The first spring birds. What birds fly to us first in the spring? What birds fly to Murmansk in spring

In the large avian world, there are migratory and non-migratory birds. For migrants, the change of seasons is preparation for a big trip, and for non-migratory birds, the onset of the cold season becomes a long and difficult time to overcome this difficult time.

Spring

Birds in spring

With the arrival of the first warm days, migratory birds return to their native lands. A lot of work awaits them at home: building nests and raising chicks.

Wagtails are the first to return to their habitats. They are especially punctual, so they never miss the beginning of the ice drift.

At the time when the land was almost free of the heavy snow cover, rooks had already arrived. They are the very first to hatch chicks, which is why their nests have already been built in March.

Starlings and larks are also early migratory birds. The first song of the lark is a testament to the fact that the cold will never come again. As a rule, males return first, and only after - females. And the last of the starlings and larks to return are those who are delayed or lost on the way.

Birds do not return home from warm lands because there is nothing to eat there. It's all about the instincts of the birds. They are drawn to their homeland by the desire to reproduce.

The flight of birds to their native lands is much faster than departure. And the whole point is that they are in a hurry to hatch their cubs, which does not tolerate delay.

You can roughly determine the periods of arrival of birds to their native lands. Rooks return to their homeland in mid-March, and starlings arrive by the end of this month.

In early April, larks, swans, blackbirds, finches and kites can be observed. In the middle of this month geese, ducks, gulls, cranes and waders arrive. And at the end - warblers, redstarts, woodcocks and forest pipits.

But May is characterized by the arrival of swallows, flycatchers, nightingales, swifts and ivology.

Summer

Bird life in summer

The main task of each species of birds for the summer is feeding and adapting the chicks to life. If the summer turned out to be rainy and cool, then the life of birds becomes somewhat more difficult. Chicks die of colds and hunger. And the parents themselves are in great danger while it rains.

Drought is also not a favorable state of nature for birds. For birds living in swamps, drought is a disaster. During such periods, wading birds are forced to go out in search of a new habitat. And if the hot days drag on, then the vegetation begins to dry out. This situation is dangerous for all bird species.

The main task of birds for the summer is to teach their chicks to fly, so that in the fall they can fly south with their parents.

As a rule, summer days are accompanied by early sunrise and late sunset, so the day for many birds is getting longer. So, for example, chicks, they wake up with the first rays of the sun, and fall asleep at sunset.

And the songs of the redstart can be heard at any time of the day, because it wakes up even before the sun rises, and falls asleep at dusk.

In the summer season, birds are especially active and lead their usual way of life. Day and night predators hunt in forests and steppes. The inhabitants of crowded places, familiar to us, fly through the streets of cities and villages.

Autumn

Which birds fly away in the fall, and which ones remain?

Why do birds fly south? Because in the winter they do not have enough food, and there is a possibility that their body will not endure severe frosts. Most of the inhabitants of the tundra are migratory birds, and some species are such in the taiga. The dependence of the number of migratory species depends on how suitable the habitat is in the forage plan - whether there is enough food reserves. Thus, it turns out that half of the forest feathered inhabitants fly south. And fields, marshes and reservoirs are completely left to winter without their winged inhabitants.

Migratory birds are: finches, wagtails, songbirds, chiffchaffs and swallows. Lapwings, woodpipes, larks, orioles, robins and redstarts also prefer to fly to warm lands.

But there are birds that are able to endure cold days, they are called sedentary. These birds include: woodpeckers, tits, pikas, nuthatches and jays. Cold days are not terrible for wood grouses, black grouses and hazel grouses. And the crossbill bird can generally build nests in winter and breed.

It is worth highlighting the nomadic bird species. They do not fly away to warm regions, but they move from place to place all the time. For example, waxwings, Muscovy tits, Nuts, tap dancers, bullfinches and many others.

Winter

How birds winter

Winter is not an unexpected period in the life of birds. Those who stay for the winter are really prepared for the harsh conditions. Birds stock up on food and seeds. And from time to time they go out in search of fallen earrings, cones and nuts.

So, for example, jays. They can often be seen looking for acorns, even potatoes and grains.

And the hazel grouse grows a special fringe on the legs, so it can hold on to the icy tree branches.

Birds that feed on buds, seeds and catkins are better supplied with food in winter. These are ptarmigan, hazel grouse, black grouse, wood grouse.

But birds that prefer to consume seeds and foliage are always in a difficult search for food. For example, goldfinches, linnet, siskins, tap dancers. These birds are saved only by the seeds of spruce and pine trees.

