Mikhail Bulgakov: death and illness. Mikhail Bulgakov: "There is one decent type of death - from firearms. But I have it, unfortunately, there is no" true that Bulgakov died

Topics Mikhail Bulgakov - remember the scientific work with the definition of traces of morphine and nephrosclerosis markers? Now we are in two posts we present you a clinical picture of the disease and the death of the Great Writer. And we will be relying on a wonderful article L.I. The butler "The disease and death of the master (about Mikhail Bulgakov's disease)", published in the April issue of the Clinical Nephrology magazine for 2010.

In 1932, Writer Mikhail Bulgakov warned his new parent Elena Sergeevna: " Keep in mind, I will die very hard, - give me an oath that you will not give me to the hospital, and I will die in your hands».

Bulgakov with his wife Elena

Eight years left before the death of the writer, for which he finishes and almost finished the great work of the "Master and Margarita", in which there will also be hints for a sudden death (remember Sokova's buffetber: "... He will die across nine months, in February of next year, From liver cancer in the first MSU clinic, in the fourth ward. ") ...

For six months with the appearance of the first symptoms, the disease developed to painful, cruel death: in the last three weeks, blinds, was exhausted by terrible pains and stopped editing the novel. What is the disease so cruelly dealt with the writer? Moreover, he regularly passed the surveys, not found any somatic pathologies. Nevertheless, the neurotic disorders have already been observed.

So, in the archive MA Bulgakova found medical blank with medical conclusion:

"05/22/1934. Number me installed that M.A. Bulgakova has a sharp exhaustion nervous system With phenomena of psychos, as a result, he prescribed peace, bed regime and drug treatment.
Tov. Bulgakov will be able to proceed to work in 4-5 days. Alexey Lucianovich Iverov. Doctor of Moscow Art Theater. "

Elena Sergeyevna Bulgakov in diaries 1934 is mentioned about such neurotic states and attempts to treat their treatment.

"We left Leningrad to Leningrad, they were treated there from Dr. Polon's electric."

"October 13th. U M.A. bad with nerves. Fear of space, loneliness. Thinks, do not refer to hypnosis? "

"The 20th of October. MA I phoned with Andrei Andreevich (A.A. Rent. - LD) for a date with Dr. Berg. MA I decided to treat hypnosis from my fears. "

"November 19. After hypnosis at MA Starts are starting to disappear, the mood is smooth, cheerful and good performance. Now - if he could still walk one street. "

"November 22. At ten o'clock in the evening, MA Rose, dressed and went alone to Leontiev. For half a year he did not go alone. "

In letters to Vine Vienie Veresayev, also a doctor by profession (remember His "notes of the doctor", Bulgakov recognized: "I became sick, Vikenity Vikentyevich. Symptoms will not be transferred, I will not say that business letters Stop answering. And it happens often a poisonous thought - did I really do my circle? The disease declared itself extremely unpleasant sensations of "darkest anxiety", "complete hopelessness, neurasthenic fears".

Vikenty Veresaev

"Somomak" was denoted in September 1939.

It was from that time that his illness was led by the Bulgakov himself, which was told by his wife who wrote his words in the diary 11.02.1940 (a month before death): "... for the first time for all five months of illness, I am happy ... I lie ... peace, you are with me ... this is happiness ...".

In September 1939, after serious for him stressful situation (a review of a writer who sent on a business trip to work on the play about Stalin) Bulgakov decides to leave for a holiday in Leningrad. He writes a corresponding application to the Directorate Big Theaterwhere worked as a repertoire consultant. And on the first day of stay in Leningrad, walking with his wife on Nevsky Prospect, Bulgakov felt suddenly that he did not distinguish inscriptions on signs.

Such a situation once had already in Moscow - before a trip to Leningrad, which the writer told his sister, Elena Afanasyevna: "On the first noticed loss of vision - for a moment (sat, talked with the same lady, and suddenly she felt like a cloud - stopped seeing it). Decided that it is by chance, the nerves of the shalyat, nervous overwork ".

Alarmed by a repeated episode of vision loss, the writer returns to the Astoria Hotel. The search for an eyepiece doctor starts urgently, and on September 12, Bulgakov examines the Leningrad Professor N.I. Andogsky:

"Visual acuity: Ave. Eye - 0.5; Left - 0.8. Pressure phenomena. The phenomena of inflammation of the visual nerves in both eyes with the participation of the surrounding retina: in the left - slightly, in the right - more significantly. The vessels are significantly expanded and sorrow.

