What is the name of the sports sled. The difference between the skeleton and luge. Luge sport - history of origin and development

Luge is a competition, the essence of which is downhill. The means of transportation are either single or double sleds. Athletes lie with their backs on the sleigh, feet first, and descend from the mountain. Control is carried out due to the movement of the body. That is, by moving the body weight, the athlete can change the direction of movement of the sled.

According to historians, sledding, or rather just sledding, began its existence as early as 800 BC. It happened in the area of ​​the town of Slagen, not far from the Ford Oslo. Back in those days, the Vikings used a sled that was equipped with two runners and was so similar to modern ones.

As a sport, sledding originated in Switzerland. In Davos, in 1879, the first 4 km long track was built, which became the venue for the sledging competition. And literally 4 years later, the very first tournament in this sport was held here.

As the years passed, luge sports gained more and more popularity. And now, the day has come - it happened in 1964, when luge was accepted into the program of the Olympic Games - and the sled became the favorite winter sport of millions.

Luge is one of the most extreme winter sports at the Olympic Games. As mentioned above, this is a descent from the mountain on a single or double sleigh. This descent takes place on an artificial track. The athlete starts in a sitting position, and after pushing off, he lies down and rushes rapidly downward. The sleigh is controlled by shifting the center of gravity of the athlete's body. On the descent, the speed of the sleigh can reach up to 140 km / h, which in itself is not very safe, so athletes need to be extremely careful.

The luge program of the Olympic Games includes individual competitions for women in single sleds only, and for men in single and double sleds. As a rule, competitions are held on the same track, however, in a situation with women and men on a two-seater sled, it is necessary to overcome a shorter distance.

Competitions for men and women on single sleds are usually held within 2 days. Every day, athletes need to complete 2 arrivals. At the end of the competition, the results of all races are added up, and the total result is displayed. The athlete who has the lowest total score and wins.

The men's double sled competition lasts one day and includes 2 races. The winner is usually determined by the sum of two results. The owner of the shortest time becomes a leader. It is believed that only men should take part in the ride on a two-seater sled. However, the rules do not say that the crew must be of the same sex. That is, if a couple consisting of a man and a woman tries to take part in the competition, then, in theory, nothing can hinder her.

And in general, luge, although dangerous, is quite an interesting sight, capable of making even the most phlegmatic fan empathize.

Definition of the sport

Luge is a downhill race on a single or double sled on a pre-prepared track. One of the most extreme Olympic winter sports. Athletes sit on the sleigh on their backs, feet first. The sleigh is controlled by changing the position of the body.

A brief description of the basic principles, features of the sport.

The rules of tobogganing are quite simple - the winner is the athlete who has completed the track in the shortest time. The participant must start within a certain time after the course is cleared. The start is essential to the initial acceleration, giving the successful athlete a significant start in time. The athlete's total time is made up of the results of two or more races.

The weight of the sleigh and its design are regulated. The temperature of the runners must also be within a certain range, depending on the air temperature. There are also restrictions on the weight of athletes and their equipment, including overalls, shoes, helmets and gloves.

Luge competitions are held for singles and couples. Formally, women can compete in pairs, but in fact, almost all paired competitions are held among men. In major tournaments, team competitions are held in which the team consists of a man, a woman and a pair. Competitions on a single sleigh consist of 4 races, on a double sleigh - from two races. Each of these runs is evaluated. The times shown in each race are added up. The winner is the one with the best time in the end.

Brief description of the history of occurrence.

Descending from the mountains on a toboggan - a useless wooden sled common among Canadian Indians - is the progenitor of one of the oldest winter sports. Toboggans were used by the Indians for transporting goods by hand or with the help of dogs, sometimes for skiing from the mountains.

Olympic luge competition

World Naturban Championship

Persons and personalities of the sport of the Russian Federation.