Alla Salamatina

Topic « Spring» , « Migratory birds»

Remember with a child migratory birds(starling, swallow, crane, nightingale, swift, lark, rook, cuckoo);

View images of these birds in illustrations, discuss their appearance and distinctive features;

Tell us where they came from, what benefits they bring migratory birds;

Observe life if possible migratory birds in spring while walking in the park, teach a child to recognize a rook and a starling, find common and distinctive features of these birds;

Teach a child to respect wildlife;

Together with the child, make a birdhouse and install it in the park;

Pay attention to seasonal changes in nature.

The grass turns green, the sun shines,

Swallow with in the spring in the canopy flies to us.

With her, the sun is more beautiful and spring is sweeter.

Say hello to us from the road sooner.

I'll give you grains, and you sing a song,

What I brought with me from distant countries.

(A. Pleshcheev)

Task 3. "Give me a word".

On the pole is a palace, in the palace there is a singer, and his name is -. (starling).

Task 4. Didactic game "The fourth extra" (by pictures or by ear).

Lark, sparrow, rook, starling.

Crow, duck, dove, sparrow.

Rook, tit, swallow, cuckoo.

Magpie, sparrow, woodpecker, swift.

Dove, swan, heron, crane.

Task 5. Didactic game "Who flew in?"... (The adult calls bird and baby answers: Yes or no.)

Task 6. Didactic game "Learn by description"... (An adult describes the appearance of some migratory bird, and the child recognizes and names her.)

Task 7. Writing a descriptive story

1. Color. (Color bird plumage) .

2. Parts of the body. (Name body parts).

3. Nest. (Name her chicks).

4. Autumn. (When birds fly away to warm lands).

5. Insects. (What do they eat birds) .

6 people. (What is the benefit to a person).

An approximate story according to the table.

Rook - bird black with a white beak. The rook has a head, body, wings, tail, paws. Whole body birds covered with feathers. In the spring rooks come from warm countries, build nests and breed chicks - rook. Rooks feed on insects, worms and plant seeds. In autumn, when it gets cold, rooks gather in flocks and fly to warm countries before spring... Rooks help people, they destroy insects and caterpillars - pests of fields and vegetable gardens.

Task 8. Learning to compare. Learn to compare living and inanimate objects with each other.

a) what is common between a real bird and a toy, and what are they

differ;

b) what is common between animals and birds and what are they

differ;

c) what is common between bird and plane, and how they differ.

Task 9. Didactic game "One - many"(the formation of the genitive plural of a noun): one rook - many rooks, one cuckoo (swift, swallow ,.).

Task 10. Cut out pictures with an image migratory birds and paste them into the album.

Task 11. Didactic game "Name it affectionately" (word formation using diminutive-affectionate suffixes): nightingale - nightingale, crane - crane, swan - swan. ...

Task 12. Didactic game "Who has who" (exercise in singular and plural word formation).

Rooks - rooks, starlings -. , for a rook - a rook, for a crane -. ...

Task 13. Complete the sentence. Invite your child to end the sentence with words. "Long-legged crane"

In the field I saw. (long-legged crane)... I watched for a long time. (long-legged crane)... I really liked this beautiful and slender one. (long-legged crane)... I wanted to go to. (long-legged crane)... But he got scared and flew away. It flew beautifully, spreading its wings, and circling its sky. (long-legged crane)... I told my mother about. (long-legged crane)... Mom said that you cannot approach and frighten. (long-legged crane)... I promised my mom not to come back to. (long-legged crane)... Now I will only watch from afar. (long-legged crane).

Task 14. Choose the meaningful preposition (from, to, to, over, on, by).

The rook took off. nests. The rook has arrived. nest. The rook flew up. nest. The rook is circling. nest. The rook sat down. branch. The rook walks. arable land.

Task 15. Retell the story"The Rooks Have Arrived" on questions.

Rooks arrive first. There is still snow all around, and they are already here. Rooks will rest and begin to build nests. Rooks build their nests on top of a tall tree. Rooks hatch their chicks earlier than others birds.

Explain the meaning to the child phrases: "Harbingers spring» , "Nest", "Top of the tree", "To bring out the chicks".

Questions. What kind birds arrive first in spring? What do the rooks start to do right away? Where do they build their nests? When do they hatch their chicks?

Retell the story"Harbingers spring» on questions.

The cold winter has passed. Coming Spring... The sun rises higher. It warms more. Rooks have arrived. The children saw them and screamed: "The Rooks Have Arrived! The Rooks Have Arrived!"