Points for classes: PR. + 2.75 D; a lion. +1.75 D.
Sol.Calcii Chlorati Cristillisiti 5% -200.0. 1 tbsp. l. 3 times in
day.
09/12/1939. Prof. N.I. Andogsky, Prospect of Volodarsky,
10, square. eight".

Professor tells him: "Your business is bad." Bulgakov, the doctor himself, understands that it is still worse: about 40 years old that the illness began the life of his father in 1907. He returns from vacation ahead of timeSeptember 15, 1939.

At first - the inspections of the eyepiece.

09/28/1939. Okulist: "Bilateral Neuritis Optici on the left eye is less without hemorrhages and white foci, on the right of the phenomenon are pronounced: there are separate hemorrhages and white foci V.OD approximately without glasses about 0.2. V.OS is greater than 0.2. The field of view during the study by the hands is not expanded.

09/30/1939. "The study will be repeated with the study of visual acuity by tables. Leeches can be repeated. In the eye twice a day Pilocarpine and Dionin. Prof. Fears.

09/30/1939. Re-inspection of the eyepiece: "Neuritis Optici with hemorrhages."

As can be seen, there are changes characteristic of serious arterial hypertension on the eye, about which Bulgakov has no mention in the existing events affordable materials. For the first time about true digits of hell at the writer, we will only learn after the appearance of eye symptoms.

"09/20/1939. Polyclinic Naroscope of the USSR (Gagarinsky Pr-T, 37). Bulgakov MA Blood pressure on short mahim. -205 / minim. 120 mm. " The next day, 09/21/1939, a home visit of Dr. Zakharova was held, which will now be supervised. Bulgakov before his last days. The acquisition order is discharged (12 rubles. 50 kopecks) and the recipe for the purchase of 6 leeches (5 rubles. 40 kopecks).

A little later, very disturbing results gives an analysis (s) of the blood:

"Study No. 47445.46 patient MA Bulgakov dated 09/25/1939
The amount of residual nitrogen in the blood according to the assembly method - 81.6 mg% (norm - 20-40 mg%). The reaction to the Indican according to the gas method gave traces.
02.10.1939. K-in residual nitrogen according to the assembly method - 64, 8 mg% (norm - 20-40 mg%). The ration to the Indican is negative.
09.10.1939. Residual nitrogen 43.2 mg% (norm - 20-40 mg%) Indican - negative. "

The diagnosis becomes clear: chronic renal failure. Bulgakov himself puts him too. In a letter from 10.1939 to the Kiev friend, Gshesin Bulgakov himself voicates the nature of his disease: "Here is my turn, I have a kidney disease, complicated by vision disorder. I'm lying, deprived of the opportunity to read, write and see the light ... "" Well, what do you say? Left eye gave significant signs of improvement. Now, however, the flu has appeared on my road, but it will take away, without spiruding anything ... "

Professor Miron Semenovich Monsov, an authoritative clinician, one of the consultants of the Kremlin's Hermitage Consultants, which has experience in the field of kidney pathology, the author who came out afterwards the monograph of the Disease of the Vocalization Bodies, confirmed the diagnosis, and, saying goodbye, said the wife of the writer that Gives him only three days of life. Bulgakov lived for another six months.

Mikhail Monsoh.

The state of Bulgakov was steadily deteriorated. According to the existing selection of recipes, you can assume the presence of leading clinical symptoms and their dynamics. The analgesic drugs continued to be discharged due to headaches - most often in the form of a combination of pyramidone, a fenacetine, caffeine, sometimes together with luminal. The injections of Malokise Magnesia, leeches and bloodletting were the main means of treating arterial hypertension. So, in one of the records in the diary E.S. Bulgakova find: "09.10.1939. Yesterday a large bloodletting - 780 g, strong headache. This afternoon is somewhat easier, but you have to take powders. "

The Union of Writers of the USSR accepts as far as the colleagues in the fate of colleagues. Bulgakov visits the house of the chairman of the Writers' Union Alexander Fadeev, about which we find an entry in the diaries E.S.: "October 18. Today, two calls are interesting. The first - from Fadeev that he will come tomorrow to visit ... ". By decision of the Writers' Union, it turns out to be financial assistance in the amount of 5000
rub. In November 1939, at a meeting of the Union of Writers of the USSR, the question of the direction of Bulgakov and his wife to the Government Sanatorium "Barvikha" is considered.