Leonid Gart, President of the Russian Sledging Federation

Sergey Shvidenko, Executive Director of the Russian Sledging Federation

Valery Silakov, First Vice President, Acting head coach of the Russian national luge team

Thematic resources

http://rusluge.ru/ - Sledging Federation of Russia

http://www.fil-luge.org/ - International Luge Federation

http://my-olymp.ru/

http://ws-news.ru/

http://winter-game.com/

http://naturban.ucoz.net/

http://naturbahn.narod.ru/

Sources of

http://www.rusbob.ru/

http://rusluge.ru/

Well, who hasn't sledged as a child! What dashing fun it is - to saddle the sleigh and rush down the mountain along the snow-rolled crust, so that only the eyes shine, but the cheeks turn red. Not only children, but also adults love this winter entertainment, they are happy to wait for the snow season, when it gets cold, and you can go up the hill.

For those who especially fell in love with sledding at school age, the path opens into the world of professional sports, where the same reckless sledders have been competing for fifty years in who will go down the mountain faster. And since the first competitive tobogganing descents from the mountain, more than one hundred and twenty years have passed

Sleighs, as such, appeared so long ago that even history does not remember, because it was before the invention of the wheel. The word "sleigh" is of Slavic origin, because "san" meant a snake, a snake, because it is with a crawl that any sleigh moves. Those sledges were used for transportation, and not only in the snow. The evolution has made a lot of changes with sleds, so today's sports sleds look like a high-tech tool, and for good reason.

The first sports sleds were the prototype of all modern sports types of downhill skiing, and these are luge, bobsleigh and skeleton, they were assembled from wooden elements, and the runners were lined with thin metal bands. The sleds were controlled with the help of a rope "rudder", with which children's sleds are still equipped.

Sleds for modern sports are covered with a fiberglass shell on top, and have clear weight parameters: for singles - 23 kg, for greenhouses - 27 kg. The shape of the sleigh is streamlined, the athlete's bed is made in a shape similar to a shovel, while the body fits in it, very ergonomically, and the handles on the sides of the sleigh are used to control them. The runners are made of metal, and only they must come into contact with the ice. It is to this part of the projectile that each sled has the most reverent attitude, and the alloys from which the blades are made should create the least friction. Their composition is often kept secret. At the top, the runners end with curls in which the sledger places his legs to fix himself on the sled. As you can see, this is really an aerodynamic projectile capable of developing high speed when rolling down an inclined surface, namely more than 140 km / h. Sometimes the car also drives at a lower speed.

The sleigh run is also a very remarkable structure. You can read more about the structure of a toboggan track in the article "",. We can confidently say that this is a high-tech and complex structure, which must be in perfect condition throughout the entire time, because the speeds and loads that an athlete experiences while descending an ice chute are impressive. The overload that occurs at the moment of the greatest acceleration is 5G, that is, the athlete feels as if the body weight has increased by 5 times. This can be compared with the average workload of an astronaut during training.

The competition program includes races for men and women, and men have single and double races, women only perform solo. In Sochi 2014, the team relay is added to the luge competition for the first time.

The length of the track is also different for them, only the men's single race takes place from the very top of the track, which is about 1250 m of the ice chute. Couples and women start 250 - 400 m lower.

Sleds start riding on a sled, for acceleration they push off from the metal handles at the start, and then help themselves with studded gloves. A few meters after the start, the sleigh rider assumes a prone position, head back, his task is to control the sleigh so as to move at maximum speed. Control is accomplished with minimal movement of the body and movement of the athlete's legs. If you make the wrong effort, at such a high speed, you can tip over, which is very dangerous. Therefore, the luge's suit can withstand a high coefficient of friction, and the head is necessarily protected by a fiberglass helmet.

These are the "sledding" now among professional Olympians, among whom Russian athletes are traditionally strong, because Soviet and Russian athletes have already won 12 gold, 14 silver and 13 bronze medals at high-level luge competitions.

Let's wish them good luck at the upcoming 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi!