Questions. What was the winter like? What comes after winter? How the sun warms in the spring? Who flew in? Whom did the children see? What did they scream?

Explain the expression to the child "Harbingers spring» .

Task 16. Retell first-person story.

Sasha decided to make a birdhouse. He took the boards, saw, sawed the boards. He made a birdhouse out of them. The birdhouse was hung on a tree. May the starlings have a good home.

Explain to the child the meaning of the word birdhouse.

Task 17. Didactic game "Complete the sentence".

There is a nest in the tree, but in the trees. (nests)... On the branch there are branches, and on the branches .. There is a nestling in the nest, and in the nests -. ... There is a tree in the yard, and in the forest -. ...

Russia is a country famous for its long winter, which can sometimes last until the end of March. Year after year, people are looking forward to the arrival of spring, because this time of year is an excellent time to start new achievements. The arrival of spring has long been symbolized by the first birds arriving from warm regions. In Russia, there are about 59 species of birds that fly from places where they nest to wintering places and back.

Starlings
The first bird that arrives in March is the starling. The people say: "The starlings have arrived, so spring has come!"
An ordinary starling is a small bird, reaching a length of no more than 20 cm, but having a wingspan of two more. An interesting feature of this bird is the long, slightly curved and sharp black beak, which changes its color to yellow during the breeding season.
The plumage of birds is dark black in both males and females. In winter, starlings have white spots on their breast, wings and head, and in spring, after seasonal molting, the bird becomes brown in color. The singing of the common starling can include squeaks, whistles and rattles, and the starling also knows how to imitate the singing of other birds.

Rooks
Rooks arrive at the beginning of March almost simultaneously with the starlings. There is a sign: "The rooks have arrived, so in a month the snow will melt." and as a rule, this is always the case.
Rook is a bird of the raven family that lives in Eurasia. In the southern part of the range, this bird species is sedentary, in the northern part it is migratory. The male reaches from 45 to 47 cm in length, in young birds the beak is surrounded by feathers, in adult males there are no feathers anymore.
Rooks nest in trees in large columns. In winter, rooks try to stick together with birds of their kind. (Photo 2)

Finches
Finches begin to arrive by the end of March. They say about them: "The finch has arrived, brought spring on its tail."
The finch is a songbird of the finch family. On average, these birds live only 1.5 years and are very small in size, reaching no more than 15 cm in length. The male has bright plumage, and the closer to spring, the brighter: brownish-red breast, brownish with green back, bluish gray head, large white spots on the wings. In the female, the female is dimmer.
The finch lives in deciduous and coniferous forests, as well as in artificial plantations. Chaffinch nests in forests, gardens and parks. Prefers sparse spruce and mixed forest areas, as well as pine forests, especially if there are groups of deciduous trees and shrubs nearby. Avoids dense overgrown places, as it often descends to the ground for food.

Blackbirds
A little later, by about mid-April, blackbirds arrive. There is a sign among the people that says: "The blackbirds have arrived, the frosts have disappeared." Thrushes are birds of the family of thrushes of the order Passeriformes. They reach 25 cm, move along the ground exclusively in leaps. For the winter they fly to the south in large flocks. They nest singly or in small columns. The birds are easily recognizable for their gray back and yellow breast.

Nightingales
Nightingales return in the first half of May. There is a sign: "The nightingales have begun to sing, so spring has blossomed."

Distributed in Europe and western Asia, belong to the thrush family. They reach 17 cm in size, have a brown color with a reddish tail, they prefer to make nests closer to the ground, usually in small bushes. The nightingale hibernates in Africa. The nightingale is famous for its wonderful singing, polyphonic with many different sounds. In May, the nightingale sings all day, but his songs sound especially beautiful from evening dawn to morning. Thanks to such wonderful trills of this bird, a nightingale's day was celebrated on May 15, and it was from this day that it was believed that spring was filled with warmth and sunny weather. After the arrival of the nightingale, one can really consider that spring has come!

Daria Trubitsina

This question can be correctly answered from at least three different positions. These answers will be complementary and therefore equally important. First, what is the mechanism of this phenomenon? Secondly, why do birds do it - what is the meaning (function) of this behavior? And, finally, how did it happen that birds fly away somewhere and then return (that is, what is the origin and evolution of this phenomenon)? These three aspects will be briefly discussed below.

How?

If you keep migratory birds in captivity, then during the period of normal seasonal migrations they experience anxiety. This state was called migratory. During this time, for example, you can observe atypical activity at night. And this is due to the fact that small birds fly mainly at night. That is, they seem to try to realize their urge to migrate even if they (in captivity) are not allowed to do so.