Alexander Fadeev

Causes some surprise itself the fact of the direction of the patient with severe, practically terminal renal failure for sanatorium treatment. It is possible that it was just a "merciful" action from power structuresThe voiced joint venture of the USSR in relation to the patient writer as it were, as it were, in the sign of loyalty and care for him. After all, for a patient with a CPN sanatorium - this is not the most
suitable stay for treatment. In December 1939, three months before death, Bulgakov did not apply to the category of "sanatorium patients." That is why, at his request, supported by the Union of Writers, his wife was sent to the sanatorium.

The main method of treatment of Bulgakov there was carefully developed dietary events, as writer writes from the sanatorium sister Elena Afanasyevna:

"Barvikha. 3.12.1939
Dear Lelia!

Here you have news about me. A significant improvement was found in the left eye. The right eye behind him is lagging behind, but also trying to do something good ... According to the doctors, it turns out that the improvement in the eyes, it means there is an improvement in the process of kidneys. And if so, then I hope it is born that this time I will leave from the old woman with a scythe ... Now I had a little rest in bed with the flu, and I have already started going out and was in the forest for walks. And significantly fastened ... Treat me carefully and mostly specially selected and combined diet. Mostly vegetables in all kinds and fruits ... ".

In these rows, the writer still still keeps faith in improving its condition and the ability to return to literary activities.

Unfortunately, the hopes of hopes (if those are generally imposed on) to the "sanatorium" writer Bulgakov were not justified. Returning from the sanatorium "Barvikha" in the oppressed state, without feeling almost no improvement and realizing his tragic position, Bulgakov writes in December 1939 by his long-time friend a doctrine Alexander Skinshinsky in Kiev:

"... Well, I returned from the sanatorium. What about me? .. if frankly and in secret to tell you, sucks me the thought that I returned to die. It does not suit me for one reason: painfully, cannight and went. As you know, there is one decent type of death - from firearms, but I unfortunately not available. Frequently talking about the disease: I have a felt struggle of signs of life and death. In particular, on the side of life - an improvement in vision. But quite about the disease! I can only add one thing: by the end of life I had to go through another disappointment - in the therapists' doctors. I can't call them murderers, it would be too cruel, but touring, haliters and flavors willingly challenge. There are exceptions, of course, but as they are rare! Yes, and that these exceptions can help if, say, from such ailments, as mine, allopaths not only have no means, but they also cannot recognize themselves.
It will take time, and over our therapists will laugh as over Moliere doctors. Surgeons, Okulists, dentists do not apply. For the better of doctors, Elena Sergeyevna, too. But she can't handle alone, so he accepted a new faith and moved to homeopath. And most of all and will help us with all the patients - God!<...>”.

The condition continued to deteriorate:

From Diary E.S. Bulgiac: "January 24th. Bad day. Misha has an incessant headache. Accepted four reinforced powder - did not help. Applying nausea. Called for tomorrow morning Uncle Misha - Pokrovsky (Uncle M.A. Bulgakov for Mother, doctor. - LD). And now - eleven o'clock in the evening - called Zakharov. Having learned about the state of Misha, came to us - will come in 20 minutes. "

02/03/1940. Bulgakova consults Professor Vladimir Nikitich Vinogradov, personal doctor I.V. Stalin, subsequently almost died in the "case of doctors". We give recommendations prof. V.N. Vinogradova:

"one. The mode is a waste at 12 o'clock in the morning.
2. Diet - milk-vegetable.
3. Drink no more than 5 glasses per day.
4 Papaverin powders and others. 3 p / day.
5. (sister) injections Myol / + Spasmol GJ 1.0 each.
6. Daily foot baths with mustard 1 Art. l.,
10 pm.
7 at night medicine with chloralhydrate, 11 hours
evenings.
8. Eye drops in the morning and in the evening. "

Vladimir Vinogradov

This is how patients with chronic renal failure are only three-quarters of the century ago! The presented recommendations reflect the ideas of the doctors of the time about the signation of patients with chronic renal failure, but today they have no more than historical interest.

Sergey Ermolinsky

About the last days of the dying writer so recalled friend Bulgakov, director and screenwriter Sergey Yermolinsky:

"These were the days of silent moral suffering. Words slowly died in it ... Ordinary doses of sleeping pills stopped acting.