There are different winter sports, which are singles and teams. The luge is also noteworthy as it is included in the program of many competitions, including the Olympic Games. There is a certain list of strict rules that are needed to determine the best ones.

Luge sport - history of origin and development

The winter direction in sports, which is based on descending from a mountain or from a special sled run, is tobogganing. The track is made artificially and is an ice chute on a reinforced concrete base. It will be interesting to know when luge appeared, and so it happened in the middle of the 19th century. The first track was built in 1879 in Davos and its length was 4 km. After 4 years, the first official international competitions were held.

Tobogganing sports

This sports area has four subspecies:

This sports direction is included in the list of many competitions, including the Olympic Games, and they are held every four years. There are other types of competitions where luge sports are presented:

1. The World Championship is an international competition in which the strongest national teams participate. It is hosted by the International Luge Federation.
2. The European Championship is held between the strongest European teams.
3. Includes luge and World Cup, which is an international tournament and consists of several separate stages. For each of them, there are points that form the overall standings.

Luge rules

Unlike many areas, luge sports have very simple rules - the championship is won by an athlete who has passed the track in a minimum amount of time.

1. Participants start, one after another after a certain period of time, so that a collision does not occur.
2. Luge champions must certainly finish with the sled, or they will be disqualified, while it is worth noting that it is permissible to make a stop and then resume movement again.
3. The weight and structure of the sled are strictly regulated. The rules relate to restrictions on the weight of participants and equipment.
4. Two or more runs are run and the result includes the total time.
5. Luge sports allow for both singles and doubles. In most cases, men participate in pair competitions. At major competitions, relay races are held, and the team includes a single man and woman, and a couple.
6. In 2016, at the World Championships, for the first time, the toboggan sprint was included in the program. For this direction, a shortened track is used, and the time is not counted from the start, but after the athlete overcomes the initial section of 100-150 m. The winner is determined after a single attempt.

Luge sport

Except for the bobs, the sled has no rudder and no brakes to turn or brake. Since tremendous speed develops during the descent, it is important to know how to control the sleigh in luge sports, so, the start takes place in a sitting position, and then, after the push, the athlete lies down. The control is carried out due to the displacement of the center of gravity of the human body. Skeleton participants have special shoes with spikes, which they use for turns.

Tobogganing sled

Since there are different types of this sport, there is a different type of sled for each variant.

1. Toboggan- ancient sleds, which were used by the North American Indians. Their length is about 3-4 m, and the width is 30-40 cm. In ancient times, people used the toboggan to transport goods, and only after a while they became part of entertainment, and then competitions.
2. Bean- a cigar-shaped body for the crew, mounted on a steel chassis. Inside there are seating areas, a steering wheel and a brake lever.
3. Skeleton... The design of the skeleton sled includes weighted frames that have bumpers at the front and rear to absorb impacts from the track grooves. At the bottom they have two skates, on the top there are handles to hold onto them during the descent. There are regulations regarding the size and weight of the sled.
4. Naturban... A naturbana sled is similar to a regular children's sled, but is lighter and lower in weight. On the sides of the structure there are bumpers, and the runners have slats against impacts when cornering. The main feature of the sled is a bridle, which is attached to the front of the runners, and it is needed for control.

Toboggan track

To make a toboggan run, you first make a project with all the calculations. It consists of a chute and bends, and also has an ice cover.

1. The track may or may not have refrigeration units.
2. For single sleigh rides, the minimum track length for men is 1000 m, and the maximum is 1300 m.For women, the values ​​are less - 750 and 1050 m.
3. The average slope is in the range of 8-11%.
4. When designing bends, it is taken into account that athletes' overloads should not exceed 4.5 g.
5. There is one type of tobogganing that does not require facilities, since the descent takes place on a natural track - naturban.