Moreover, birds try to orient themselves in the direction where they should normally fly. This feature is widely used when studying the orientation of birds using the so-called round cells, or Cramer cells named after the German bird watcher Gustav Kramer. In such cells (round), perimeters are located along the perimeter, and one perimeter is located in the center of the cell. When jumping, it is more convenient for the bird to jump from the central perch to one of the peripheral ones. By where the most frequently visited peripheral perch is oriented (to the cardinal points), it is determined in which direction the bird "wants" to migrate.

So, the desire to migrate south (in the fall) or return home (in the spring) is manifested in birds even when they are not allowed to do so. That is, the migratory state is, in fact, an instinctive phenomenon. It is triggered in our birds mainly by the ratio between the dark and light time of the day (the so-called photoperiod). A certain value of this parameter is a kind of trigger for migrations. This has been shown, including experimentally.

What for?

Now let's see why the birds need to return home. What is the meaning (function) of this? How does this help them survive? Indeed, for the instinct that was discussed in the previous subsection to form, it must have some value - otherwise it simply would not have arisen.

Several periods can be distinguished in the life of birds. They are repeated every year, so they usually talk about an annual cycle. In a typical case, the annual cycle looks like this: nesting, molting, autumn migration, wintering, spring migration, nesting again, and then “according to the list”. All these periods are important, but the nesting period is of particular importance. At this time, the birds hatch offspring, a lot of additional costs are required from them - both time and energy. Therefore, only those individuals that reproduce successfully in places favorable to them, to which they are best adapted.

Why don't our birds usually nest, for example, in the tropics? There are two main reasons here. First, they are not well adapted to the local conditions. That is, they can live there, get their own food, even sing, but they are not enough for more. It is difficult to find a suitable place for a nest, it is difficult to feed chicks, etc. And secondly, in the tropics there are a lot of local sedentary species that "outplay" migrants in the competitive struggle - both in the direct (for example, for nesting shelters) and indirect (for food).

But it also happens that our northern birds, and somewhere far in the south, find suitable conditions for themselves and stay there to nest. In some cases, this can even lead to the emergence of new forms over time. A good example is the mallard duck ( Anas platyrchynchus, rice. 1), common in central Russia, including within Moscow. And besides that, it nests throughout North America and Eurasia, from the tundra to the subtropics. So this species is very flexible. Therefore, perhaps it is not surprising that some populations, having found themselves in the course of migrations to tropical islands, remained to live there and became sedentary.

Now such forms are considered even separate (but closely related) species. This is the Hawaiian mallard Anas (platyrhynchus) wyvilliana and laysan teal Anas (platyrhynchus) laysanensis, both species are from the Hawaiian Islands (Fig. 2).

There are even more interesting exceptions. One of them is a black silky waxwing ( Phainopepla nitens, rice. 3), inhabiting North America. This bird manages to nest twice a year. In the spring, she hatches chicks in the state of California. And by the fall it migrates to Colorado. Here she nests again. Such nesting in two different places is a unique case for birds. So, as is generally characteristic of zoology, there are only general trends or rules with many different exceptions.

Finally, it is necessary to briefly tell why birds fly away to warmer regions in winter. The main reason is lack of food. Therefore, first of all, those species of birds that feed on openly living insects fly away. Of course, you cannot find such food in winter. So they migrate, one might say, forcedly. The same species that can find food for themselves in winter remain in our area. These are, for example, tits, dexterously looking for sleeping insects in various crevices and diversifying their diet with seeds. Or great spotted woodpecker ( Dendrocopos major), feeding on seeds of spruce and pine in winter.

Why?

But why do birds that nest in northern latitudes and winter in tropical latitudes do this and not otherwise? Why don't they, for example, nest in the tropics in winter, and go north to rest in the summer? To answer this, it is also necessary to consider the evolutionary aspect. Namely, the history of the dispersal of species.

The fact is that many of our bird species are of southern origin. All of them are from Africa or South Asia. In the course of their evolutionary history, they gradually dispersed from these areas. New populations and species were formed, adapting to new, more northern, conditions. Facing new conditions with unfavorable conditions in winter, these birds were forced to migrate south. And this path ran to those areas where these species originally originated. A kind of historical memory. Therefore, there is a well-known analogy that the migration path in general terms repeats the path of dispersal of the species. Of course, it is not worthwhile to precisely link the wintering area and the area from where the resettlement began. There is a correspondence here, but it is approximate. So, if a species winters in tropical Asia, we can talk about its Asian origin, but not necessarily tropical.