And there were long recipes, made by cabbalistic latinism. According to these recipes, excefering all relying standards, they stopped letting the medicine to our envies: poison. I had to go to the pharmacy herself to explain what's the matter.<...> I rose to the hall, asked the head. He remembered Bulgakov, his thorough client, and, feeding me a medicine, shook his head sadly.<...> Nothing could help.
Its whole organism was poisoned ... ... he is blind. When I leaned over to him, he fell his face with his hands and recognized me. Lena (Elena Sergeyevna. - LD) He recognized the steps, barely only she appeared
in the room. Bulgakov lay on the bed naked, in one loyal bandage (even the sheets hurt him), and suddenly asked me: "I look like Christ? .." His body was dry. He looked very much ... "(recording 1964-1965).

His diaries, held for 7 years, E.S. Bulgakova finishes with the last sigh of Mikhail Afanasyevich: "03/10/1940. 16 hours. Misha died. "

To be continued.

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Mikhail Bulgakov is a Russian writer, playwright, director and actor. His works were the classics of Russian literature.

The world fame brought to him "Master and Margarita", which was repeatedly shielded in many countries.

When Bulgakov was at the peak of popularity, the Soviet power banned the plays in theaters, as well as publish his works.

Brief biography Bulgakov

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov was born on May 3, 1891. In addition to him, in the Bulgak family there were still six children: 2 boys and 4 girls.

His father, Athanasius Ivanovich, was a professor at the Kiev Great Academy.

Mother, Varvara Mikhailovna, worked as a teacher in the women's gymnasium for some time.

Childhood and youth

When in the family of Bulgakov began one after another, children were born, the mother had to leave work and their upbringing.

Since Mikhail was the most eldest child, he had often nursing brothers and sisters. This undoubtedly affected the formation of the personality of the future writer.

Education

When Bulgakov turned 18 years old, he graduated from the first Kiev gymnasium. Follow educational institution In his biography there was a Kiev University in which he studied at the medical faculty.

He wanted to become a doctor in many ways because this profession was well paid.

By the way, in Russian literature to Bulgakov there was an example of an outstanding writer, who, being on the formation of a doctor, all his life enjoyed medicine: it is.

After receiving the diploma of Bulgakov filed a petition about passing military service On the fleet, as a doctor.

However, he failed to pass a medical examination. As a result, he asked him to be sent to the Red Cross to work in the hospital.

In the midst of the First World War (1914-1918), he treated the soldiers near the front-line zone.

After a couple of years, he returned to Kiev, where he began to work by a venereologist.

Interestingly, during this period of biography, he began to use morphine, which helped him get rid of pain caused by the antidifteric drug.

As a result, throughout the subsequent life of the Bulgakov will be painfully dependent on this drug.

Creative activity

In the early 20s, Mikhail Afanasyevich comes to. There he begins to write different feuilleons, and in a short time it takes for the plays.

Later, he becomes theater director of Mkhat and the Central Theater of Working Youth.

The first work of Bulgakov was the poem "Chichikov's adventure", which he wrote aged 31 years. Then a few more stories came from under his feather.

After that, he writes a fantastic story "Fat Eggs", which was positively perceived by critics and caused great interest among readers.

dog's heart

In 1925, Bulgakov publishes the book " dog's heart"In which the ideas of the" Russian Revolution "and" Awakening "of the Social Consciousness of the proletariat are intertwined.

According to literature, the story of Bulgakov is a political satire, where every hero is a prototype of a political figure.

Master and Margarita

Having received recognition and popularity in society, Bulgakov began writing the main novel in his biography - "Master and Margarita".

He wrote it for 12 years, up to death. Interesting the fact that the book was printed only in the 60s, and then not completely.

In final form, it was published in 1990, a year before.

It is worth noting that many works of Bulgakov were printed only after his death, since they did not miss censorship.

Grass Bulgakov

By 1930, the writer began to expose increasing injury from the Soviet officials.

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Mikhail Bulgakov was born on May 15, 1891 in large family Professor of the Kiev Spiritual Academy Athanasius and Barbara Mikhailovna Bulgakov. Mikhail was eldest of seven children - he had four more sisters and two brothers.

Start

As Mikhail himself admitted, his youth was "careful" in the beautiful city in Dniprovsky Circular, about the comfort of a noisy and warm native nest on Andreevsky descent, shining prospects for future free and wonderful life.

Mom brought up children with a solid hand, never doubting that there is good, and what is evil. Father transferred their hardworking and love for children. In the Bulgakov family reigned "authority of knowledge and contempt for ignorance."

When Mikhail was 16, his father died of kidney disease. Soon after, Mikhail entered medical faculty Kiev University. The arguments that influenced the medicine were independent of future activities and interest in the "man's device", as well as the opportunity to help him.

