients to the roots of the plant, so it is preferable. The solution is prepared in such a proportion - 25-30 gr. must be diluted in 10 liters of water.

Dissolving ammonium nitrate, unlike many mineral fertilizers, is not difficult, and the diffusion process begins already at 0 ° C.

Are there nitrates in ammonium nitrate?

Yes, it is a nitrate fertilizer. Among a wide range of inhabitants, there is an opinion that nitrates are very harmful, and they appear in agricultural products when mineral fertilizers are used for its cultivation.

And that's right. But, not 100%. As always, lack of awareness breeds mass delusion. The fact is that organic fertilizers, for example, familiar manure and compost, can also oversaturate vegetables and fruits with nitrates even in the garden. They also contain nitrogen, and if they are used excessively, the harm will be noticeable, plant products will receive a powerful filling of nitrates.

Therefore, when applying all types of dressings, both natural and mineral, it is necessary to observe the recommended application rates. And in order for nitrates not to accumulate in fruits, root crops and berries, it is necessary to stop using any top dressing two weeks before harvest.

Production, formula

To make ammonium nitrate, ammonia and concentrated nitric acid are used. The formula looks like this:

NH3+HNO3→NH4NO3+Q

An isothermal reaction proceeds with a large amount of heat released. Excess water is evaporated, and the process of obtaining the substance ends with its drying.

At the production stage, ammonium nitrate is enriched with various elements - calcium, potassium, magnesium, to obtain different varieties.

In principle, the process of obtaining this substance is quite simple, so much so that you can even make this fertilizer at home. But this is completely impractical, since it is much cheaper to buy it, the price is low.

Storage

Since the main element of ammonium nitrate is nitrogen, if stored improperly, it can evaporate, significantly weakening the nutritional properties of this agrochemical.

When the temperature regime changes, the fertilizer recrystallizes, forming sparingly soluble granules. Therefore, during storage, it is necessary to protect it from sudden temperature fluctuations.

The ammonium salt of nitric acid is dangerous. It can cause great harm if the storage conditions recommended in the instructions for use are not observed. The fact is that this fertilizer is explosive. If heated above 32.3 °C, it may explode. Therefore, in the summer, it must be stored under sheds, or in cool, well-ventilated rooms, and the temperature of the fraction should be monitored.

Video: "explosive" properties of the AC - making a smoke bomb

Fertilizer ammonium nitrate is used as the main means, and as a top dressing of plants. Refers to substances with high water solubility and concentration. The main advantage over others is that it contains nitrogen in ammonium and nitrate form in equal proportions. But since ammonium nitrate is an explosive substance, to eliminate this quality, lime-ammonium nitrate is produced.

Use this fertilizer taking into account climatic conditions. If it often rains, then natural leaching occurs, so the main application should be made with a deepening in the ground. In the future, the feeding method is used. In persistently dry weather (no precipitation), it can be applied in the fall.

Characteristics and chemical formulas

Lime-ammonium nitrate is a mechanical mixture of ammonium nitrate and limestone (dolomite). A granular substance containing the following useful elements: nitrogen (28%), nitrogen in the nitrate form (14%), calcium and magnesium oxides (4 and 2%) and a very small (1.5%) proportion of water. Flowability - 100%.

Chemical formulas:

ammonia - NH4N03;
lime-ammonia - NH 4 NO 3 + CaCO 3.

Purposes of application

Lime-ammonium nitrate increases the metabolism in plants, especially during the growth period during the formation of stems and leaves. Improves the ability of plants to form chlorophyll (when the leaves of plants turn pale and turn yellow, this is the first sign of its deficiency). Promotes active development of roots (in the formation of root hairs). Increases activity in redox processes. Regulates soil acidity.

Application process

Instructions for use of ammonium nitrate is quite simple.

Lime-ammonium nitrate will show all its useful qualities under the following conditions:

placement directly at the root system;
application before the main tillage (or together with it);
top dressing, in accordance with the needs of crops in a specific period of growth, development and fruit formation.

Ammonium nitrate is used both in the main (direct) soil fertilization and in the form of dressings.

Basic application rates:

20–30 g/m2, in annually fertilized areas.
35–50 g/m 2 , on depleted soils, or those that are just beginning to develop.

Application rates for top dressing.

Features of the use of ammonium (lime-ammonia) nitrate. Lime-ammonium nitrate See what "Lime nitrate" is in other dictionaries

Ammonium nitrate description and composition of the fertilizer

Types of ammonium nitrate

How to properly apply ammonium nitrate in the garden (when and how to apply, what can and cannot be fertilized)

Advantages and disadvantages of using ammonium nitrate in the country

The use of saltpeter

see also

See what "Lime saltpeter" is in other dictionaries:

Production

Buy IAS at a wholesale price

Chemical properties

Physical - chemical composition

Application

Issue price

Types of ammonium nitrate

Application against plant diseases

Application rates

Are there nitrates in ammonium nitrate?

Production, formula

Storage

Video: "explosive" properties of the AC - making a smoke bomb

Characteristics and chemical formulas

Purposes of application

Application process