Wintering areas can remain conservative, even if not very convenient. This, for example, is the situation with oatmeal ( Emberiza aureola) - an Asian species that has recently settled in Europe, up to the Baltics. Of course, it would be shorter for European birds to fly to Africa for wintering, nevertheless, they fly to Southeast Asia "in the old fashioned way" - like birds from Siberia and the Far East (Fig. 4).

Dubrovnik has only recently begun to nest in Europe. But most of the other species, more ancient natives of Asia, have changed their wintering places over time. European populations began to spend the winter in Africa - which is obviously both closer and more convenient.

Thus, the history of a species is also important in understanding how it behaves now. But none of the three aspects (mechanism, function, evolution), taken separately, can answer the question posed. And only in the aggregate do they paint a whole picture of why and why birds return back in the spring.

Replied: Alexey Opaev

Since childhood, we have been observing birds without even thinking which birds arrive with the first warmth. It is generally accepted that ducks are the spring messengers. But is it? We have put together a short article for you, in which we have provided a calendar for the return of feathered companions. You will find out when they arrive and what they are doing at home, the signs associated with them, and which winged creatures, on the contrary, fly away in the spring.

In what order do the birds stay home

All migratory birds return to their homeland according to a specific calendar. Each family follows it from year to year, with an accuracy of the day, and strictly flies to the place where the path for wintering began.

In birds, there is a timetable for the arrival sequence, according to which you can find out which birds arrive first in the spring. Let's take a closer look.

Wagtails return home as soon as the snow begins to melt. In different regions, this period starts from the end of February to March. Sometimes these birds can be seen swimming on drifting ice.

The second in line, but no less early, are the rooks. They arrive at their native places at about the same time with the wagtails.

Other heat messengers

Interestingly, males of starlings are always the first to arrive, and only a week or two later, females.

A cute little bird, the finch, comes back. It is not difficult to recognize him: a blue head with a black forehead, red breasts, throat and cheeks. It is often confused with a bullfinch, but the back of the finch is red, the wings are yellow, and the tail is green.

Immediately after the finch, the thrush returns home. For those who like to walk in nature, he causes a lot of admiration for his songs. Males begin to sing and build nests, attracting young females.

Redstarts return home in mid-spring. They are similar in size to sparrows, although their color is bluish.

Birds arriving in May

By the end of April, a forest full of foliage welcomes a nightingale into its arms. He pleases those around him with his wonderful singing. Although the bird is completely inconspicuous from the outside, not distinguished by a special color, his songs cannot be confused with anything.

The very end of May is marked by the arrival of swallows. These are thermophilic creatures that arrive when dry and hot weather has settled in nature. They love to equip their homes around people. Balconies, rooftops and gorges above rivers often become nesting places. As a rule, swallows build a nest once, and return to it every spring.

Signs of Birds Returning in Spring

Since ancient times, there has been a sign: as soon as the birds return home, be sure to wait for warm days.

There are other signs that are passed down from generation to generation:

• if a bird builds a nest high on a tree, the summer will be cold;
• a large flock of migratory birds - a good friendly spring;
• I saw some ruffled birds - expect a change in the weather;
• rooks fly around their homes - expect trouble;
• a starling flew in - spring has come;
• a swallow built a nest near the house - to well-being and happiness in the family;
• if the swallow flies close to the ground, it means it will rain;
• the lark returned quite early - spring and summer will be hot.

What do the birds do when they arrive in their native lands

The birds that returned to us after winter delight everyone with their loud singing. They are young, full of energy and strength, which is why they immediately take to the arrangement of their homes. So, rooks first of all begin to actively restore their nests. Downy bedding, rotten and broken twigs are changed, new dry grass is added.

Basically, males arrive first, regardless of the species. They are engaged in the arrangement of the old house, if it is not left in the winter, they are building a new one. By singing and screaming, they attract females, after which they lay eggs and begin to feed new young offspring.

Which bird flies away in spring

Yes, you are not mistaken, they fly away. If you understand exactly, then the birds that come to us in the spring do not come, but fly past us. Depending on the region, birds rise higher and higher to the north every week, to temperate latitudes. From this we can conclude that, for example, a nightingale, which migrates to North Africa in autumn, flies away from there in the spring to return to its native land.

Often, by the spring, one can observe how bullfinches leave their winter places. This is due to the fact that in the spring the breeding season begins, and they have to look for new nesting sites.