Being in the second year, Mikhail married, contrary to the will of the mother marries young Tatiana Lappa, who had just graduated from the gymnasium.

Field doctor

Mikhail did not agree because of the beginning of the First World War. In the spring of 1916, he voluntarily went to work into one of the Kiev hospitals. As a military doctor, he had a saturated combat past and a considerable front experience. And in the fall of the same year, Bulgakov already as a doctor received the first appointment - to a small land hospital in Smolensk province.

Morphist

Refusal of medical practice

At the end of February 1919, Bulgakov mobilized to the Ukrainian army, and in August 1919 he already served as a militaryormist in the Red Army. In October of the same year, Mikhail moved to the army Southern Russia, where he served as a doctor in the Cossack shelf and fought in the North Caucasus.

By the way, the fact that Bulgakov remained in Russia was only a consequence of the circumstances: he lay in typhoid fever, when the white army and sympathetic to her left the country.

By recovery, Mikhail Bulgakov left medicine and began to cooperate with newspapers. One of the first of his journalistic articles is called "future prospects", in which the author who does not hovering the adherence of a white idea will propheted Russia's long lag from the West.

Later, these works were published as the "Unusual Adventures of the Doctor", "Notes on Cuffs", "Deviliada", "Fat Eggs", "Dog's Heart" and others.

At this time, he divorces his first wife Tatiana and marries Belozerskaya's love (the couple met in 1924 at the evening, the ever "Evening" in honor of the writer Alexei Nikolayevich Tolstoy, got married on April 30, 1925).

"Master and Margarita"

The most famous novel of the writer, who brought him posthumous world glory, was devoted to the beloved writer Elena Sergeyevna Shilovskaya.

Roman initially conceived as the apocryphal "Gospel of the Devil", and the future capital heroes were absent in the first editions of the text. Over the years, the initial idea has become more complicated, transformed, having fought the fate of the writer himself.

Later in the novel entered a woman who became his third wife - Elena Shilovskaya. They met in 1929, and got married in three years - in 1932.

Mikhail Bulgakov builds "Master and Margarita" as a "novel in the novel." Its action unfolds in two times: in Moscow, the 1930s, where he appears to arrange the traditional spring ball full moon, Satan, and in the ancient city of Yershalayim, in which the court of the Roman procurator of Pilate over the "Stray Philosopher" of Yeshua. Binds both the plot contemporary and historical author of the novel about Pontius Pilate Master.

Last years

For 1929-1930, not a single play of Bulgakov was not supplied, it did not appear in printing a single line. The writer appealed to Stalin to Stalin asking him to leave the country or give the opportunity to make a living. After that he worked in MCAT and the Bolshoi Theater.

In 1939, Bulgakov worked on the Libretto "Rashel", as well as over the play about Stalin ("Batum"). The play was approved by Stalin, but, contrary to the expectations of the writer, it was forbidden to printed and setting.

At this time, the state of the health of Bulgakov deteriorates sharply. Doctors diagnose him hypertensive nephrotonosis. The writer continues to use morphine, registered in 1924, in order to relieve pain symptoms.

From February 1940, friends and relatives are constantly on duty at Bulgakov's bed, and on March 10, 1940 he died.

In Moscow, rumors crawled around that the writer's disease was caused by its occult classes - carried away by all sorts of damn, Bulgakov paid for this with his health, and his early death was a consequence of Bulgakov's intercourse with unclean power.

Another version read that in last years Bulgakov's life was addicted to drugs again, and those brought him to the grave. The official cause of the death of the writer was called hypertensive nephrolerosis.

Civilian Panhid on the writer passed on March 11 in the building of the Union Soviet writers. On his grave, at the request of his wife Bulgakova, a stone washed, called "Calval", who had previously lay on the grave of Nikolai Gogol.

Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov became one of the most readable, discussed and recalled authors of the XX century. His creativity, personal life and even death are complemented by secrets and legends, and the Master and Margarita Roman entered the name of His creator with gold letters in the Annala of Russian and World Literature. But the secrets always enveloped his person, and the question is: "Why did Bulgakov make a posthumous mask?" So it was not fully revealed.

Hard way

Now the name Bulgakov is heard, but there was a time when his works were not published, and he himself was under thorough observation of the authorities and frantic adherents of the party. It is simultaneously annoyed, and frustrated the writer, because I had to constantly be on the check, so as not to give a reason for the jurisdiction of conversations and claims. Bulgakov's life has never been simple - neither during the work by a doctor or as an author of theatrical plays, nor as a novelist. But the last imprint is the posthumous mask of Bulgakov - it suggests that the highest society, and first of all the power, appreciated his talent.