Luge - equipment

In addition to the sleds, much attention is paid to the athlete's equipment, which must be suitable for the size and shape of the body. The outfit includes a jumpsuit, a safety helmet, safety shoes and gloves. A luge suit should not be bulky, but at the same time its task is to warm well. At the competition it is allowed to use additional equipment for protection: elbow pads, knee pads and a belt to protect the kidneys.

Luge speed

This sports direction is considered extreme due to the development of tremendous speeds. Experts are constantly working to find a balance between them and safety. On average, during the passage of the track, the athlete develops a speed of up to 110 km / h. As for the maximum speed of luge sports, a record was set in the skeleton by Alexander Tretyakov, and it is 146.4 km / h.

Toboggan- the ancient sled, which was invented and used by the North American Indians. Initially, they consisted of several boards knocked down between themselves with a curved front (bumper). The length of the toboggan is about 3-4 meters, and the width of these sleds is 30-40cm. Somewhat unusual sizes. First of all, people used such sleds to transport goods over the snow cover, and over time they began to use them for pleasure - descending from snowy hills.

To hold competitions in this sport, the sled had to be modified. Back in 1923, Bobsleigh and Toboggan Federation... But alas, the latter did not gain a large number of audience sympathies. Toboggan sporting activities were soon discontinued. And the federation that was founded retained only the leadership of bobsleigh, while the name remained the same in order to preserve history.

Of all the tobogganing sports, the most spectacular and popular bobsled... It is a descent at high speed along an equipped track on a special controlled sled called beans.

The World Championships and the participation of bobsleigh in the Olympics dates back to 1924. Since then, only the number of sled riders has changed. Now there are two or four bean competitions. The bobsleigh of fours consists of a pilot, a breakman and two accelerators, while the pilot and the accelerator operate on twos.

Parent skeleton considered a toboggan. The first skeleton sled was created by the Englishman Child, who made it from metal. By design, they looked like a skeleton, most likely, this is where the name came from.

Skeleton competitions are held in two or four races, the winner is determined by the sum of the time of the races. The descent takes place on a special sleigh along the ice chute. The athlete is placed on the sleigh head first (in the direction of the descent). Management: turns, speed reduction on bends is carried out by special spikes on the boots of the skeleton.

Sleds for a skeleton consist of a weighted frame, bumpers are attached to the front and rear, which dampen (damp) impacts on the track groove. Two skates are attached below, and handles on top for holding the skeleton player on the sled. The dimensions and weight of the sleigh are also normalized. Discrepancies in sizes are allowed within the following limits: length - 80-120cm, width - 34-38cm (the width is the distance between the skates of the sleigh). The maximum weight of the sled for men is 43 kg, for women - 35. Also, the total weight of an athlete and a skeleton should not exceed 115 and 92 kg for men and women, respectively. Ballast fixing is permitted if necessary. Heating the skates is strictly prohibited and before each start their temperature is checked.

The first skeleton competitions were held at the Second Olympic Games (1928). After that, 20 years later, at the 5th Winter Olympics, athletes again performed in this sport. At this, the triumph of the skeleton subsided. And only 54 years later, at the Salt Lake City Games, the skeleton returned to the international arena.

Naturban translated from German means "natural track". This discipline belongs to luge sports. The task of the athlete is to make a descent along a natural route in the shortest possible time. Men compete in singles and pair skating, and women only on single sleds.

The very first major naturban competition was the European Championship, first held in 1970. Following him, the World Championship in this discipline was introduced (1979). Naturban is organized by International Federation of Luge (FIL), which in 2000 applied for the admission of naturban to the program of the Olympic Games. Unfortunately, due to the low popularity outside Europe and the need for only a natural track (which limits the possibility of running anywhere), this luge did not become Olympic.

In accordance with the rules of the luge federation, the following requirements must be met for the track:

The introduction of artificial cooling is not allowed;

Environmentally harmful additives are prohibited;

All hills and elevations of the track are only natural, elevation of the track is not allowed.