Personal life

Mikhail Afanasyevich was born on May 3, 1891 in Kiev in the family of a teacher of the Kiev Spiritual Academy. He was the oldest child. In addition to him, the parents had two brothers and four sisters. When the boy was seven, his father was running down with nephrosclerosis and soon died.

Mikhail received secondary education in the best Kiev gymnasium, but was not particularly diligent. This did not prevent the young man to enter the Medical Faculty of Imperial University. Just at that moment the war began 1914-1918, and education took place in military field conditions. At the same time, he meets his future wife, Tatyana Lappa, a fifteen years old girl who has a big hopes. They did not postpone all in a long box, and when Bulgakov was in the second year, got married.

World War I

This historical event did not make a split in the size of the young couple. They all did together. Tatiana traveled for her husband in frontal hospitals, organized sorting and assistance points for victims, actively participated in the work as a nurse and assistant. The diploma of the doctor Bulgakov received, being at the front. In March 1916, the future writer was withdrawn into the rear and was imparted to the institution of medical item. There began his official medical practice. You can read about it in the stories of the "Note of the Young Doctor" and "Morphy".

Digitious addiction

In the summer of 1917, making tracheotomy to a child, patient diphtheria, Mikhail Afanasyevich decided that he could get infected, and the morphine prescribed himself as preventive measures to remove itching and pain. Knowing that the medicine causes severe addiction, he continued to take it and eventually turned into a permanent "patient". His wife Tatiana Lappa did not accept such a state of affairs and together with I. P. Voskresensky was able to relieve the writer from this habit. But with a medical career it was finished, as Morphine was considered an incurable disease. Later, habit already missed, he was able to start private practice. It was by the way, since there were fights in Kiev and suburbs, the power was constantly changing, and a qualified qualified health care. This time is reflected in the "White Guard" novel. There are not only member of his family: sisters, brother, son-in-law.

North Caucasus

In the winter of 1919, Bulgakov again mobilize as a military-bent and sent to Vladikavkaz. There he is equipped, causes his wife a telegram and continues to treat. Participates in military operations, helps the local population, writes stories. Basically describes its "adventures", life in unusual setting. In the 1920s with medicine, it was finished forever. And a new milestone began - journalism and the so-called small genres (stories, stories), which were printed in local North Caucasian newspapers. Bulgakov wanted fame, but his wife did not share his aspirations. Then they began a mutual gap. But when the writer gets sick, the spouse is looking at him, and in the afternoon, and at night sitting near bed. After recovery, I had to get used to the new orders, as Soviet power came to Vladikavkaz.

Heavy period

The twentieth years of the last century were for the family of Bulgakov uneasy. It was necessary to earn a living by hard daily labor. It strongly exhausted the writer, did not let him breathe calmly. During this period, he begins to write "commercial" literature, mostly plays, which he himself did not love and considered unworthy to be called art. Later he ordered them to burn them.

The power of the Soviets has increasingly toughen the regime, not only works, but also random scattered phrases, which collected ill-wishers were exposed to criticism. Naturally, in such conditions, there was difficult to live, and the spouses left first in Batum, and then to Moscow.

Moscow life

The image of Bulgakov, many have been associated with the heroes of his own works, which later proved life itself. Replacing several apartments, Chet stopped at the house at ul. Large garden 10, apartment number 50, percussioned in the most famous novel by the author "Master and Margarita". With work, problems began again, in stores products were issued on cards, and it was extremely difficult to get these cherished pieces of paper.

On February 1, 1922, Bulgakov's mother dies. This event becomes a terrible blow for him, especially offensive for the writer, that even on the funeral to go, he has no opportunity. Two years later, the final gap with LAPPE occurs. By the time of their divorce, Mikhail Afanasyevich had a raw romance with Love Belozerskaya, who became his second wife. She was a ballerina, a woman from the highest light. It was such a Bulgakov that the writer's wife dreamed, but their marriage was short.

Re-reading time

The time of the heyday of Bulgakov's career as a writer and playwright. His plays are put, the viewer meets them favorably, life is being established. But at the same time the writer begins to be interested in the NKVD and is trying to incriminate the disrespect for the current power or that worse. How prohibitions were sprinkled: on performances, to print in the press, on public speeches. Then the launcher came again. In 1926, the writer even cause interrogations. On April 18 of the same year, a famous telephone conversation was held with Stalin, who again changed the life of Bulgakov for the better. He was taken by the director in MCAT.

Nuremberg-Shilovskaya-Bulgakova

It was there, in Mkate, the writer met his third wife, Elena Sergeyevna Shilovskaya. At first they just friendly, but then they realized that they could not live without each other, and decided not to torment anyone. Very long and unpleasant was the gap of Shilovka with his first husband. She had two children, whom the spouses were shared among themselves, and immediately after the Belozerskaya gave Bulgakov divorce, the lovers got married. This woman has become a real support and support for him in the most difficult years of life. While working on the most famous novel and during the period of the disease.

"Master and Margarita" and last years

Work on the central novel completely captured the writer, he paid a lot of attention and strength to her. In 1928, only the idea of \u200b\u200bthe book appeared, in the 1930s came out a draft version, which survived significant transformations necessary for the light to see the text that everyone would probably be by heart. Some pages were rewriting dozens of times, and the last years of Bulgakov's life were engaged by the editing of the finished fragments and putting the "chistoral" version of Elena Sergeevna.

But dramaturgical activity does not idle Bulgakov in the last years. He puts the plays on the works of favorite authors - Gogol and Pushkin, writes "on the table". Alexander Sergeevich was the only poet that the writer loved. And one of those figures with which Bulgakov was lifted by visiting the plan of theatrical work about Stalin, but the Secretary of the Presek these attempts.

On the threshold of death

On September 10, 1939, the writer suddenly disappears. Bulgakov (the cause of the death of his father - Netromblerosis) remembers all the symptoms of this ailment and comes to the conclusion that he has the same disease. Thanks to the efforts of the wife and sanatorium-resort treatment, the manifestation of sclerosis is retreating. This allows you to even return to abandoned work, but not long.

Date of the death of Bulgakov - March 10, 1940, without twenty five afternoon. He walked into the world of another, steeply carrying all suffering and pain. Leaving behind a rich creative heritage. The mystery of the death of Mikhail Bulgakov and was not a secret at all: the complications of Netrocleosa were killed in his as well as the Father. He knew how he would end. Of course, no one could say when it would happen this sad event when the Bulgakov dies. The cause of death was obvious, but how much he can still hold on to life - no.

Panhid and the funeral passed very solemnly. By tradition, a posthumous mask was removed from the writer. Bulgakov was decided to cremate, according to his testament. The comrades of Mikhail Afanasyevich on Peru, colleagues from Mkhat, members of the Writers' Union came to the memorial service. Even Stalin's secretary rang, and after that a large epitaph was published in the "literary newspaper." He was buried at the Novodevichy Cemetery, not far from the grave Chekhov.

If the question is concerned about: "Where is the posthumous mask of Bulgakov?" The answer to him is simple: she went to the same posthumous cast, in the museum. Then such sculptures did only in exceptional cases, which speaks of respect and worship Bulgakov as a talented writer, despite all the difficulties of his life path. There is no writer in the testament, and there could not be a point that the posthumous mask would fit. Bulgakov never occupied idle guise, especially this kind. To capture this particular moment was decided by his colleagues.

Causes of the death of Bulgakov.

His illness opened in the fall of 1939 during a trip to Leningrad. The diagnosis was as follows: a sharp high hypertension, sclerosis of the kidneys. Returning to Moscow, Bulgakov run down to the end of his days.

"I came to him on the very first day after their arrival," recalls a friend of the writer, the playwright Sergey Yermolinsky. "He was unexpectedly calm. He consistently told me everything that will happen to him for six months - how the disease will develop. He called him. Weeks, months, and even numbers, defining all the stages of the disease. I did not believe him, but then everything went like on a schedule, they are intenseed by himself. When he called me, I went to him. Once, raising my eyes on me, he spoke, down The voice and some kind of unusual words to him, as if shy: "Something I wanted to tell you. You understand. As any mortal, it seems to me that there is no death. It is simply impossible to imagine. And it is.

He thought and then said that the spiritual communication with a close person after his death does not pass, on the contrary, it can exacerbate, and it is very important that it happened. Life strengthens his waves, but no longer concerns him. Alone and the same thought, day and night, there is no sleep. Words up view, you can, attending, write them, but it is impossible to stand, and everything, breaking up, is forgotten, disappears. So fly over the tier of the beautiful Satanic witches, as they come in his novel. AND real life turns into a vision, tapping away from everyday life, refuting it with fiction to crush the pursuing and evil.

Almost to the itself last day He worried about his novel, demanded that he was read by something, then another page. It was the days of silent and nothing taken by suffering. Words slowly died in it. The usual doses of sleeping pills have ceased to operate.

Its whole organism was poisoned, every muscle at the slightest movement was unbearable. He shouted, unable to keep the cry. This cry still has in my ears. We carefully turned it out. No matter how hurts him from our touch, he was attached and, even groaned, told me barely audible, one lips: "You do it well." Okay. He is blind.

He lay naked, only with a loined bandage. His body was dry. He looked very much. In the morning, Zhenya came, the eldest son of Lena (the son of Elena Sergeyevna Bulgakova from the first marriage. - A. D.). Bulgakov torn his face and smiled. He did it not only because he loved this dark-haired, very beautiful young man, an adult cold-decorated, - he did it not only for him, but also for Lena. Perhaps this was the last manifestation of his love for her - and gratitude.

March 10 at 4 o'clock in the afternoon he died. For some reason, it always seems to me that it was at dawn. The next morning, and maybe on the same day, time has shifted in my memory, but it seems the next morning - the phone rang. I approached. They spoke from Stalin Secretariat. The voice asked: - Is it true that Comrade Bulgakov died? - Yes, he died. The one who spoke with me put the phone. "

Elena Sergeyevna Elena Sergeyevna should add to the memories of Yermolinsky. She testifies that in the last month of life, he was deepened in his thoughts, looked at the surrounding eyes. And yet, despite the not physical suffering and painful sincere state, he found courage, so that, dying, joke "with the same manner of humor, wit". He continued and work on the novel "Master and Margarita".

Here are the last recordings from the Diary E. S. Bulgakova:

Dictated a page (about the steppe - Yalta).

Work on the novel.

Awful hard day. "Can you get a revolver from Evgeny?"

Said, "All my life despised, that is, I did not despise, but I did not understand. Philemon and Bavda **. And now I understand it is only valuable in life."

To me: "Be courageous."

In the morning, at 11 o'clock. "For the first time for all five months of illness, I am happy. Led. Peace, you are with me. This is happiness. Sergey in the next room."

"Happiness is to lie for a long time. In the apartment. Lovely person. Hear his voice. That's all. The rest is not needed."

At 8 o'clock (Sergey) "be fearless, this is the main thing."

In the morning: "You're all for me, you replaced the whole globe. I saw in a dream that you were on the globe." All the time all day extraordinarily affectionate, gentle, all the time love words - my love. I love you - you will never understand it.

In the morning - the meeting, hugged hard, said so gently, happily, as before before the disease, when they parted at least for a while. Then (after the seplide): die, die. (pause). But death is still terrible. However, I hope that (pause). Today is the last, no penultimate day.

Without date.

Strongly, long, raised: "I love you, I love you, I love you!" - Like spell. I will love you all my life. - My!

"Oh, my gold!" (Per minute of terrible pains - with force). Then separately and with difficulty squeezing the mouth: GO-Lub. Pretty. He recorded when he fell asleep that he remembered. "Go to me, I kiss you and bring you just in case. You were my wife, the best, indispensable, charming. When I heard the knock of your heels. You were the most best woman in the world. My deity, my happiness, my joy. I love you! And if it is destined to live, I will love you all my life. The Kingaisa is mine, my queen, my star, which is always in my earthly life! You loved my things, I wrote them for you. I love you, I adore you! My love, my wife, my life! "Before that:" Did you love me? And then, tell me, my girlfriend, my faithful girlfriend. "

Misha died. "

And another touch. Valentin Kataev, whom Bulgakov disliked and even once publicly called "ass", tells how Bulgakov visited shortly to death. "He (Bulgakov) said in his usual: - I am old and seriously sick. This time he did not joke. He was really sick and how the doctor knew it well. He had a exhausted earthly face. I had a heart. - To my heart Sorry, I can't offer you anything, besides that, "he said, and pulled out a bottle of cold water because of the window. We had chocked and scorn in a sip. He carried his poverty with dignity.

I will die soon, "he said impassively. I began to say what is always spoken in such cases - to convince that he is negative that he is mistaken. "I can even tell you how it will be," he interrupted me, not hearing. "I will lie in a coffin, and when I start to endure, it will happen: since the staircase is narrow, then my coffin will start turning and right angle. He will hit the Romashov's door, which lives below.

Everything happened exactly as he predicted. The corner of his coffin hit the door of the playwright Boris Romashov. "